MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

CHENNAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Sarathy Nagar, Pudupedu, Chennai 600 069.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

MT6411 MICROPROCESSOR LABORATORY

LABORATORY MANUAL

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LIST OF EXEPRIMENTS

Sl.No. Name of the Experiments Page No.

Introduction to 8085 Microprocessor 3

1 Addition of 2 - 8 bit numbers 11

2 Subtraction of 2 8 bit numbers 14

3 Addition of 2 - 16 numbers 17

5 8 bit Multiplication 21

6 8 bit Division 24

7 To a arrange a series of numbers in Ascending order 27

8 To a arrange a series of numbers in Descending order 30

9 Analog to Digital Conversion 33

10 Decimal Addition of 8-bit numbers 36

11 Hexadecimal to Decimal & Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion 37

12 Stepper motor Controller 44

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INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSOR 8085

Aim
To study the microprocessor 8085

Architecture of 8085 Microprocessor

a) General purpose register

It is an 8 bit register i.e. B,C,D,E,H,L. The combination of 8 bit register is known as
register pair, which can hold 16 bit data. The HL pair is used to act as memory pointer is
accessible to program.

b) Accumulator
It is an 8 bit register which hold one of the data to be processed by ALU and stored
the result of the operation.

c) Program counter (PC)

It is a 16 bit pointer which maintain the address of a byte entered to line stack.

d) Stack pointer (Sp)

It is a 16 bit special purpose register which is used to hold line memory address for
line next instruction to be executed.

e) Arithmetic and logical unit

It carries out arithmetic and logical operation by 8 bit address it uses the accumulator
content as input the ALU result is stored back into accumulator.

f) Temporary register
It is an 8 bit register associated with ALU hold data, entering an operation, used by
the microprocessor and not accessible to programs.

g) Flags
Flag register is a group of fire, individual flip flops line content of line flag register
will change after execution of arithmetic and logic operation. The line states flags are
i) Carry flag (C)
ii) Parity flag (P)
iii) Zero flag (Z)
iv) Auxiliary carry flag (AC)
v) Sign flag (S)

h) Timing and control unit

Synchronous all microprocessor, operation with the clock and generator and control
signal from it necessary to communicate between controller and peripherals.

i) Instruction register and decoder

Instruction is fetched from line memory and stored in line instruction register decoder
the stored information.
j) Register Array
These are used to store 8 bit data during execution of some instruction.

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PIN Description

Address Bus
1. The pins Ao A15 denote the address bus.
2. They are used for most significant bit

Address / Data Bus

1. AD0 AD7 constitutes the address / Data bus
2. These pins are used for least significant bit

ALE : (Address Latch Enable)

1. The signal goes high during the first clock cycle and enables the lower order
address bits.

IO / M
1. This distinguishes whether the address is for memory or input.
2. When this pins go high, the address is for an I/O device.
S0
S1 S0 and S1 are status signal which provides different status and functions.

RD
1. This is an active low signal
2. This signal is used to control READ operation of the microprocessor.

WR
1. WR is also an active low signal
2. Controls the write operation of the microprocessor.

HOLD
1. This indicates if any other device is requesting the use of address and data bus.

HLDA
1. HLDA is the acknowledgement signal for HOLD
2. It indicates whether the hold signal is received or not.

INTR
1. INTE is an interrupt request signal
2. IT can be enabled or disabled by using software

INTA
1. Whenever the microprocessor receives interrupt signal
2. It has to be acknowledged.

RST 5.5, 6.5, 7.5

1. These are nothing but the restart interrupts
2. They insert an internal restart junction automatically.

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TRAP
1. Trap is the only non-maskable interrupt
2. It cannot be enabled (or) disabled using program.

RESET IN
1. This pin resets the program counter to 0 to 1 and results interrupt enable and
HLDA flip flops.
X1,
X2 These are the terminals which are connected to external oscillator to produce the
necessary and suitable clock operation.
SID
This pin provides serial input data

SOD
This pin provides serial output data

VCC and VSS

1. VCC is +5V supply pin
2. VSS is ground pin

Specifications
1. Processors
Intel 8085 at E144 MHz clock

2. Memory
Monitor RAM: 0000 IFFF
EPROM Expansion: 2000 3FFFs
0000 FFF
System RAM: 4000 5FFF
Monitor data area 4100 5FFF
RAM Expansion 6000 BFFF

3. Input / Output
Parallel: A8 TTL input timer with 2 number of 32-55 only input timer available in -85 EBI.

Serial: Only one number RS 232-C, Compatible, crucial interface using 8281A

Timer: 3 channel -16 bit programmable units, using 8253 channel 0 used for no band late.
Clock generator. Channel 1 is used for single stopping used program.

Display: 6 digit 7 segment LED display with filter 4 digit for adder display and 2 digit for
data display.

Key board: 21 keys, soft keyboard including common keys and hexa decimal keys.
RES: Reset keys allow to terminate any present activity and retain to - 85 its on initialize
state.

