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    Kingdom of Life

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    Yamu Hiadeen
    The document discusses ecosystems and the three kingdoms of life - Monera, Protista, and Plantae, Fungi, Animalia. It introduces the six components and six processes that characterize ecosystems. Key abiotic and biotic components interact and influence each other. While some substances are found only in living or nonliving forms, many elements cycle between the two. This functional classification forms the basis of the three kingdoms - producers that carry out photosynthesis, macroconsumers that prey on other organisms, and microconsumers that break down organic matter. Ecological pyramids illustrate the trophic structure of producer and consumer arrangements in an ecosystem over space and time.

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    Kingdom of Life

    Uploaded by

    Yamu Hiadeen
    72 views4 pages
    The document discusses ecosystems and the three kingdoms of life - Monera, Protista, and Plantae, Fungi, Animalia. It introduces the six components and six processes that characterize ecosystems. Key abiotic and biotic components interact and influence each other. While some substances are found only in living or nonliving forms, many elements cycle between the two. This functional classification forms the basis of the three kingdoms - producers that carry out photosynthesis, macroconsumers that prey on other organisms, and microconsumers that break down organic matter. Ecological pyramids illustrate the trophic structure of producer and consumer arrangements in an ecosystem over space and time.

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    Kingdom Life

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    The document discusses ecosystems and the three kingdoms of life - Monera, Protista, and Plantae, Fungi, Animalia. It introduces the six components and six processes that characterize ecosystems. Key abiotic and biotic components interact and influence each other. While some substances are found only in living or nonliving forms, many elements cycle between the two. This functional classification forms the basis of the three kingdoms - producers that carry out photosynthesis, macroconsumers that prey on other organisms, and microconsumers that break down organic matter. Ecological pyramids illustrate the trophic structure of producer and consumer arrangements in an ecosystem over space and time.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    72 views4 pages

    Kingdom of Life

    Uploaded by

    Yamu Hiadeen
    The document discusses ecosystems and the three kingdoms of life - Monera, Protista, and Plantae, Fungi, Animalia. It introduces the six components and six processes that characterize ecosystems. Key abiotic and biotic components interact and influence each other. While some substances are found only in living or nonliving forms, many elements cycle between the two. This functional classification forms the basis of the three kingdoms - producers that carry out photosynthesis, macroconsumers that prey on other organisms, and microconsumers that break down organic matter. Ecological pyramids illustrate the trophic structure of producer and consumer arrangements in an ecosystem over space and time.

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    Kingdom of life

    Ecosystem - Basic functional unit of ecosystem

    - 6 components -6 process
    - Inorganic substance - Energy circuit
    - Organic substance - Food Chain
    - Climate regime - Diversity Pattern in Space
    - Producers - Nutrient Cycle
    - Macroconsumers (Phagotrophs) - Development and evolution
    - Microconsumers (Saprotrophs) - Control (Cybernatics)

    Characterized as structure Characterized as Function

    The ultimate goal of study at any level of biological organization is to introduce


    the interrelationship between structure and function of ecosystem

    - At operational level abiotic components limits and control the biotic components
    - High availability of food attracts more birds
    - Animal diversity is more in nutrient rich layer of any
    ecosystem

    - In natural fabric it is hard to delineate abiotic and biotic components. Hence


    classification of ecosystem on functional basis do not make sharp distinction
    between abiotic and biotic components.

    - Most of the vital elements such as C, H, N, O, P, S etc. and organic material such
    as charbohydrate, protein, lipids, humic substances are present in both living and
    nonliving.
    - They are in constant state of flux
    - However some substances are unique to one state or other
    Eg. ATP (Adinosine triphosphate) is found only inside living cell. (present
    outside only in transitory phase)
    Humic substances a product of decomposition and resistant in nature -
    never found inside living cell but are important for survival of the
    ecosystem.

    DNA Genetic material and Chlorophyll both are present in both inside
    living cell and outside living cell. But they are nonfunctional outside living cell.

    The quantitative measurement of ATP, HUMUS and Chlorophyll on an area or


    volume basis provides indices of biomass, decomposition and production,
    respectively.

    The 3 living / biotic component of ecosystem leads to the formation of 3


    functional kingdom of nature.
    This classification is on the basis of types of nutrition and energy sources used.
    Producers(autotrophs), macroconsumers (phagotrophs) and Microconsumers
    (saprotrophs/ osmotrophs).

    Whittaker (1969) proposed to join the ecological evolution into the natural
    clasification

    In
    Monera prokaryote (False nucleus)
    Protista Eukaryote (True Nucleus)

    All three types of nutrition is found.


    Small in size
    High rate of metabolism
    They were studied biochemically than direct method
    Plantae
    Fungi
    Animalia

    Specialized as producers, Decomposers and digester, respectively.


    But classification is not absolute. Some organism take intermediate positions

    These three are

    Large living beings


    Morphologically adapt to
    Food seeking
    Well developed neuro-sensory motors
    Digestive respiration
    Circulatory system

    Monera bacteria, blue green algae or cynobacteria


    Protista protozoa, amoeba, sporozoa, ciliophora, sarcodina
    Plantae thallophyta (algae),
    Bryophyta (fungi),
    pteridophyta, (circulatory system develops here)
    gymnosperm, (non flwering plant)
    Angiosperm (flowering plant)
    Animalia Sponges
    Cnideria tissue grade
    Platyhelminthis
    Ashelmenthis
    Anelida
    Arthropoda
    Mollusca
    Echinodermata
    Pices
    Amphibia
    Reptilia Birds mammals
    Ecological pyramids

    Trophic structure is one of producer consumer arrangement develop due to space


    and time variations in production and consumption

    Trophic level means food levels. The amount of food / living material available
    in any trophic level is called as crop.

    Pyramids is the representation of trophic levels in any ecosystem

    Pyramids of number -
    Pyramid of biomass-
    Pyramids of energy-

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