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    Solar Radiation

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    Srihari Santhosh
    The document discusses solar geometry and the angles involved. It explains that the Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with the distance varying between 98.3% to 101.7% of the mean distance. This causes the radiant energy received by Earth to vary by around 3%. The solar constant is defined as the irradiance outside the atmosphere at the mean distance and has a present value of 1367 W/m2. Figure 2.4 shows the different angles at which solar radiation is received on Earth. The fact that the Sun is a large distance away means the rays can be considered parallel.

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    Solar Radiation

    Uploaded by

    Srihari Santhosh
    27 views2 pages
    The document discusses solar geometry and the angles involved. It explains that the Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with the distance varying between 98.3% to 101.7% of the mean distance. This causes the radiant energy received by Earth to vary by around 3%. The solar constant is defined as the irradiance outside the atmosphere at the mean distance and has a present value of 1367 W/m2. Figure 2.4 shows the different angles at which solar radiation is received on Earth. The fact that the Sun is a large distance away means the rays can be considered parallel.

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    Solar sun light radiation

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    The document discusses solar geometry and the angles involved. It explains that the Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with the distance varying between 98.3% to 101.7% of the mean distance. This causes the radiant energy received by Earth to vary by around 3%. The solar constant is defined as the irradiance outside the atmosphere at the mean distance and has a present value of 1367 W/m2. Figure 2.4 shows the different angles at which solar radiation is received on Earth. The fact that the Sun is a large distance away means the rays can be considered parallel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views2 pages

    Solar Radiation

    Uploaded by

    Srihari Santhosh
    The document discusses solar geometry and the angles involved. It explains that the Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with the distance varying between 98.3% to 101.7% of the mean distance. This causes the radiant energy received by Earth to vary by around 3%. The solar constant is defined as the irradiance outside the atmosphere at the mean distance and has a present value of 1367 W/m2. Figure 2.4 shows the different angles at which solar radiation is received on Earth. The fact that the Sun is a large distance away means the rays can be considered parallel.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    2.

    5 Solar Geometry

    The earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical orbit with the sun being at one of the foci.
    The distance between the sun and earth, therefore changes continually during its revolution
    around the sun in about 365 days. The average or the mean Sun-Earth distance is 149.6x106
    km. At its perihelion position i.e. when the earth is nearest to the sun on January one, the
    distance of earth is about 98.3% of the mean distance. On the other hand, it is farthest on the
    aphelion position i.e. on July 2, which is about 101.7% of the mean distance. Because of these
    variations in the sun earth distance, the radiant energy cut by the earth also varies by about
    +_3% of its normal energy value. The radiant energy falling on a unit area, termed irradiance, at
    normal incidence outside the earth atmosphere at mean sun earth distance is termed as solar
    constant(S). Thus value of the solar constant varies from day to day depending on the actual
    distance from the sun. The present accepted value of solar constant as derived from the
    space based measurements is 1367+_7 W/m2.

    The fact is that all rays received from the sun can be thought of as being parallel to one
    another. It is because the sun is at a very large distance from the earth. Figure 2.4 shows the
    different angles at which the solar radiation is received on earth.

    18

    It is quite interesting to know few things about a wide range of solar geometry related
    angles as shown below

    Solar Geometry-Angle definitions

    Type Symbol Name Description Sign Range

    Location Latitude Angular North positive -900<-1<-+ 900


    location north
    or south of
    equator
    Location Declination Angular North positive -23..450<-d
    position of the +23..45023..450
    sun at solar
    noon with
    respect to
    equatorial plane
    Location Hour-angle Displacement of East negative 150 per hour
    the Sun E or W West positive
    of due S
    Solar position Solar altitude Angle of the Positive 00 at Sunrise,
    sun above sunset 00<-
    horizon +900

    19

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