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INT: Maskable interrupt connect to CPUs RST 7.5 interrupt

DEC: Decrement the adder by 1

EXEC: Execute line particular value after selecting address through go command.

NEXT: Increment the address by 1 and then display its content.

Key Functions:

E i. Hex entry key 0

0 ii. Substituting memory content where next key is paused immediately
SUB after 1, take used to st cutting address.
iii. Register key E

RD i) Hex code entry (1)

1 ii) Register key D
REG

i) Hex code entry 2

C ii) Retricre data from data memory to data top
2 iii) Register key C
TN

B i) Hex code entry 3

3 ii) Retricre data from memory to top
TR iii) Register key B

F i) Hex key entry C

4 ii) Block search from byte
BLOC iii) Register key F

A i) Hex key entry 5

5 ii) Fill block of RAM memory with desired data
FILL iii) Register key A

L i) Hex key entry 6

6 ii) TN/Tl used for sending (or) receiving
SER iii) Register key H

H
7 i) Hex key entry 7
F2 ii) Register key H

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I i) Register key S
8 ii) Register key I
G0

PL i) Hex key entry A

9 ii) Function key F3
SNG iii) Register key ph

A i) Hex key entry y

PH ii) Signal step program (instruction by instruction)
F3

C i) Hex key entry c

SH ii) Much a block of memory from a linear block
MOV iii) Register key SH

i) Hex key D
ii) Compare 2 memory block
D
CMP

i) Hex key entry B

B ii) Check a block from flame
SL iii) Register key SPL
BC

E i) Hex key E
ii) Insert by test into memory (RAM)
INS

i) Hex key F
F ii) Delete byte from memory RAM
DEL

System Power Consumption

Micro BSEB2 MICRO SSEB
+5V @ 1Amp +5V@ 800 mA
+12V @ 200 mA
- 12V @ 100 mA

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Power Supply Specification

MICRO SSEM
230V, AC @ 80 Hz
+5V @ 600 mA

Key Function

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ICs Used
8085 - 8 bit p
8253 - programmable internal timer
8255 - programmable peripheral interface
8279 - programmable key boards / display interface
8251 - programmable communication interface
2764 - 8 KV VV EPROM
6264 - 8K STATIC PROM
7414 - Hex inverter
7432 - Quad 21/p OR GATE
7409 - Quad 21/p AND GATE
7400 - NAND Gate
7404 - Dual D-FF
74373 - Octal D Latch
74139 - Dual 2 to 4 line decoder
74138 - 3 to 8 line decoder

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In Enter Program into Trainer Kit

1. Press RESET key
2. Sub (key processor represent address field)
3. Enter the address (16 bit) and digit in hex
4. Press NEXT key
5. Enter the data
6. Again press NEXT
7. Again after taking the program, are use HLT instruction
its Hex code
8. Press NEXT

How to executive program

1. Press RESET
2. Press GO
3. Enter the address location in which line program was executed
4. Press Execute key

Result:
Thus 8085 microprocessor was studied successfully.

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ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

Aim:
To write an assembly language for adding two 8 bit numbers by using micro
processor kit.

Apparatus required:
8085 micro processor kit
(0-5V) DC battery

Algorithm:
Step 1 : Start the microprocessor
Step 2 : Intialize the carry as Zero
Step 3 : Load the first 8 bit data into the accumulator
Step 4 : Copy the contents of accumulator into the register B
Step 5 : Load the second 8 bit data into the accumulator.
Step 6 : Add the 2 - 8 bit datas and check for carry.
Step 7 : Jump on if no carry
Step 8 : Increment carry if there is
Step 9 : Store the added request in accumulator
Step 10 : More the carry value to accumulator
Step 11 : Store the carry value in accumulator
Step 12 : Stop the program execution.

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STAR
T

Intialise the carry as

zero

Load the 1st 8 bit number

Transfer the 1st number to register B

Load the 2nd 8 bit number

Transfer and Add the contents of A and B

No
Check
for
carry? Yes

Increment carry by
one
Store the added value in accumulator

Move the contents of carry into accumulator

Store the value of carry in accumulator

END

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Address Label Mnemonics Hex Code Comments

4100 MVI C,00 OE, 00 Initialize the carry as zero
4102 LDA 4300 3A, (00, 43) Load the first 8 bit data
4105 MOV, B,A 47 Copy the value of 8 bit data
into register B
4106 LDA 4301 3A, (01, 43) Load the second 8 bit data
into the accumulator
4109 ADD B 80 Add the hoo values
410A JNC D2, 0E, 41 Jump on if no carry
410D INR C OC If carry is there increment it
by one
410E Loop STA 4302 32 (02, 43) Stone the added value in the
accumulator
4111 MOV A,C 79 More the value of carry to
the accumulator from
register C
4112 STA 4303 32 (03, 43) Store the value of carry in
the accumulator
4115 HLT 76 Stop the program execution

Input
Without carry
Input Address Value
4300 04
4301 02
Output
Output Address Value
4302 06
4303 00 (carry)
With carry
Input Address Value
4300 FF
4301 FF

Output Address Value

4302 FE
4303 01 (carry)

Calculation 1111 1111

1111 1111
---------------
(1) 1111 1110
=========
F E

Result:
The assembly language program for 8 bit addition of two numbers was executed
successfully by using 8085 micro processing kit.

