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    Selair Selkirk Reciprocating Engines

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    Erico Antonio Teixeira
    Reciprocating engines use a four-stroke cycle consisting of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. During the intake stroke, the intake valve opens and the piston moves down to draw the fuel-air mixture into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the valves close and the piston compresses the mixture. The spark plug then ignites the compressed mixture in the power stroke, forcing the piston down. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the piston pushes out the burned gases. Key metrics for engines include horsepower, efficiency, displacement and compression ratio.

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    Selair Selkirk Reciprocating Engines

    Uploaded by

    Erico Antonio Teixeira
    51 views19 pages
    Reciprocating engines use a four-stroke cycle consisting of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. During the intake stroke, the intake valve opens and the piston moves down to draw the fuel-air mixture into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the valves close and the piston compresses the mixture. The spark plug then ignites the compressed mixture in the power stroke, forcing the piston down. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the piston pushes out the burned gases. Key metrics for engines include horsepower, efficiency, displacement and compression ratio.

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    Reciprocating engines studing

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    Reciprocating engines use a four-stroke cycle consisting of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. During the intake stroke, the intake valve opens and the piston moves down to draw the fuel-air mixture into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the valves close and the piston compresses the mixture. The spark plug then ignites the compressed mixture in the power stroke, forcing the piston down. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the piston pushes out the burned gases. Key metrics for engines include horsepower, efficiency, displacement and compression ratio.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    51 views19 pages

    Selair Selkirk Reciprocating Engines

    Uploaded by

    Erico Antonio Teixeira
    Reciprocating engines use a four-stroke cycle consisting of intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. During the intake stroke, the intake valve opens and the piston moves down to draw the fuel-air mixture into the cylinder. In the compression stroke, the valves close and the piston compresses the mixture. The spark plug then ignites the compressed mixture in the power stroke, forcing the piston down. Finally, in the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the piston pushes out the burned gases. Key metrics for engines include horsepower, efficiency, displacement and compression ratio.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that most aircraft engines use a four-stroke cycle consisting of intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes, and engine power and efficiency can be measured in different ways such as indicated, brake and shaft horsepower.

    A four-stroke engine operates through four strokes - intake, compression, power and exhaust. In the intake stroke, the piston moves down and opens the intake valve to draw in fuel and air. In the compression stroke, the intake valve closes and the piston compresses the fuel-air mixture. In the power stroke, ignition occurs and the expanding gases push the piston down. In the exhaust stroke, the exhaust valve opens and the piston pushes out the exhaust gases.

    The four strokes in a four-stroke engine cycle are: 1) Intake stroke - piston moves down and intake valve opens to draw in fuel-air mixture. 2) Compression stroke - intake valve closes and piston compresses the fuel-air mixture. 3) Power stroke - ignition occurs and expanding gases push piston down. 4) Exhaust stroke - exhaust valve opens and piston pushes out exhaust gases.

