US007548442B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.2 US 7,548,442 B2

Chou (45) Date of Patent: Jun. 16, 2009

(54) POWER CONVERTER WITH COUPLED (56) References Cited

INDUCTOR U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

(76) Inventor: Ming-ChingChou,11F-3,N0-8, 6,256,214 B1* 7/2001 Farrington etal. ........ .. 363/127
wén-shan Nan-T1111 Dist-s 6,507,174 B1* 1/2003 Qian ........................ .. 323/222
Talchung'clty (TW) 7,068,020 B2* 6/2006 Inagawa e161. ........... .. 323/282

(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this

patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.C. 154(b) by 227 days. * Cited by examiner
(21) Appl. No.: 11/369,825 Primary ExamineriAkm E Ullah
Assistant ExamineriHarry Behm
(22) Filed: Mar. 8, 2006 (74) Attorney, Agent, or FirmiRosenberg, Klein & Lee

(65) Prior Publication Data (57) ABSTRACT

US 2007/0210765 A1 Sep. 13, 2007
A power converter has simple coupled inductor circuit pro
51 I t. C].
( ) G1105F 1/59 (2006 01) cess the poWer and drive the semiconductor sWitch perfectly
(52) U 5 Cl 3632127 363/21 06_ 323/282 to reduce the poWer loss and eliminate the needs of high
I I I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ii ’ i ’ 323/223’ circuit complexity controller, improve the conversion e?i

(58) Field of Classi?cation Search 363/21 04 ciency and reduce the component counts to reach loW cost and
363/2106, 127, 20, 21.05, 56.12, 77, 78, hlgh rehablhty 2“ one “me
363/84, 88, 125; 323/282, 222, 223
See application ?le for complete search history. 17 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets

SFW LFW
+ T 1
‘1- NFL I
’ SFL
V1
"r PWM Co -r— RL

_ D LFL
.
US. Patent Jun. 16, 2009 Sheet 1 of9 US 7,548,442 B2

SFW LO

7-: PWM I SFL 00 RL

F lG-1 a
PRIOR ART

v.
Vds(5FW)
I]

VI
Vds-(sF L)
U
in [
imssrw)
I]

'0
‘man;
0

ON L_
VMSFV‘O
OFF

ON
VQKSF L)
OFF I I

'1 s,.,=or4 T s,,=0N .

