Extraction PDF
Extraction PDF
Extraction PDF
XSolid-Liquid Extraction
hbrewing tea
hpercolating coffee
hspices and herbs
Solvent Extraction
Separatory
funnel
add second
immiscible
solvent
shake
Solvent Extraction
Phase 2 [S]2
Phase 1 [S]1
Theory of Liquid-Liquid Extraction
organic product
Immiscible solvents
impurity
Theory of Extraction
[S]2
K=
[S]1
Solvent Extraction
X[S]1 = qm/V1
X[S]2 = (1-q)m/V2
Solvent Extraction
V1 KV2
q= (1-q) =
KV2 + V1 KV2 + V1
V1 2
q(2) =
KV2 + V1
Solvent Extraction
V1 n
q(n) =
KV2 + V1
Solvent Extraction
# moles remaining
0.05882 (0.03M0.150L) = 2.647x10-4 moles
Solvent Extraction
150ml 6
q= = 0.0004115
4(100ml) + 150ml
# moles remaining
4.115 x 10-4 (0.03M0.150L) = 1.852x10-6moles
Solvent Extraction
Ka
HA H+ + A-
Kb
B + H2O BH+ + OH-
Generally, neutral species are more soluble
in an organic solvent and charged species
are more soluble in aqueous solution
Solvent Extraction (pH effects)
Ka
aqueous HA H+ + A-
Solvent Extraction (pH effects)
[HA]2 [HA]2
D= =
Ka [ HA]1 K
[HA]1 + + [HA] 1 + a
+
[H ] 1
[ H ]
Ka [HA]2
D 1+ + = =K
[ H ] [HA]1
Solvent Extraction (pH effects)
Ka
D 1+ + = K
[ H ]
+
K K[ H ]
D= = +
Ka [ H ] + K a
1+ +
[ H ]
Solvent Extraction (pH effects)
mainly mainly
D HA A-
[H+]<<Ka
pH
Solvent Extraction (pH effects)
4 pH 8
Solvent Extraction (pH effects)
pH
Solvent Extraction (pH effects)
X In general:
acid base
K
pH
Separate organic acid, base
and neutral analytes