    RECIPROCATING ENGINES

    OPERATING PRINCIPLES
    Operating cycle
    The operating cycle of a reciprocating engine
    include 5 events:
    Intake
    Compression
    Ignition
    Power
    Exhaust
    Four-Stroke Cycle
    Most aircraft reciprocating engines utilize the
    four-stroke cycle:
    Intake
    Compression
    Power
    Exhaust
    Four-Stroke Five-Event Cycle
    INTAKE STROKE
    The intake valve opens as the piston moves
    downward sucking the fuel/air charge into the
    combustion chamber.
    COMPRESSION STROKE
    The intake and exhaust valves are closed as the
    piston moves upward compressing the fuel/air
    charge.
    IGNITION EVENT
    The intake and exhaust valves are closed asthe
    spark plug fires igniting the compressed fuel/air
    charge.
    POWER STROKE
    The intake and exhaust valves are closed as the
    piston is forced downward by the rapid
    expansion of the burning fuel/air charge.
    EXHAUST STROKE
    The exhaust valve opens as the piston moves
    upward forcing the burned exhaust gases out of
    the cylinder.
    DEFININTIONS
    Top Dead Center (TDC): The position of the piston at
    its highest point in a upward stroke.
    Bottom Dead Center (BDC): The position of the at its
    lowest point in a downward stroke.
    Stroke: The distance the piston moves from TDC to
    BDC.
    Bore: The inside diameter of the cylinder.
    Piston Displacement: The volume displaced by the
    piston.
    Compression Ratio: A comparison of the difference in
    cylinder volume between TDC and BDC.
    Valve Timing
    Intake valves: The intake valves are timed to open
    before the piston reaches TDC on the exhaust stroke.
    The speed of the exhaust gases leaving the combustion
    chamber create a low pressure which helps suck the
    fuel/air mixture into the chamber. By opening prior to
    TDC the engine maximizes the intake of fuel/air mixture
    to increase horsepower. If the engine is timed to open
    the intake valves too early in the exhaust stroke, some
    of the hot exhaust gases may enter the intake manifold
    igniting the fuel/air mixture. (backfire)
    Valve Timing
    Exhaust valves: The exhaust valves are timed
    to open before the piston reaches BDC on the
    power stroke. This way exhaust gases start
    evacuating the cylinder to residual pressure in
    the cylinder. It aids in complete removal of waste
    heat once the useful energy of expansion has
    been used. Complete removal of exhaust gas
    before the intake stroke is essential to providing
    an undiluted fuel/air charge.
    ENGINE POWER AND EFFICIENCY
    Work: force times distance. Work is commonly
    measured by the foot-pound. (1lb mass raised
    1ft = 1ft-lb of work)
    Horsepower: common unit of mechanical
    power. (HP=ft-lb per min/33,000)
    Indicated Horsepower (IHP): the power
    developed in the combustion chambers without
    reference to friction losses within the engine.
    ENGINE POWER AND EFFICIENCY
    Brake Horsepower (BHP): the power delivered
    to the propeller shaft; takes power loss due to
    friction and engine driven accessories
    (generator, alternator, A/C, oil pumps, fuel
    pumps, etc.) into account. Brake horsepower is
    measured with a Prony brake. IHP-FHP=BHP
    ENGINE POWER AND EFFICIENCY
    Shaft Horsepower (SHP): the power delivered
    to the propeller shaft; takes power loss due to
    friction and engine driven accessories
    (generator, alternator, A/C, oil pumps, fuel
    pumps, etc.) into account. Shaft horsepower is
    measured with a dynamometer. IHP-FHP=SHP
    NOTE: BHP and SHP are commonly used as
    interchangeable terms. The only difference being
    the technicality of what type of device was used
    to measure engine output.
    ENGINE POWER AND EFFICIENCY
    Friction Horsepower (FHP): the power loss in
    an engine due to friction between moving parts,
    drawing in fuel, expelling exhaust, and engine
    driven components.
    ENGINE POWER AND EFFICIENCY
    Equivalent Shaft Horsepower (ESHP): shaft
    horsepower plus additional thrust provided by
    exhaust gases directed rearward on turboprop
    engines.
    Thrust Horsepower (THP): the result of the
    engine and propeller working together. Propeller
    efficiency varies with engine speed, altitude,
    attitude, temperature, and airspeed.
    THP=BHPPropeller Efficiency.
    Engine efficiency is measured in three ways:
    Thermal efficiency: ratio of the useful work done by
    the engine to the amount of heat energy developed
    by combustion.
    Mechanical efficiency: ratio that shows how much
    of the power developed by the combustion process
    is delivered to the output shaft. BHP/IHP
    Volumetric efficiency: comparison of the volume of
    fuel/air charge inducted into the cylinder to piston
    displacement. Varies due to atmospheric conditions
    and complete or incomplete removal of exhaust
    gases from the cylinder.

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