Dead Dead Dead
Time Time Time

F \G-1 b
PRIOR ART
US. Patent Jun. 16, 2009 Sheet 3 0f 9 US 7,548,442 B2

SFW LFW
m
M r-———
._.| P- N

J.“ FL
"r PWM
US. Patent Jun. 16, 2009 Sheet 4 0f 9 US 7,548,442 B2

t 8

ID '- FL

VI
:- PWM Co :: RL

| 4- 8n
T- NFL '
 US 7,548,442 B2
1 2
POWER CONVERTER WITH COUPLED The SR-ForWard converter reduce the poWer loss With
INDUCTOR minimum circuit complexity of controller, it take advantage
from synchronous recti?er circuit to reach high ef?ciency just
FIELD OF THE INVENTION like most topologies. HoWever, the ?y-Wheeling sWitch SFL
Will be turned OFF due to the reset voltage drop to Zero before
The present invention relates to DC-to-DC converters, AC primary sWitch SP turned ON, it cause extra poWer loss due to
to-DC converters. The major characteristic of this converter is loW speed high voltage drop body diode conduct the load
that transfer energy from input to output With high e?iciency current limit the input voltage range for e?icient operation.
and loW cost.
What is the best poWer conversion technology? Higher
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION e?iciency, less circuit complexity of converter and Wide range
operation are the most important demands of poWer conver
In the ?eld of poWer conversion technology, increasing the sion technology.
conversion e?iciency and improve the reliability are the most
important demands. Basically, conventional buck converter SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
technology is desirable as it transfers the poWer from input to
output With controlled function. HoWever, the ef?ciency of The invention utiliZes a poWer converter With neW circuit
conventional buck converter is limited at 90% maximum due concept to enhance the performance and reduce the circuit
to the poWer loss of ?y-Wheeling diode is proportioned With complexity at once. Brie?y, this circuit consists of a coupled
its junction voltage drop that dominate the total poWer loss. In 20 inductor, a forWard sWitch and a ?y-Wheeling sWitch. The
order to overcome limitations in poWer loss and heat, the prior coupled inductor provides tWo paths for carry the load current
art has been devised the synchronous recti?cation technol during different operation stage. The forWard sWitch provides
ogy. a path to transfer the energy from input voltage source
FIG. 1a shoWs the synchronous recti?cation buck con through the ?rst Winding of the coupled inductor to the load
ver‘ter named as SR-Buck converter beloW. The SR-Buck 25 When it is turned ON, the ?y-Wheeling sWitch provides a path
converter has been derived from conventional buck converter to discharge the energy stored in the coupled inductor through
by using the semiconductor sWitch such as MOSFET to the second inductor Winding of the coupled inductor to the
replace ?y-Wheeling diode. The forWard sWitch SFWis drive load When forWard sWitch is turned OFF.
by a PWM signal for turned ON and turned OFF periodically The neW circuit provides optimal performance for buck
to transfer the energy from input voltage source VI through 30
derived poWer converters: It improve the input voltage range
inductor L0 to smooth capacitor C0 and load RL. The ?y for e?icient operation, as it eliminate the body diode conduct
Wheeling sWitch SH is also drive by a PWM signal that stage; It simpli?es converter construction, as it can be imple
complementary With the drive signal of forWard sWitch SPW mented Without extra control circuits; It is Worked Well and do
for turned ON and OFF periodically to discharge the stored not require any additional devices, as it can be Widely used
energy of inductor L0 to the smooth capacitor C O and load RL. 35 With loW cost.
A small period of dead time betWeen the turn ON time of
forWard sWitch SPW and ?y-Wheeling sWitch SFL is required
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
to prevent the damage from short through behavior betWeen
SFWand SFL. FIG. 1b shoWs the timing diagram of the circuit
of FIG. 1a. 40
FIG. 1a shoWs the SR-Buck converter.
SR-Buck converter reduces the voltage drop of diode and FIG. 1b shoWs the timing diagram of the circuit of FIG. 1a.
its poWer loss alloWs the conversion e?iciency is greater then FIG. 2a shoWs the SR-ForWard converter.
90% that the poWer handling of converter is improved. HoW FIG. 2b shoWs the timing diagram of the circuit of FIG. 211.
ever, the optimal gate drive Waveform is generated from high FIG. 3a shoWs the coupled inductor SR-Buck converter.
circuit complexity controller to keep the turned ON time of 45
forWard sWitch SFWand ?y-Wheeling sWitch SFL never over FIG. 3b shoWs the voltage control netWork circuits With SR
leap but as small as possible to obtain highest ef?ciency that sWitch.
the component selection is dif?cult to meet high reliability FIG. 3c shows the topological variations of coupled induc
and cost effective requirement. tor SR-Buck converter.
FIG. 2a shoWs the resonant reset forWard converter With 50 FIG. 4 shoWs the timing diagram of circuit in FIG. 311.
secondary passive drive synchronous recti?er circuit named FIG. 5a shoWs the forWard transition stage of circuit in
as SR-ForWard converter beloW. The secondary synchronous FIG. 3a.