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SUBTRACTION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Aim:
To write a assembly language program for subtracting 2 bit (8) numbers by using-
8085 micro processor kit.

Apparatus required:
8085 micro processor kit
(0-5V) DC battery

Algorithm:
Step 1 : Start the microprocessor
Step 2 : Intialize the carry as Zero
Step 3 : Load the first 8 bit data into the accumulator
Step 4 : Copy the contents of contents into the register B
Step 5 : Load the second 8 bit data into the accumulator.
Step 6 : Subtract the 2 8 bit datas and check for borrow.
Step 7 : Jump on if no borrow
Step 8 : Increment borrow if there is
Step 9 : 2s compliment of accumulator is found out
Step 10 : Store the result in the accumulator
Step 11 : More the borrow value from c to accumulator
Step 12 : Store the borrow value in the accumulator
Step 13 : Stop program execution

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START

Intialise the borrow as zero

Load the 1st 8 bit number

Move the 1st 8 bit data to register B

Load the 2nd 8 bit number

Subtract the two values

No
Check
for
carry? Yes

Increment carry by one

1s compliment of 2nd value

Add 1 to 1s compliment for 2s compliment

Store the value of result in accumulator

Move the carry into the accumulator

Store the value of carry in accumulator

END

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Address Label Mnemonics Hex Code Comments

4100 MVI C,00 OE, 00 Initialize the carry as zero
4102 LDA 4300 3A, (00, 43) Load the first 8 bit data into the
accumulator
4105 MOV, B,A 47 Copy the value into register B
4106 LDA 4301 3A, (01, 43) Load the 2nd 8 bit data into
the
4109 SUB B 90 Subtract both the values
410A Loop INC D2, 0E, 41 Jump on if no borrow
410D INR C OC If borrow is there, increment it by
one
410E Loop CMA 2F Compliment of 2nd data
410F ADI, 01 6, 01 Add one to 1s compliment of 2nd
data
4111 STA 4302 32,02,43 Store the result in accumulator
4114 MOV A,C 79 Moul the value of borrow into the
accumulator
4115 STA 4303 32,03,43 Store the result in accumulator
4118 HLT 76 Stop Program execution

Input
Without borrow
Input Address Value
4300 05
4301 07
Output
Output Address Value
4302 02
4303 00 (borrow)
With carry borrow
Input Address Value
4300 07
4301 05

Output Address Value

4302 02
4303 01 (borrow)
Calculation 05 07
07 0111
CMA 1000
ADJ 0.1 0001
------
1001
05 - 0101
------
1110 (-2)
Result:
The assembly language program subtraction of two 8 bit numbers was executed
successfully by using 8085 micro processing kit.
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ADDITION OF TWO 16 BIT NUMBERS

Aim:
To write an assembly language program for adding two 16 bit numbers using 8085
micro processor kit.

Apparatus required:
8085 micro processor kit
(0-5V) DC battery

Algorithm:
Step 1 : Start the microprocessor
Step 2 : Get the 1st 8 bit in C register (LSB) and 2nd 8 bit in H
register (MSB) of 16 bit number.
Step 3 : Save the 1st 16 bit in DE register pair
Step 4 : Similarly get the 2nd 16 bit number and store it in HL register
pair.
Step 5 : Get the lower byte of 1st number into L register
Step 6 : Add it with lower byte of 2nd number
Step 7 : tore the result in L register
Step 8 : Get the higher byte of 1st number into accumulator
Step 9 : Add it with higher byte of 2nd number and carry of the lower
bit addition.
Step 10 : Store the result in H register
Step 11 : Store 16 bit addition value in HL register pair
Step 12 : Stop program execution

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START

C = 00H

Load HL with 1st Data

Transfer HL - DE

Load HL with 2nd Data

DE + HL = HL

If
Cy
=0

C = C + 01

Store HL in memory
(SUM)

Transfer C - A

Store A in memory (Cy)

STOP

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Address Label Mnemonics Hex Code Comments

4500 MVI C,00 0E C = 00H
4501 00
4502 LHLD 4800 2A HL 1st No.
4503 00
4504 48
4505 XCHG EB HL DE
4506 LHLD 4802 2A HL 2nd No.
4507 02
4508 48
4509 DAD D 19 Double addition DE +
HL
450A JNC Ahead D2 If Cy = 0, G0 to 450E
450E
450B 0E
450C 45
450D INR C 0C C = C + 01
450E AHEAD SHLD 4804 22 HL 4804 (sum)
450F 04
4510 48
4511 MOV C,A 79 Cy A
4512 STA 4806 32 Cy 4806
4513 06
4514 48
4515 HLT 76 Stop excution

Input
Without
Input Address Value
4800 01 (addend)
4801 04
4802 02 (augend)
4803 03 (augend)

Output
Output Address Value
4804 03 (sum)
4805 07 (sum)
4806 00 (carry)

Calculation 0000 0100 0000 0001

0000 0011 0000 0010
---------------------------------
0000 0111 0000 0011
0 7 0 3

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With carry
Input Address Value
4800 FF (addend)
4801 DE (addend)
4802 96 (augend)
4803 DF (augend)

Output Address Value

4804 95 (sum)
4805 BE (sum)
4806 01 (carry)

Calculation 1101 1110 1111 1111

1101 1111 1001 0101
---------------------------------
1011 1110 1001 0101
B E 9 5

Result:
The assembly language program for addition of two 16 bit numbers was executed
using 8085 micro processing kit.

