Hydraulic Structures II Examples
Hydraulic Structures II Examples
Hydraulic Structures II Examples
1
A
Q
67.82m 2 A y B my B
A my
V y
A A 68.72
R P 53.40m P B 2 y m 2 1 B P 2 y m 2 1
P R 1.27
B
A my P 2 y m 2 1 68.72 0.5 y 53.40 2 y 0.52 1
y y
by trail and error method y 1.33m and B 50m
5) Draw expected velocity profile, sediment concentration, and sediment load profile diagrams for a given
stream section.
6) Determine the concentration of suspended load at 1.3m above the channel bed if the concentration at
0.3m above the bed is 300ppm. Take R = 3m, w = 0.03m/s, S 0 = 0.0002 and d = 4m.
V* gRS 0 0.077 m / s
Take Van Korman Constant k = 0.4 (Commonly referred from table)
Where w is fall velocity
C d y a kV*
C a y d a
0.03
C1.3m 4 1.3 0.3 0.40.077
0.176
300 ppm 1.3 4 0.3
C1.3m 0.176 300 ppm 52.86 ppm
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7) Write short notes on the following
a) Bottom Sills
It is subsurface dams that are built across a stream bed to facilitate the bed slope to be
done by the river itself. It is used when small check dams are not acceptable.
b) Check dams
It is a weir like structures/low dams that will be built across a stream bed to facilitate bed
slope reduction
c) Dominant discharge
It is a discharge that govern the long term behavior of an alluvial channel. It is an average
discharge for which the channel to be in equilibrium. It is 1.5-2year return flood in humid
regions and 5-10years return flood in arid region
It is a discharge used as a guideline to predict, design river channel & to design
protection works
d) Revetments
It is a structures constructed on sloping soil bank to protect & stabilize their surface
against erosion by waves, currents & groundwater flows. Example riprap, mattress,
gabions, grouted lining, grouted rocks, etc…
e) Spur
It is low dykes that are constructed more or less perpendicular to the channel banks with
a view to stabilize the channel alignment. They are river training works, and their main
purpose is to reduce the net width of the channel so that depth of next cross section
area will increase.
8) A rectangular channel with protected sides is carrying a discharge of 3m3/s. The channel is constructed
in coarse alluvium gravel of size 42mm and laid at a slope of 0.009m/m. What is the minimum width to
be provided? Compare critical shear stress using shield equation and Mittal & Swamee’s equation?
As material is coarse, Strickler’s equation is used for computing Manning’s n
d 1/ 6 0.0421 / 6
n 0.025
24 24
d 0.042
From Shield’s Equation R 0.424
11 S 0 11 0.009
Taking R equal to the depth of flow in a rectangular channel (i.e. wide channel)
Q
Q B y V B R V B
R V
From Manning’s Equation flow velocity will be
1 1/ 2 1
V R 2 / 3 S0 0.424 2 / 3 0.009 2.14m / s
n 0.025
3
B 3.3m
0.424 2.14
Shield’s Equation gives
C 0.056d S S 1 38 N / m 2
Mittal & Swamee’s Equation gives
3
c 0.155
0.409 422
40.92N / m2
1 0.177 42 2