recti?er circuit has been derived from conventional recti?er FIG. 5b shoWs the forWard stage of circuit in FIG. 3a.
by using semiconductor sWitch such as MOSFET to replace
semiconductor diode each leg. The forWard sWitch SPW is 55
FIG. 5c shows the ?y-Wheeling transition stage of circuit in
drive by secondary Winding WS to selects connecting the FIG. 3a.
output inductor to secondary Winding transfer energy to FIG. 5d shoWs the ?y-Wheeling stage of circuit in FIG. 311.
smooth capacitor C O and load RL When the primary sWitch SP FIG. 6a shoWs the coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter.
is turned ON to connect primary Winding WP With input FIG. 6b shoWs the coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter
voltage source VI. The ?y-Wheeling sWitch SFL may selects 60 With different connection.
connecting the output inductor to ground during the reset time FIG. 6c shows the topological variation of coupled induc
of transformer When the primary sWitch SP is turned OFF. The tor SR-ForWard converter.
gate drive signal of primary sWitch SP is supplied from a
simple PWM controller and the gate driving signals of for FIG. 7 shoWs the timing diagram of the circuit in FIG. 6a.
Ward sWitch SP and ?y-Wheeling sWitch SFL are supplied 65 FIG. 8a shoWs the forWard transition stage of circuit in
from transformer secondary directly. FIG. 2b shoWs the tim FIG. 6a.
ing diagram of the circuit of FIG. 2a. FIG. 8b shoWs the forWard stage of circuit in FIG. 6a.
 US 7,548,442 B2
3 4
FIG. 80 shows the ?y-wheeling transition stage of circuit in Referring to FIG. 50, during T2 to T3 interval, the forward
FIG. 6a. switch SFWis turned OFF at T2, the node voltage of inductor
FIG. 8d shows the ?y-wheeling stage of circuit in FIG. 6a. winding LFW connected with forward switch SPW is
decreased rapidly, it drive the ?y-wheeling switch SF, ON to
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED carry current IO through inductor winding LFL avoid it ?ow
EMBODIMENTS through high voltage drop low speed body diode. The current
of inductor winding LFWis conducted through clamp diode D
Referring now to the drawings, and more particular to FIG. to discharge the stored energy in the leakage inductance of
3a, a coupled inductor SR-Buck converter in accordance with inductor winding LFW. While the end of this interval, the
the present invention is illustrated. A coupled inductor SR current of inductor winding LP, is increased to IO and the
Buck converter comprises input voltage sourceV,, ?y-wheel current of inductor winding LFWis decreased to Zero at T3.
ing switch SFL, clamp diode D, gate voltage control network Referring to FIG. 5d, during T3 to T0 interval, the ?y
NFL, coupled inductor including two inductor windings LPW wheeling switch SF, was turned ON during full period of this
and LP, and smooth capacitor C0. The windings of coupled interval automatically to conduct the current I 0 through
inductor are identical in the inductance and large enough to inductor winding LF, to output voltage source V0. While the
use as an output DC current source, and the output smooth end of this interval, the forward switch SFWis turn ON to carry
capacitor is large enough to use as an output voltage source the current I 0 from input voltage source V, again to starting
V0 for theoretical analysis. The forward switch SFW pro the next switching cycle.
vides a path to transfer the energy from input voltage source The gate drive voltage of ?y-wheeling switch SP, is dis
V, through inductor winding LFW to smooth capacitor C0 20 charged by the forward switch SFWbefore the load current IO
when it is turn ON. The ?y-wheeling switch SF, was either fully coupled from inductor winding LF, to inductor winding
drive by the voltage of inductor winding LFW directly or LPW, it eliminate the damage of short-through behavior
through a gate voltage control network NFL, and here the between forward switch SFW and ?y-wheeling switch SF,
voltage control network can be a voltage damper or a voltage without the needs of precise gate drive control signal that
divider or even just a wire that no active function to control the 25 generated from a high circuit complexity controller.
timing of gate drive signal. Three typical circuits of voltage After the success on the coupled inductor SR-Buck con
control network with the switch were shown as FIG. 3b. The verter, employing the same concept to several types of con
clamp diode D some time was required for providing a path to ventional SR-Forward converter would be the next step per
discharge the energy that stored in the leakage inductance of fectly. The key concept of coupled inductor SR operation is
coupled inductor when the stored energy is large enough to 30 concerning on its self-drive structure of the ?y-wheeling
affect the ef?ciency greatly or an unacceptable voltage spike switch only as coupled inductor SR can be cooperated per
is generated by the energy that possible to damage the for fectly with all buck-derived converters. A resonant reset
ward switch SPW and ?y-wheeling switch SFL. The discharge coupled inductor SR-Forward converter was used as an
path of the stored energy in the leakage inductance may be example for better understanding and discussion shown as