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

MULTIPLICATION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Aim:
To write an assembly language for multiplying two 8 bit numbers by using 8085
micro processor kit.

Apparatus required:
8085 microprocessor kit
(0-5V) DC battery

Algorithm:
Step 1 : Start the microprocessor
Step 2 : Get the 1st 8 bit numbers
Step 3 : Move the 1st 8it number to register B
Step 4 : Get the 2nd 8 bit number
Step 5 : Move the 2nd 8 bit number to register C
Step 6 : Intialise the accumulator as zero
Step 7 : Intialise the carry as zero
Step 8 : Add both register B value as accumulator
Step 9 : Jump on if no carry
Step 10 : Increment carry by 1 if there is
Step 11 : Decrement the 2nd value and repeat from step 8, till the 2nd
value becomes zero.
Step 12 : Store the multiplied value in accumulator
Step 13 : Move the carry value to accumulator
Step 14 : Store the carry value in accumulator

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START

Get the 1st 8 bit number

Move it to register B

Get the 2nd 8 bit number

Intialize the accumulator as zero & carry as zero

Add the accumulator with 1st number

No
Check for
carry?

Yes
Increment carry

Decrement 2nd number

No 2nd Number

Yes

Store the value f carry in accumulator

END

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Address Label Mnemonics Hex Code Comments

4100 LDA 4500 3A, 00, 45 Load the first 8 bit number
4103 MOV B,A 47 Move the 1st 8 bit data
to
4104 LDA 4501 3A, 01, 45 Load the 2nd 16 it number
4107 MOV C,A 4F Move the 2nd 8 bit data
to
4108 MVI A, 00 3E, 00 Intialise the accumulator as
zero
410A MVI D, 00 16, 00 Intialise the carry as zero
410C ADD B 80 Add the contents of B and
accumulator
410D INC D2 11, 41 Jump if no carry
4110 INR D 14 Increment carry if there is
4111 DCR C OD Decrement the value C
4112 JNZ C2 0C, 41 Jump if number zero
4115 STA 4502 32 02, 45 Store the result in
accumulator
4118 MOV A,D 7A Move the carry into
accumulator
4119 STA 4503 32,03,45 Store the result in
accumulator
411C HLT 76 Stop the program execution

Input
Input Address Value
4500 04
4501 02

Output
Output Address Value
4502 08
4503 00

Result:
The assembly language program for multiplication of two 8 bit numbers was executed
using 8085 micro processing kit.

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DIVISION OF TWO 8 BIT NUMBERS

Aim:
To write an assembly language program for dividing two 8 bit numbers using
microprocessor kit.

Apparatus required:
8085 microprocessor kit
(0-5V) DC battery

Algorithm:
Step 1 : Start the microprocessor
Step 2 : Intialise the Quotient as zero
Step 3 : Load the 1st 8 bit data
Step 4 : Copy the contents of accumulator into register B
Step 5 : Load the 2nd 8 bit data
Step 6 : Compare both the values
Step 7 : Jump if divisor is greater than dividend
Step 8 : Subtract the dividend value by divisor value
Step 9 : Increment Quotient
Step 10 : Jump to step 7, till the dividend becomes zero
Step 11 : Store the result (Quotient) value in accumulator
Step 12 : Move the remainder value to accumulator
Step 13 : Store the result in accumulator
Step 14 : Stop the program execution

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START

Get the divided

Intialise the Quotient as zero

Get the divisor

Compare the dividend & divisor

Add the accumulator with 1st number

No
Check
for
carry?

Increment carry

Decrement 2nd number

Dividen
d

Yes
Store the Quotient in accumulator

Move the remainder to accumulator

Store the remainder in accumulator

END

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Address Label Mnemonics Hex Code Comments

4100 MVI C, 00 0E, 00 Intialise Quotient as zero
4102 LDA, 4500 3A 00, 45 Get the 1st data
4105 MOV B,A 47 Copy the 1st data
into
4106 LDA, 4501 3A 01, 45 Get the 2nd data
4109 CMP B B8 Compare the 2 values
410A JC (LDP) DA 12,41 Jump if dividend lesser than
divisor
410D Loop 2 SUB B 90 Subtract the 1st value by
2nd
410E INR C 0C Increment Quotient (410D)
410F JMP (LDP, 41) C3, 0D, 41 Jump to Loop 1 till the value
of dividend becomes zero
4112 Loop 1 STA 4502 32 02,45 Store the value in
accumulator
4115 MOV A,C 79 Move the value of remainder
to accumulator
4116 STA 4503 32 03,45 Store the remainder value in
accumulator
4119 HLT 76 Stop the program execution

