International Journal of Applied Theoretical Science and Technology

Volume 2, Issue 6, pp1103-1106, March 2016

LabVIEW Based PID Design Method For DC Motor Position.

Dr. V.Balaji,1, E.Maheswari2
1
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia.
2
Department of EEE, Sri Sairam Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.

Abstract :- Proportional-Integral-Derivative
(PID) control is the commonly used control
algorithm used in industry and it has been
accepted universally .The analysis is about
developing a Proportional Integral Derivative
(PID) design method for Dc motor position
.LabVIEW 2011 is used for designing the controller.
The novel approach of this paper is Hybrid graphical
/Math script approach is adopted. To obtain the value which are varied to get optimal response. P depends
on the present error, I on the accumulation of past
for Kp, Ki and Kd Trial and Error and Ziegler Nichols
error, and D is a prediction of future error, based on
method is used .This paper presents the different current rate of change .The weighted sum of these
controller strategies and the response to step three actions is used to adjust the process via a
disturbance for P,PI, PD,PID in NI LabVIEW control element such as the position of a control
software. valve, or power supplied to a heating element.

Keywords: DC Position control, LabVIEW, PID Fig. 1: Block diagram of PID controller.

, Steady state error, Rise time, Ziegler Nichols Y(t) = e(t) Kp + KI 0t e(t) dt + KD de(t) /dt
tuning methodINTRODUCTION Equation shows the output of the PID controller.
Position control of DC Motor plays a vital role in Where e = Error signal
many of the applications. In this work, we will be KP = Proportional Constant
controlling the position of the motor using the KI = Integral Constant
LabVIEW. By adopting the LabVIEW aided PID KD = Derivative Constant
controller, the parameters are adjusted to the motor.
The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller II PROCESS OF PROJECT
is the most common form of feedback used in the
control systems. The popularity of PID controllers The schematic diagram of the system is shown in the
can be attributed partly to their robust performance in fig2. With a 1 rad/sec step reference , the design
a wide range of operating conditions and partly to criteria are
their functional simplicity, which allows engineers to Settling time less than 0.04 seconds
operate them in a simple, straight forward manner. It Overshoot less than 16%
can be used for various Industrial applications. As the No steady state error
name suggests, PID algorithm consists of three basic No steady state error due to disturbance.
coefficients; proportional, integral and derivative

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 International Journal of Applied Theoretical Science and Technology
Volume 2, Issue 6, pp1103-1102, March 2016

I. TUNING METHODS OF PID IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CONTROLLER
Initially all the different control strategies are
implemented in the front panel of Labview and the
In industrial PID controlled process, two controller is tuned for step input and step disturbance.
straightforward Manual Tuning procedures [4], [10]
to tune a PID-controlled are widely used to get the
1. Controller model response for
response that is fairly close to optimum settings in
most cases that is

Trial and Error Method.

Ziegler- Nichols Method.

II. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE

PROJECT
Proportional control :
Block diagram for PID Controller with motor is
implemented with LABVIEW Control Design
Toolkit is shown in fig2. Fig 3 : Response to Step Input, Kp = 1.9

Fig 4 : Response to Step Disturbance, Kp = 1.9

From the above fig we analysis that the steady state

error looks fine. The settling time is too large and
steady state error to a disturbance is large.

2.Controller model response for Proportional

and Integral control:

Fig 2 : Block Diagram For PID Controller.

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 International Journal of Applied Theoretical Science and Technology
Volume 2, Issue 6, pp1103-1102, March 2016

The response is faster than before, but the large Ki has

Fig 5 : Response to Step Input, Kp = 1.9 and Ki = 20 introduced the big overshoot. We will try to reduce the
overshoot by adding the derivative control.

3. Controller model response for PID Control

Fig 6 : Response to Step Disturbance, Kp = 1.9 and

Ki = 20

From the above figure we see that the steady state

Fig 9: Response to Step Input , Kp = 17 and Ki = 200,
error to Zero. The settling time is too long. In order
Kd = 0.15
to increase the response we can to tune the gain.
Change the Kp = 17 and ki = 200. The responses are
shown in figure 7 and 8.

Fig 10: Response to Step Disturbance, Kp = 17 and

Ki = 200, Kd = 0.15
Fig 7 : Response to Step Input, Kp = 17 and Ki = 200
From the above figure the step response looks really
good. It has less than 16% overshoot, the settling
time is roughly 40ms, and there is no steady state
error. But the step disturbance is so slow. So we
increase Ki = 600 to speed up the disturbance.

Fig 8 : Response to Step Disturbance, Kp = 17 and Ki Fig 11: Response to Step Input, Kp = 17 and Ki =
= 200 600, Kd = 0.15

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 International Journal of Applied Theoretical Science and Technology
Volume 2, Issue 6, pp1103-1102, March 2016

[3] Ang, K.H., Chong G. LI, Yun PID

ControSystemAnalysis, Design, and Technology,
In:IEEE Transactions on Control Systems
Technology, vol. 13, no.4, july, 2005.

[4] strm, K. J. , Hgglund, T. (1995) PID

Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning, 2nd
Edition ISBN 978-1-55617-516-9.

[5] Ogata, K. (2009) Modern Control Engineering,

912p., 5nd. Edition, Prentice Hall.

[6] Yurkevich, V. D. (2011) Advances in

PIDControl, InTech.

Fig 12: Response to Step Input, Kp = 17 and Ki = [7] Barry E. Paton 1999, LabVIEW Graphical
600, Kd = 0.15 Programming for Instrumentation. Prentice Hall,
From the above figure we see that a settling time of New Jersey , U.S.A.
roughly 40ms, it has less overshoot compared to
previous values. For both the cases steady error is [8] G. K. I. Mann, B. G. Hu, and R. G. Gosine,
zero. Time-domain based design and analysis of new
PID tuning rules, Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. Control
Theory and Applications, vol. 148, no. 3, pp. 251
v. CONLUSIONS 261, 2001.
Adopting the tuning methods for the PID control
Algorithm based DC motor position control. Initially
[9] S. Skoczowski, Design of a robust PID
the set point value is adjusted with proportional
controller for time lag processes of nth order with
control action only. Similarly several values of
time delay, in Proc. AUROMECON, Poland, 2002,
integral and derivative control actions are adjusted
pp. 4045.
until we get the less overshoot and steady state error
zero. We got the tuned PID parameters are KP = 17 ,
[10] J. G. Ziegler and N. B. Nichols: Optimum
Ki = 600 and Kd = 0.15. This paper presents an easy
Settings for Automatic Controllers, Trans. ASME,
approach to implement the motor position PID
Vol.64,1942,s.759-76
controller.

REFERENCES

[1] National Instruments 2010, LabVIEW Basic

Introduction , Course Manual.

[2] Ho, W. K., Hang C. C. & Cao L. S., Tuning of

PID controllers based on gain and phase margin
specifications. Automatica, 31(3)(1995),497-502.

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