through parasitic capacitance of forward switch SFW if the 35 FIG. 6a.
clamp diode is not connected. The typical coupled inductor SR-Forward converter com
A coupled inductor SR-Buck converter show in FIG. 3a is prises the key primary side circuit of forward converter (input
easy to reorganiZe the power circuit and components by source V,, primary switch SP and a transformer has primary
applying the duality principle simply to derive the topological winding WP and secondary winding WS with turn ratio N: l,
variation show as FIG. 30. The typical operation waveforms 40 where the reset technology of transformer is irrelevant), a
of coupled inductor SR-Buck converter were show in FIG. 4 secondary side circuit that similar to coupled inductor SR
is different from the prior art of conventional SR-Buck con Buck converter (forward switch SPW, ?y-wheeling switch
verter. Under steady-state operation, the coupled inductor SFL, clamp diode D, gate voltage control networks NFW and
SR-Buck converter has four stages are equal to four equiva NFL, coupled inductor including two inductor windings LPW
lent circuits within one switching cycle shown in FIG. 5a to 45 and LP, and smooth capacitor C0. The windings of coupled
FIG. 5d. inductor are identical in the inductance and large enough to
Referring to FIG. 5a, during T0 to T1 interval, the forward used as an output DC current source, and the smooth capaci
switch SPW is turned ON at T0, apply the voltage V,/ 2 to the tor CO is large enough to worked as an output voltage source
leakage inductance of inductor winding LFWcause the current V0 for theoretical analysis).
of inductor winding LFWincreased rapidly from Zero to I O and 50 The forward switch SPW is drive by a signal from a drive
decrease the current of inductor winding LF, from IO to Zero transformer winding or a external driver that synchronous
simultaneously. Ideally, the voltage on the ideal coupled with primary switch SP to turned ON and turned OFF but in
inductor is equal to VO—V,/2 during this period may ensure the most case is drive by the voltage of transformer secondary
the absolute current change rate on both inductor windings winding through a gate voltage control networks NFW, and
are identical but it can adjust automatically to cover the dif 55 here the voltage control network can be a voltage damper or a
ference of leakage inductance on each winding at practical voltage divider was shown as FIG. 3b or even just a wire that
applications. The ?y-wheeling switch SF, is turned OFF no active function to control the timing of gate drive signal.
before the current of inductor winding LF, reach to Zero but The operation is similar to coupled inductor SR-Buck con
still allow current ?ow through its body diode as a single verter described above as it just like the forward switch SPW
direction switch. While the end of this interval, the current of 60 connected with a mirrored voltage source from primary side
inductor winding LFWis reached to IO at T1. provides a path to transfer the energy through inductor wind
Referring to FIG. 5b, during T1 to T2 interval, the forward ing LPW to smooth capacitor C0 when primary switch SP is
switch SFW was turned ON carry the current IO from input turn ON. The clamp diode D can be an option to discharge the
source V,through inductor winding LFWto the output voltage stored energy in the leakage inductance of coupled inductor to
source V0. While the end of this interval, the forward switch 65 smooth capacitor C0 when the forward switch SFWis turned
SPW is turned OFF at T2 and the conducting path through OFF, the stored energy in the leakage inductance of coupled
inductor winding LPW and forward switch SFWis blocked. inductor will discharge back to input voltage source V,
 US 7,548,442 B2
5 6
through the body diode of forward switch SFW and trans inductor winding LFL to output voltage source V0. While the
former if the clamp diode D is not applied. The ?y-wheeling end of this interval, the forward switch SFWis turn ON to carry
switch SFL is drive by inductor winding LFW through a gate the current I 0 from input voltage source V, again to starting
voltage control network NFL, and here the voltage control the next switching cycle.
network can be a voltage damper or a voltage divider was The gate drive voltage of ?y-wheeling switch SFL is dis
shown as FIG. 3b or even just a wire that no active function to charged by the forward switch SFWbefore the load current 10
control the timing of gate drive signal. There is an alternative fully coupled from inductor winding LFL to inductor winding
signal to drive the ?y-wheeling switch SFL for low voltage LFW, it eliminate the damage of short-through behavior
application that the mirrored transformer reset voltage on the between forward switch SFW and ?y-wheeling switch SFL
transformer secondary winding can be super-positioned on without the needs of precise gate drive control signal that
the voltage of inductor winding LPW to have better drive generated from a high circuit complexity controller.
performance when the forward switch SPW was connected A power converter with coupled inductor SR circuit elimi
