The Sun Shadow Positioning: Limengchen

2nd Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry Applications (WARTIA 2016)
The sun shadow positioning

Limengchen
School of The North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071000,China
1491239082@qq.com
Keywards: The sun's shadow,The geographical location,Genetic algorithm.
Abstract. In view of the problem, To study the curve of the solar shadow over time, the first step is
to set each parameter, establishing a mathematical model of the change in length of the shadow,
according to the longitude and the time difference work out the real solar time and the solar hour
angle are, according to the date and reach the solar declination angle, combining the latitudesolar
declination anglethe solar hour angle to calculate the solar zenith angle, then the length of the sun
shadow is obtained by the known rod length, and the change curve of the shadow length with time
is drawn by MATLAB.
1.Introduction
Shadow length changes of the mathematical model of the shadow length about the change rule
of each parameter, and establish the model of application you draw on October 22, 2015, Beijing
time between 9:00-15:00 Tian'anmen Square (54 minutes and 26 seconds, 39 degrees north latitude
23 minutes 29 seconds 116 degrees east longitude) length of 3 meters tall straight rod of the sun's
shadow change curve.
2. Models for the length of the shadow

2.1 Symbols,Definitions &Assumptions
Symbols&Definitions
Symbols Definitions
H The length of the rods
The length of the straight rod sun
l
shadow
Solar hour angle
Solar Declination Angle
h Solar zenith angle
ST True solar time
T Beijing time at a certain time
Longitude
Latitude
Et Time differencemin
Day Angle
N Ahargana
t =
t N N0
Year Year
Solar azimuth
2016. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 1053

Assumptions
(1) The earth is a regular sphere;
(2) We suppose the sun's rays is completely parallel;
(3) We assume that the ground of the shadow is completely level;
(4) We assume the sun declination angle is constant throughout the day;
(5) Common year is 365 days, leap year is 366 days;
2.2 Model construction for the shadow length change
(1) Calculating the solar zenith angle
Solar zenith angle refers to the incident direction of the sun and the angle between the ground
plane, Professionally speaking, the solar zenith angle is the angle between the sun and the earth's
surface, which is connected with the inner earth through the earth's surface.
According to the analysis, in a certain place A, at local accurate time noon twelve o 'clock, the
sun shone directly on the place,assuming that the earth is a regular sphere.
Make a brief as follows:
Figure 1 Diagram of a point A in earth's surface at noon

Using the geometric theorem can easily infer h = 90 that is when the sun at the zenith,
the solar zenith angle is the latitude minus the solar declination angle after complement.
To derive the solar zenith angle h of any moment in a day as follows:
Figure 2 Calculation of the solar zenith angle at any moment

In the spherical triangle ABC, the cosine formula for the example of B side is:
= cos b cos a cos c + sin a sin c cos B 1
The other sides of the corner with the corresponding substitution.Thus infer formula the solar
zenith angle at any time:
=
cos(90h) cos(90 ) cos(90 ) + sin(90 ) sin(90 ) cos 2
The reduction is as follows:
= sinh sin sin + cos cos cos 3
In the formula, h represents the solar zenith angle , indicates the solar hour angle,
indicates solar declination angle , and represents the local geographic latitude.
Special case: at noon at local time, = 0 , in formula(3) ,the value of cos is 1, the calculating
formula of Angle of the sun at this time as follows:
= sinh sin sin + cos cos 4
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h = 90 5
(2) Calculating the solar hour angle
Solar hour angle means the hour angel of surface center,namely the angular distance from the point
of observation celestial meridian along the celestial equator to the sun.
Calculation formula is:
=15 ( ST 12) (6)
ST =
T+
( 120 ) + Et

7
15
0.0028 1.9857 sin + 9.9059sin 2 7.0924 cos 0.6882 cos 2
Et = 8
= 2 t 365.2422 9
=t N N0 (10)
(Year1985 )
N 0 = 79.6764 + 0.2422 (Year
1985 ) INT (11
4
(3) Calculating the solar declination angle
Ed = 0.3723 + 23.2567 sin + 0.1149sin 2 0.1712sin 3 0.758cos
12
+0.3656 cos 2 + 0.0201cos 3
(4) Calculating the solar azimuth
The solar azimuth is the angle between the projection and the south,which is expressed by ,the
calculation formula is as follows:
cos sin
cos = 13
cosh
(5) Description of the change curve of the solar shadow length of the straight bar
Simple changes can be inferred straight sun shadow is a curve, draw the day the sun shadow change
chart bar are as follows:
Figure 3 The variation of the sun's shadow over the course of a day.
According to the geometric theorem,The length of the straight rod sun shadow l can be calculated:
H
l= 14
tanh
Combined with the above formula can come to the sun's shadow on the parameters of the function.
2.3 Result and analysis
By using the software of MATLAB with the exist data ,the function of the length of the sun shadow
of a straight rod as a function of time is as follows:
l= 3
(0.0643 + 0.9232 cos(0.78 + (t 9) ))
12 15
1 (0.0643 + 0.9232 cos(0.78 + (t 9) ))
12
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Figure 4 Straight rod length of the sun shadow along with the change of time curve
At the low end of the straight rod as the origin, to the south for the X axis, the East is the Y axis,The
trajectory of the shadow vertex is obtained:
Figure 5 The sun's shadow vertex of the trajectory
Reference
[1] Liu Xuefu, basic astronomy, higher education press, 2004.7
[2] Wang Shuiping genetic algorithm theory, application and software, Xi'an Jiao Tong University,
2002.1
[3] Zhuo Jinwu, Li Biwen, application of MATLAB in mathematical modeling ,second ed., Beihang
University press, 2014.9
[4] Jiang Qiyuan, mathematical model (Fourth Edition), higher education press, 2011.7.28
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2nd Workshop on Advanced Research and Technology in Industry Applications (WARTIA 2016)

The sun shadow positioning

Keywards: The sun's shadow,The geographical location,Genetic algorithm.

2. Models for the length of the shadow

2016. The authors - Published by Atlantis Press 1053

Figure 1 Diagram of a point A in earth's surface at noon

Figure 2 Calculation of the solar zenith angle at any moment

Figure 5 The sun's shadow vertex of the trajectory

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