Input
Input Address Value
4500 09
4501 02
Output
Output Address Value
4502 04 (quotient)
4503 01 (reminder)

1001
0010 I
------
0111
0010 II
------
0101
0010 III
------
0011
0010 IV
------
0001 carry
Quotient - 04
Carry - 01
Result:
The assembly language program for division of two 8 bit numbers was executed using
8085 micro processing kit.
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ASCENDING ORDER
Aim:
To write a program to sort given n numbers in ascending order

Apparatus required:
8085 microprocessor kit
(0-5V) DC battery

Algorithm:
Step 1 : Start the microprocessor
Step 2 : Accumulator is loaded with number of values to sorted and it is
saved
Step 3 : Decrement 8 register (N-1) Repetitions)
Step 4 : Set HL register pair as data array
Step 5 : Set C register as counter for (N-1) repetitions
Step 6 : Load a data of the array in accumulator
Step 7 : Compare the data pointed in HL pair
Step 8 : If the value of accumulator is smaller than memory, then jump
to step 10.
Step 9 : Otherwise exchange the contents of HL pair and accumulator
Step 10 : Decrement C register, if the of C is not zero go to step 6
Step 11 : Decrement B register, if value of B is not zero, go step 3
Step 12 : Stop the program execution

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

START

Load the count value in accumulator and save it in register B

Decrement B register (N-

1)
Load the starting address of array in HL

Decrement C register of array in HL

Increment the data pointer

Compare the data pointed by HL with A

No
Compa
re the
datas Yes Exchange the contents of
A<M memory pointer by HL

C=0? Increment carry by one

No

Yes
Decrement register B

No

B=0?
END

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Address Label Mnemonics Hex Code Comments

4100 LDA 4500 3A, 00,45 Load the number of values
4103 MOV B,A 47 Move it B register
4104 DCR B 05 For (N-1) comparisons
4105 Loop 3 LXI H, 4500 21, 00,45 Set the pointer for array
4108 MOV C,M 4E Count for (N-1) comparisons
4109 DCR C 0D For (N-1) comparisons
410A INX H 23 Increment pointer
410B Loop 2 MOV A,M 7E Get one data in array A
410C INX H 23 Increment pointer
410D CMP M BE Compare next with
accumulator
410E JC DA, 16, 41 If content less memory go
ahead
4111 MOV D,M 56 If it is greater than
interchange it
4112 MOV M,A 77 Memory content
4113 DCX H 2B Exchange the content of
memory pointed by HL by
previous location
4114 MOV M,D 72 One in by HL and previous
location
4115 INX H 23 Increment pointer
4116 Loop 1 DCR C 0D Decrement C register
4117 JNZ Loop 1 C2, 0B, 41 Repeat until C is zero
411A DCR B 05 Decrement in B values
411B JNZ Loop 2 C2, 05, 41 Repeat till B is zero
411E HLT 76 Stop the program execution

Input
Input Address Value
4500 04
4501 AB
4502 BC
4503 01
4504 0A

Output Address & Value

Output Address Value

4500 04
4501 01
4502 0A
4503 AB
4504 BC
Result:
The assembly language program for sorting numbers in ascending order was executed
by microprocessor kit.

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DESCENDING ORDER
Aim:
To write a program to sort given n numbers in descending order

Apparatus required:
8085 microprocessor kit
(0-5V) DC battery

Algorithm:
Step 1 : Start the microprocessor
Step 2 : Load the number of values into accumulator and save the
number of values in register B
Step 3 : Decrement register B for (N-1) Repetitions
Step 4 : Set HL register pair as data array address pointer and load the
data of array in accumulator
Step 5 : Set C register as counter for (N-1) repetitions
Step 6 : Increment HL pair (data address pointer)
Step 7 : Compare the data pointed by HL with accumulator
Step 8 : If the value of accumulator is larger than memory, then jump
to step 10, otherwise next step.
Step 9 : Exchange the contents of memory pointed by HL and
accumulator
Step 10 : Decrement C register, if the of C is not zero go to step 6,
otherwise next step.
Step 11 : Decrement B register, if B is not zero, go step 3, otherwise
next step.
Step 12 : Stop the program execution

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

START

Load the count value to accumulator

Save the value in B register

Decrement B register (N-

1)
Load the starting address of data array in HL pair

Using data pointer, load the count value in C

Decrement C register (counter for N-1)

Increment the data pointer HL with A

Compare the data pointed at HL with A

No

Exchange the contents

A<M

C=0? Decrement register C

Yes

Decrement register C
No

B=0?
Yes END
No

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Address Label Mnemonics Hex Code Comments