between transformer secondary winding WS and inductor nate the body diode conduction stage, as it keep ?y-wheeling
winding LFW also can be seen in FIG. 6b. switch turn ON automatically during forward switch OFF
The typical coupled inductor SR-Forward converter is easy period; it prevent the damages from the short through
to reorganize the power circuit and components by applying between forward switch and ?y-wheeling switch inherently,
the duality principle simply to derive the topological variation as it can turn ?y-wheeling switch OFF before forward switch
show as FIG. 60. The typical operation waveforms show in began conduct the current inherently; It simpli?es converter
FIG. 7 is different from the prior art of conventional SR construction, as it can be implemented without extra control
Forward converter. Under steady-state operation, the second 20 circuits; It is worked well and do not require any additional
ary circuit of coupled inductor SR-Forward converter has four devices, as it can be used widely with low cost.
stages are equal to four equivalent circuits within one switch Based on analysis above, the key concept of this invention
ing cycle shown in FIG. 8a to FIG. 8d. is concerning on its self-drive structure of the ?y-wheeling
Referring to FIG. 8a, during T0 to T1 interval, the primary switch only as this invention can be used with all buck
switch SP is turned ON to connect input voltage source V, to 25 derived converters, and while the invention has been
the primary winding WP of transformer. The forward switch described in terms of a single preferred embodiment, those
SFW is also turned ON at T0 by the voltage VI/N of the skilled in the art will recogniZe that the invention can be
secondary winding WS apply the voltage V,/ 2N to the leakage practiced with modi?cation on different transformer reset
inductance of inductor winding LPW cause the current of technology and different drive method of forward switch still
inductor winding LPW increased rapidly from Zero to I O and 30 within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
decrease the current of inductor winding LFL from 10 to Zero What is claimed is:
simultaneously. Ideally, the voltage on the ideal coupled 1. A coupled inductor SR-Buck converter comprising:
inductor is equal to VO—VI/ 2N during this period may ensure an input voltage source having a positive terminal and a
the absolute current change rate on both inductor windings negative terminal;
are identical but it can adjust automatically to cover the dif 35 a smoothing capacitor having a ?rst terminal and a second
ference of leakage inductance on each winding at practical terminal;
applications. The ?y-wheeling switch SFL is turned OFF a resistive load connected in parallel with said smoothing
before the current of inductor winding LFL reach to Zero but capacitor;
still allow current ?ow through its body diode as a single a ?rst inductor winding have having a ?rst terminal and a
direction switch. While the end of this interval, the current of 40 second terminal, said second terminal of said ?rst induc
inductor winding LFWis reached to I O to transfer energy from tor winding being connected with said ?rst terminal of
mirrored input voltage sourceVI/N through inductor winding said smoothing capacitor;
LFW to the output voltage source V0, the primary switch SP a second inductor winding having a ?rst terminal and a
and the forward switch SPW are turned OFF at T1 and the second terminal and being magnetically coupled with
conducting path through inductor winding LPW is blocked. 45 said ?rst inductor winding and in the same polarity, said
Referring to FIG. 8b, during T1 to T2 interval, the forward ?rst terminal of said second inductor winding being
switch SFWwas turned ON carry the current I 0 from mirrored connected with said second terminal of said smoothing
input sourceVI/N through inductor winding LFWto the output capacitor;
voltage source V0. While the end of this interval, the forward a controller;
switch SPW is turned OFF at T2 and the conducting path 50 a forward switch connected in series with said input volt
through inductor winding LFW and forward switch SFW is age source between said input voltage source and said
blocked. ?rst terminal of said ?rst inductor winding, and being
Referring to FIG. 80, during T2 to T3 interval, the primary controlled by said controller to be periodically and alter
switch SP and forward switch SPW are turned OFF at T2, the nately turned ON and turned OFF for periodically con
node voltage of inductor winding LFW connected with for 55 necting a positive voltage to said ?rst terminal of said
ward switch SFWis increased rapidly, it drive the ?y-wheeling ?rst inductor winding;
switch SFL ON to carry current 10 through inductor winding a ?y-wheeling switch drive voltage control network;
LFL avoid it ?ow through high voltage drop low speed body a ?y-wheeling switch connected in series between said
diode. The current of inductor winding LFW is conducted second terminal of said second inductor winding and
through clamp diode D to discharge the stored energy in the 60 said ?rst terminal of said smoothing capacitor, and con
leakage inductance of inductor winding LPW. While the end trolled via a voltage of said ?rst terminal of said ?rst
