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    Circulating fluidized-bed combustion (CFBC) technology allows for the combustion of a wide variety of fuels. It features low emissions of pollutants like NOx and SOx without additional environmental equipment. CFBC boilers operate at lower temperatures than conventional boilers, which helps reduce thermal NOx emissions. The combustion process involves a two-stage reducing and oxidizing combustion. CFBC systems typically include a boiler, high-temperature cyclone, and equipment to preheat combustion air and heat boiler feedwater. They began being introduced in Japan in the mid-1980s and are now used for power generation, industrial processes, and biomass combustion.

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    Circulating fluidized-bed combustion (CFBC) technology allows for the combustion of a wide variety of fuels. It features low emissions of pollutants like NOx and SOx without additional environmental equipment. CFBC boilers operate at lower temperatures than conventional boilers, which helps reduce thermal NOx emissions. The combustion process involves a two-stage reducing and oxidizing combustion. CFBC systems typically include a boiler, high-temperature cyclone, and equipment to preheat combustion air and heat boiler feedwater. They began being introduced in Japan in the mid-1980s and are now used for power generation, industrial processes, and biomass combustion.

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    Circulating fluidized-bed combustion (CFBC) technology allows for the combustion of a wide variety of fuels. It features low emissions of pollutants like NOx and SOx without additional environmental equipment. CFBC boilers operate at lower temperatures than conventional boilers, which helps reduce thermal NOx emissions. The combustion process involves a two-stage reducing and oxidizing combustion. CFBC systems typically include a boiler, high-temperature cyclone, and equipment to preheat combustion air and heat boiler feedwater. They began being introduced in Japan in the mid-1980s and are now used for power generation, industrial processes, and biomass combustion.

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    2 2a2 PDF

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    anbarasan
    Circulating fluidized-bed combustion (CFBC) technology allows for the combustion of a wide variety of fuels. It features low emissions of pollutants like NOx and SOx without additional environmental equipment. CFBC boilers operate at lower temperatures than conventional boilers, which helps reduce thermal NOx emissions. The combustion process involves a two-stage reducing and oxidizing combustion. CFBC systems typically include a boiler, high-temperature cyclone, and equipment to preheat combustion air and heat boiler feedwater. They began being introduced in Japan in the mid-1980s and are now used for power generation, industrial processes, and biomass combustion.

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    Part 2 CCT Overview

    Coal-fired Power Generation Technologies (Combustion Technologies)

    2A2. Circulating Fluidized-bed Combustion Technology (CFBC)


    Technology Overview

    1. Features
    The features of circulating fluidized-bed boilers are described thermal NOx emissions as the generation of NOx is dependent
    below. upon the combustion temperature. In addition, the operation of
    1) Compatibility with wide range of fuels circulating fluidized-bed boilers involves a two-stage combustion
    Conventional boilers for power generation can use only fossil process: the reducing combustion at the fluidized-bed section,
    fuels, such as high-grade coal, oil, and gas. The CFBC is also and the oxidizing combustion at the freeboard section. Next, the
    capable of using low-grade coal, biomass, sludge, waste plastics, unburned carbon is collected by a high-temperature cyclone
    and waste tires as fuel. located at the boiler exit to recycle to the boiler, thus increasing
    2) Low polluting the denitration efficiency.
    NOx and SOx emissions are significantly decreased without 3) High combustion efficiency
    special environmental modifications. In the case of fluidized-bed Improved combustion efficiency is attained through the use of a
    boilers, desulfurization is carried out intrafurnace, using mainly circulating fluidization-mode combustion mechanism.
    limestone as the fluidizing material. For denitration, PC boilers 4) Space-saving, ease of maintenance
    operate at combustion temperatures from 1,400oC to 1,500oC, Space saving is attained because there is no need for separate
    whereas circulating fluidized-bed boilers operate at lower desulfurization, denitration, and fine-fuel crushing units. Accordingly,
    temperatures, ranging from 850oC to 900oC, thereby suppressing trouble-spots are minimized, and maintenance is simplified.

    2. Technology overview
    Figure 1 shows a typical CFBC process flow. Hot cyclone CFBC boiler

    Generated steam

    Coal Limestone
    Flue gas

    Boiler feed water Boiler feed water heater

    Secondary air
    Cyclone Primary air
    Circulating Air pre-heater
    fluidized-bed Electric
    furnace precipitator
    Heat ID fan
    recovery Stack
    section

    Ash storage tank

    Fig. 1 Process flow of circulating fluidized-bed boiler

    Figure 2 provides a rough overview of CFBC. Generally, CFBC


    Fig. 2 Schematic drawing of CFBC
    consists of a boiler and a high-temperature cyclone. The intra-furnace
    gas velocity is as high as 4 to 8 m/s. A coarse fluidizing medium and a pre-heater for the fluidizing air and combustion air, and a boiler feed
    char in the flue gas are collected by the high-temperature cyclone water heater, are installed. Most of the boiler technologies are
    and recycled to the boiler. Recycling maintains the bed height and manufactured overseas, mainly from Foster Wheeler, Lurgi,
    increases the denitration efficiency. To increase the thermal efficiency, Steinmuller, ALSTOM, and Babcock & Wilcox.

    3. Study site and application field


    Photo 1 shows an overview of a CFBC boiler facility. The CFBC gained refinery (300 t/hr), and Ube Industries, Ltd.s Isa
    popularity mainly as a coal-fired boiler. Recently, however, CFBC plant (210 t/hr). An example of an RDF-fired
    boilers using RDF and wood-based biomass as the fuel have drawn boiler is Sanix Inc.s Tomakomai plant. The
    attention. Typical applications of coal-fired biogas are the Kuraray Co., biomass fuel is mixed with coal and combusted,
    Ltd.s Tamashima plant (70 t/hr), Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.s Chiba oil thereby decreasing CO2 emissions.

    4. Study period
    Most of the circulating, atmospheric-pressure fluidized-bed boiler
    (CFBC) technologies were introduced into Japan from abroad,
    beginning around 1986. Photo 1 CFBC appearance
    5. Progress and development results
    CFBC technology was introduced from abroad and used in coal- Outstanding CFBC-related issues include the further
    fired boilers. It is used by power producers, iron makers, paper investigation of and efforts to reduce the initial costs and to
    producers, and in other sectors. Plans exist to distribute CFBC improve the power generation efficiency for boilers using fuels
    technology to China under the Green Aid Plan (GAP). such as RDF, industrial waste, and wood-based biomass.
    25

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