4100 LDA 4500 3A, 00,45 Load the number of values
in accumulator
4103 MOV B,A 47 Move it to B register
4104 DCR B 05 For (N-1) comparisons
4105 Loop 3 LXI H, 4500 21, 00,45 Set the pointer for array
4108 MOV C,M 4E Count for (N-1) comparisons
4109 DCR C 0D For (N-1) comparisons
410A INX H 23 Increment pointer
410B Loop 2 MOV A,M 7E Get one data from array
410C INX H 23 Increment pointer
410D CMP M BE Compare next with number
410E ICE, Loop 1 D2, 16,41 If content A is greater than
content of HL pair
4111 MOV D,M 56 If it is greater than
interchange the datas
4112 MOV M,A 77 Accumulator to memory
value
4113 DCX H 2B Decrement memory pointer
4114 MOV M,D 72 Move the old to HL and
previous location
4115 INX H 23 Increment pointer
4116 Loop 1 DCR C 0D Decrement C register
4117 JNZ Loop 2 C2, 0B, 41 Repeat till C is zero
411A DCR B 05 Decrement in B values
411B JNZ Loop 3 C2, 05, 41 Jump to loop till the value of
B be
411E HLT 76 Stop the program execution

Input
Input Address Value
4500 04
4501 AB
4502 BC
4503 01
4504 0A

Output Address & Value

Output Address Value
4500 04
4501 BC
4502 AB
4503 0A
4504 01
Result:
The assembly language program for sorting 4 numbers in descending order was
executed successfully using microprocessor kit.

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER

Aim:
To write an assembly language program to convert analog to digital signal and to
display it in 7 segment LED display

Apparatus required:
8085 microprocessor kit
(0-5V) power supply

Algorithm:
Step 1 : Access the channel of ADC
Step 2 : Intialise the accumulator with start of conversion signal &
output it to the ADC
Step 3 : Send 0 signal for ending the conversion for ADC
Step 4 : Get the analog value converted to display from ADC
Step 5 : The digital signal is separated into two nibbles and displayed in
hexadecimal from by calling service subroutine.
Step 6 : Go to step 1

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START

Load the control word necessary for generation of ALE signal to control register

Load the control word necessary to start the conversion to control register

Get the output port specified

If the
1st
LSB
bit=1?

Get accumulator output in port specified

Transfer accumulator content to B

Mask all MSR & Store memory in location

Mask all 4 LSB & store memory in location

Load accumulator with 03 & with 08

Load the pair with address of MSR

Call the service subroutine

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

Memory Hex Code Label Mnemonics Comments

Location Op code Operand
5000 3E,10 MVI A,10 Intialise a with 10
5002 D3,C OUT C8 Output channel through
5004 3E,18 MVI A,18 Intialise A with 18
5006 D3, C8 OUT C8 Output channel through
8 bit port
5008 00 NOP No operation
5009 00 NOP No operation
500A 3E,10 MVI A,10 Intialise A with 2nd
signal
500C D3,C8 OUT C8 Output channel through
8 bit port
500E 3E,01 L2 MVI A,01 Intialise A with 2nd
5010 D3,D0 OUT D0 Output through 8 bit
5012 00 NOP
5013 00 NOP
5014 00 NOP
5015 3E,00 MVI A,00
5017 D3,D0 OUT D0
5019 DB,D8 L1 IN D8
501B E6,01 ANI 01
501D CA,19,50 JZ L1
5020 DB,C0 IN C0 Get input from
5022 47 MOV B,A B -> A
5023 E6,0F ANI 0F And of with A
5025 32,51,51 STA 5151 Store in 5151
5028 78 MOV A,B B -> A
5029 E6,F0 ANI F0 And F0 with A
502B 0F RRC Rotate content A
502C 0F RRC
502E 0F RRC
502F 32,50,51 STA 550 Store MSB in 5150
5032 3E,03 MVI A,03 03 -> A
5034 0E,08 MVI C,08 08 -> C
5036 21,50,51 LXI H 5150 Load HL pair with
5150
5039 CD,05,00 CALL 0005 Call device subroutine
503C C3,0E,50 JMP 500E Jump to 500E

Result:
Thus the analog to digital conversion was done microprocessor.

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

DECIMAL ADDITION OF TWO 8-BIT NUMBERS

Aim: To write an assembly language program for decimal addition of two8-bit

numbers and sum is 8 bit.

Apparatus Required:
8085 Microprocessor Kit
Power
Chord

Algorithm:
Step 1: Initialise the memory location of first number in HL register pair.
Step 2: Load the first number in accumulator
Step 3: Increment the content of HL register pair to initialise the memory
location of second data
Step 4: Addition of the content of second memory location with first data
Step 5: Decimal adjustment of result
Step 6: Store the result in memory location 8002H

PROGRAM
Machine
Memory Codes Labels Mnemonics Operands Comments
address
8100 21, 50, 80 LXI H,8050 Load the address of first
number in H-L register
pair
8103 7E MOV A,M Store the first number in
accumulator
Increment H-L register
8104 23 INX H pair to
locate second number
8105 86 ADD M Addition of 1st and 2nd
number
8106 27 DAA Decimal Adjust
Store result in 8002H
8107 32, 02, 80 STA 8002 location
810A 76 HLT Halt

RESULT :
The decimal addition of two 8-bit numbers is performed using 8085 microprocessor
where sum is 8-bit.