of this interval, the current of inductor winding LFL is inductor winding through said ?y-wheeling switch drive
increased to lo and the current of inductor winding LFW is voltage control network such that (a) said ?y-wheeling
decreased to Zero at T3. switch is closed when voltage of said ?rst terminal of
Referring to FIG. 8d, during T3 to T0 interval, the ?y 65 said ?rst inductor winding is negative, and (b) said ?y
wheeling switch SFL was turned ON during full period of this wheeling switch is opened when voltage of said ?rst
interval automatically to conduct the current 10 through terminal of said ?rst inductor winding is positive.
 US 7,548,442 B2
7 8
2. Said coupled inductor SR-Buck converter of claim 1 nal and a second terminal, said secondary Winding hav
wherein said forward switch is MOSFET transistor With an ing a ?rst terminal and a second terminal and being
integral reverse diode. magnetically coupled With said primary Winding and in
3. Said coupled inductor SR-Buck converter of claim 1 the same polarity, said ?rst terminal of said primary
Wherein said ?y-Wheeling sWitch is a MOSFET transistor Winding being connected With said positive terminal of
With an integral reverse diode. said input voltage source;
4. Said coupled inductor SR-Buck converter of claim 1, a controller;
further comprising a clamp diode having an anode and a a primary sWitch connected in series betWeen said negative
cathode, said anode being connected With said second termi terminal of said input voltage source and said second
nal of said smoothing capacitor, and said cathode being con terminal of said primary Winding of said transformer,
nected With said ?rst terminal of said ?rst inductor Winding. said primary sWitch being controlled by said controller
5. A coupled inductor SR-Buck converter comprising: to be periodically and alternately turned ON and turned
an input voltage source having a positive terminal and a OFF;
negative terminal; a ?rst inductor Winding having a ?rst terminal and a second
a smoothing capacitor having a ?rst terminal and a second terminal, said second terminal of said ?rst inductor
terminal; Winding being connected With said second terminal of
a resistive load connected in parallel With said smoothing said smoothing capacitor;
capacitor; a second inductor Winding having a ?rst terminal and a
a ?rst inductor Winding having a ?rst terminal and second second terminal and being magnetically coupled With
terminal, said second terminal of said ?rst inductor 20 said ?rst inductor Winding and in the same polarity, said
Winding being connected With said second terminal of ?rst terminal of said second inductor Winding being
said smoothing capacitor; connected With said ?rst terminal of said smoothing
a second inductor Winding having a ?rst terminal and a capacitor;
second terminal and being magnetically coupled With a forWard sWitch drive voltage control netWork;
said ?rst inductor Winding and in the same polarity, said 25 a forWard sWitch connected in series With said secondary
?rst terminal of said second inductor Winding being Winding of said transformer betWeen said second termi
connected With said ?rst terminal of said smoothing nal of said secondary Winding of said transformer and
capacitor; said ?rst terminal of said ?rst inductor Winding, and
a controller; driven by a voltage signal through said forWard sWitch
a forWard sWitch connected in series With said input volt 30 drive voltage control netWork that is synchronous With
age source betWeen said input voltage source and said said primary sWitch such that (a) said forWard sWitch is
?rst terminal of said ?rst inductor Winding, and being closed to connect a negative voltage to said ?rst terminal
controlled by said controller to be periodically and alter of said ?rst inductor Winding When said primary sWitch
nately turned ON and turned OFF for periodically con is turned ON, and (b) said forWard sWitch is opened
necting a negative voltage to said ?rst terminal of said 35 When said primary sWitch is turned OFF;
?rst inductor Winding; a ?y-Wheeling sWitch drive voltage control netWork;
a ?y-Wheeling sWitch drive voltage control netWork; a ?y-Wheeling sWitch connected in series betWeen said
a ?y-Wheeling sWitch connected in series betWeen said second terminal of said second inductor Winding and
second terminal of said second inductor Winding and said second terminal of said smoothing capacitor, and
said second terminal of said smoothing capacitor, and 40 controlled through said ?y-Wheeling sWitch drive volt
controlled via a voltage of said ?rst terminal of said ?rst age control netWork such that (a) said ?y-Wheeling
inductor Winding through said ?y-Wheeling sWitch drive sWitch is closed When voltage of said ?rst terminal of
voltage control netWork such that (a) said ?y-Wheeling said ?rst inductor Winding is positive, and (b) said ?y
sWitch is closed When voltage of said ?rst terminal of Wheeling sWitch is opened When voltage of said ?rst
said ?rst inductor Winding is positive, and (b) said ?y 45 terminal of said ?rst inductor Winding is negative.
Wheeling sWitch is opened When voltage of said ?rst 10. Said coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter of claim 9
terminal of said ?rst inductor Winding is negative. Wherein said forWard sWitch is MOSFET transistor With an
6. Said coupled inductor SR-Buck converter of claim 5 integral reverse diode.
Wherein said forWard sWitch is MOSFET transistor With an 11. Said coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter of claim 9
integral reverse diode. 50 Wherein said ?y-Wheeling sWitch is a MOSFET transistor
7. Said coupled inductor SR-Buck converter of claim 5 With an integral reverse diode.
Wherein said ?y-Wheeling sWitch is a MOSFET transistor 12. Said coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter of claim 9
With an integral reverse diode. Wherein said ?y-Wheeling sWitch is controlled via voltage of
8. Said coupled inductor SR-Buck converter of claim 5, said second terminal of said secondary Winding of said trans
further comprising a clamp diode having an anode and a 55 former.
cathode, said anode being connected With said ?rst terminal 13. Said coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter of claim
of said ?rst inductor Winding, and said cathode being con 9, further comprising a clamp diode having an anode and a
nected With said ?rst terminal of said smoothing capacitor. cathode, said anode being connected With said ?rst terminal
9. A coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter comprising: of said ?rst inductor Winding, and said cathode being con
an input voltage source having a positive terminal and a 60 nected With said ?rst terminal of said smoothing capacitor.
negative terminal; 14. A coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter comprising:
a smoothing capacitor having a ?rst terminal and a second an input voltage source having a positive terminal and a
terminal; negative terminal;
a resistive load connected in parallel With said smoothing a smoothing capacitor having a ?rst terminal and a second
capacitor; terminal;
a transformer comprising a primary Winding and a second a resistive load connected in parallel With said smoothing
ary Winding, said primary Winding having a ?rst termi capacitor;
 US 7,548,442 B2
10
a transformer comprising a primary Winding and a second voltage control netWork that is synchronous With said
ary Winding, said primary Winding having a ?rst termi primary sWitch such that (a) said forWard sWitch is
nal and a second terminal, said secondary Winding hav closed to connect a positive voltage to said ?rst terminal
ing a ?rst terminal and a second terminal and being of said ?rst inductor Winding When said primary sWitch
magnetically coupled With said ?rst inductor Winding is turned ON, and (b) said forWard sWitch is opened
and in the same polarity, said ?rst terminal of said pri When said primary sWitch is turned OFF;
mary Winding being connected With said positive termi a ?y-Wheeling sWitch drive voltage control netWork;
nal of said input voltage source; a ?y-Wheeling sWitch connected in series betWeen said ?rst
a controller; terminal of said second inductor Winding and said ?rst
a primary sWitch connected in series betWeen said negative terminal of said smoothing capacitor, and controlled via
terminal of said input voltage source and said second said voltage of said ?rst terminal of said secondary
terminal of said primary Winding of said transformer, Winding of said transformer through said ?y-Wheeling
and being controlled by said controller to be periodically sWitch drive voltage control netWork such that (a) said
and alternately turned ON and turned OFF; ?y-Wheeling sWitch is closed When a voltage of said ?rst
a ?rst inductor Winding having a ?rst terminal and a second terminal of said ?rst terminal of said secondary Winding
terminal, said second terminal of said ?rst inductor of said transformer is negative, and (b) said ?y-Wheeling
Winding being connected With said ?rst terminal of said sWitch is opened When voltage of said ?rst terminal of
smoothing capacitor; said ?rst inductor Winding is positive.
second inductor Winding having a ?rst terminal and a 15. Said coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter of claim
second terminal, and being magnetically coupled With 20 14 Wherein said forWard sWitch is MOSFET transistor With an
said ?rst inductor Winding and in the same polarity, said integral reverse diode.
second terminal of said second inductor Winding being 16. Said coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter of claim
connected With said second terminal of said smoothing 14 Wherein said ?y-Wheeling sWitch is a MOSFET transistor
With an integral reverse diode.
capacitor; 25 17. Said coupled inductor SR-ForWard converter of claim
a forWard sWitch drive voltage control network; 14, further comprising a clamp diode having a anode and a
a forWard sWitch connected in series With said secondary cathode, said anode being connected With said second termi
Winding of said transformer betWeen said ?rst terminal nal of said smoothing capacitor, said cathode being connected
of said secondary Winding of said transformer and said With said ?rst terminal of said ?rst inductor Winding.
?rst terminal of said ?rst inductor Winding, and driven
by a voltage signal through said forWard sWitch drive * * * * *