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL CONVERSION:

AIM:
To write an assembly language program to convert hexadecimal to
decimal data using 8085-microprocessor kit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
8085 Microprocessor Kit
Power Chord

ALGORITHM:
Step1: Start the program.
Step2: Load data from memory to accumulator and move the data 00 to D and E
registers.
Step3: Compare the accumulator data with the data 64.
Step4: If carry=0 jump to Step 6 else jump to Step 5.
Step5: Jump to Step 10.
Step6: Subtract accumulator data by 64. Step7:
Increment the content of D register once.
Step8: If carry=0 jump to Step 6 else jump to Step 9.
Step9: Decrement the content of D register once and add data 64 with accumulator.
Step10: Subtract accumulator data by 0A and Increment E register content once.
Step11: If carry=0 jump to Step 10 and Decrement E register content once.
Step12: Add data 64 with accumulator and move it to C register.
Step13: Move E register content to accumulator.
Step14: Rotate the accumulator content 4 tines by left.
Step15: Add C register content with accumulator content.
Step16: Store data in accumulator pair to specified memory
Step17: Move D register content to accumulator
Step18: Store data in accumulator pair to specified memory.
Step19: End.

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

Mnemonics HEX Description

Memory Label
COD
Instruc E
tion Operand

4100 MVI E, 00H 1E Move data 00 to E register

4101 00
4102 MVI D, 00H 16 Move data 00 to D register
4103 00
4014 LDA 4200 3A Load data from memory to
4105 00 accumulator
4106 42
4107 CPI 64 FE Compare the accumulator data with
4108 64 the data 64
4109 JNC 410F D2 If carry=0 jump to specified memory
410A 0F
410B 41
410C JMP 4118 C3 Jump to specified memory
410D 18
410E 41
410F Loop1 SUI 64 D6 Subtract accumulator data by 64
4110 64
4111 INR D 14 Increment D register content once
4112 JNC 410F D2 If carry=0 jump to specified memory
4113 0F
4114 41
4115 DCR D 15 Decrement D register content once
4116 ADI 64 C6 Add data 64 with accumulator
4117 64
4118 Loop2 SUI 0A D6 Subtract accumulator data by 0A
4119 0A
411A INR E 1C Increment E register content once
411B JNC 4118 D2 If carry=0 jump to specified memory
411C 18

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

411D 41
411E DCR E 1D Decrement E register content once
`411F ADI 0A C6 Add data 64 with accumulator
4120 0A
Move accumulator content to C
4121 MOV C, A 4F register
Move E register content to
4122 MOV A, E 7B accumulator
4123 RLC 07
Rotate the accumulator content 4
4124 RLC 07 tines
4125 RLC 07 by left
4126 RLC 07
Add C register content with
accumulator
4127 ADD C 81
content
4128 STA 4500 32 Store data in accumulator pair to
4129 00 specified memory
412A 45
Move D register content to
412B MOV A, D 7A accumulator
412C STA 4501 32 Store data in accumulator pair to
412D 01 specified memory
412E 45
412F HLT 76 Halt

OUTPUT:

INPUT DATA: OUTPUT DATA:

4200: CE 4500: 06
4501: 02

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

FLOW CHART :

START

HL 8100H

A 00

B 00H

C 00H

B B+1

A A +1

Decimal adjust
accumulator

Is there
carry?

C C+1

D A, A
B

Is
A=M?

8101 A, A C
8102 A

Stop

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

DECIMAL TO HEXADECIMAL

AIM:

To convert a given decimal number to hexadecimal.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Initialize the memory location to the data pointer.

Step 2 : Increment B register.
Step 3 : Increment accumulator by 1 and adjust it to decimal every time.
Step 4 : Compare the given decimal number with accumulator value.
Step 5 : When both matches, the equivalent hexadecimal value is in B register.
Step 6 : Store the resultant in memory location.

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

FLOW CHART :

START

HL 4500H

A 00

B 00H

B B+1

A A +1

Decimal adjust
accumulator

Is
A=M?

A B

8101 A

Stop

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

ADDRESS OPC LABEL MNEM OPER COMMENTS

O ONICS AND
DE
8000 LXI H,8100 Initialize HL reg. to
8001 8100H
8002
8003 MVI A,00 Initialize A register.
8004
8005 MVI B,00 Initialize B register..
8006
8007 LOOP INR B Increment B reg.
8008 ADI 01 Increment A reg
8009
800A DAA Decimal Adjust Accumulator
800B CMP M Compare M & A
800C JNZ LOOP If acc and given number are
800D not equal, then go to LOOP
800E
800F MOV A,B Transfer B reg to acc.
8010 STA 8101 Store the result in a memory
8011 location.
8012
8013 HLT Stop the program

INPUT OUTPUT

ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA

8100 8101

RESULT:

Thus an assembly language program to convert hexadecimal to

decimal and decimal to hexadecimal datas was written and executed using
8085-microprocessor kit.

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER

AIM:

To write a program fro inter facing stepper motor and to run the motor in
different directions and in different speeds.

ALGORITHM:

Step1: Start the program.

Step2: Load HL register pair with memory address at look up.
Step3: Move the contents of HL pair to accumulator.
Step4: Out the contents of accumulator to run the motor.
Step5: Decrease b register. If register content is not zero then rotate the motor
continuously.
Step6: If zero then move to the Seginning of the program.
Step7: Stop the process.

THEORY:

STEPPER MOTOR:
A motor in which the rotor is able to assume only discrete stationary angular
position is a Stepper Motor. The rotary motion in a stepper motor is a stepwise
manner from one equilibrium position to another.

CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES:
A stepper motor could be either of the reluctance type or of the permanent magnet
type (PM). A PM stepper consists of multiphase stator and two part permanent
magnet rotor. The VR stepper motor has unmagnetised rotor. PM stepper motor is the
most commonly used type. The basic two phase stepper motor consists of two pairs of
stator poles. Each of the four poles has its own winding. The excitation of any
winding generates a north pole (N), a south pole (S) gets induced at the diametrically
opposite side.

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 MT6411 - Microprocessor Laboratory

As shown in the figure the four pole structure is continuous with the stator
frame and the magnetic field passes through the cylindrical stator annular ring. The
rotor magnetic system has two end faces. The left face is permanently magnetized as
South Pole and their right face as North Pole. The South Pole structure and the North
Pole structure posses similar pole faces. The north pole structure is twisted with
respect to the south pole structure by one pole pitch.

Stepper Motor Cross-sectional View

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In an arrangement where four stator poles and three poles of rotor poles, there exists 12 possible
positions in which a south pole of the rotor can lock with a north pole of the stator. From this it
can be rotated that the step size is
360o
=
Ns*Nr
where, Ns is the number of stator pole pairs Nr is the
number of pairs rotor pole
Generally step size of the stepper motor depends upon NR. These stable positions can be
attained by simply energizing the winding on any one of the stator poles with a DC. There are
three different schemes available for stepping a stepper motor. They are,
a) Wave Scheme
b) 2-Phase scheme
c) Half stepping or mixed scheme

2-PHASE SCHEME:
In this scheme any two adjacent stator windings are energized. There are two magnetic
fields active in quadrature and none of the rotor pole faces can in direct alignment with the
stator poles. A partial but symmetric alignment of the rotor poles is of course possible.
Typical equilibrium conditions of the rotor when the windings on two successive stator
poles are excited are illustrated. In Step (a) A1 and B1 are energized. The pole-face S1 tries to
align itself with the axis of A1 (N) and the pole-face S2 with B1 (N). The North Pole N3 of the
rotor finds itself in neutral zone between A1 (N) and B1 (N). S1 and S2 of the rotor position
themselves symmetrically with respect to the two stator north pole.

46
 Next when B1 and A2 are energized S2 tends to align with B1 (N) and S3 with A2 (N)
of course. Again under equilibrium conditions only partial alignment is possible and N1 finds
itself in the neutral region midway between B1 (N) and A2 (N) [Step (b)]. In Step (c), A2(N)
and B2(N), respectively, with N2 in the neutral zone. Step (d) illustrates the case when A1 and
B2 are ON.
The step angle is 30 as in the two phases scheme. However the rotor is offset by 15 in
the two phases scheme with respect to the wave scheme. A total of 12 steps are required to
move the rotor by 360 (mechanical) Two Phases drives produce more torque than the wave
drives.
LOOK UP TABLE

Anticlockwise Clockwise

Step A1 A2 B1 B2 A1 A2 B1 B2

1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

2 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0

3 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1

4 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1

Mnemonics HEX Description

Memory Label COD
Instruc E
tion Operand

H, LOOK
4100 START: LXI UP 21 Load HL pair with memory address
4101 1A at Look Up
4102 41
4103 MVI B,04 06 Move immediate the given data
4014 04 to B register
4105 REPT: MOV A,M 7E Move content of memory to Acc.
4106 MOV [2000], AX 03 Out the content of Accumulator
4107 C0 to C0 port address
4108 LXI D, 0303H 11 Load the data 0303H to D register
4109 03
410A 03
410B DELAY: NOP 00 Perform No operation

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 410C DCX D 1B Decrement address of DE pair once
410D MOV A,E 7B Move E register content to Acc.
410E ORA D B2 Perform OR operation With Acc.
410F JNZ 410B C2 Jump on no zero to the
4110 0B instruction at specified memory

4111 41 Address
4112 INX H 23 Increment HL pair address once
4113 DCR B 05 Decrement B register content once
4114 JNZ C2 Jump on no zero to the
4115 05 instruction at specified memory
4116 41 Address
4117 JMP START C3 Jump to the instruction at
4118 00 specified memory
4119 41
411A LOOK UP 09 Data will be stored in the location
05
06
04

RESULT:
Thus the stepper motor is rotated by varying the speed using COUNT operation and
its direction is also changed using program written and executed using 8085 micro
processor kit.

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