4 FRP COMPOSITES FOR REINFORCING OR STRENGTHENING CONCRETE AND MASONRY STRUCTURES (ACI 440.

3R-12)

Table 1.3—Test methods for FRP composites used in concrete and masonry structures
ASTM test ACI 440 test
Property method(s) method Summary of differences
Cross-sectional area D7205/D7205M — ASTM D7205/D7205M replaces ACI 440.3R-04 Method B.1.
Longitudinal tensile strength and
D7205/D7205M — ASTM D7205/D7205M replaces ACI 440.3R-04 Method B.2.
modulus
ASTM Pullout Test C234 (ASTM C234) has been withdrawn and, as
written, did not provide adequate specimen size to prevent splitting of
concrete cylinder when using FRP bars.
Bond properties A944 B.3
The only remaining ASTM test method for bond of steel bars to concrete
is beam-end test method (A944), which has not been modified for use
with FRP bars. Ongoing work by ACI Committee 440 is expected to
produce beam bond test methods.
Shear strength D7617/D7617M — ASTM D7617/D7617M replaces ACI 440.3R-04 Method B.4.
Bent bar capacity — B.5 No existing ASTM test method available.
Durability properties — B.6 No existing ASTM test method available.
The ACI method provides specific information on anchoring bars in the
test fixtures and on attaching elongation measuring devices to the bars.
Fatigue properties D3479 B.7
The ACI method also requires specific calculations that are not provided
in the ASTM method.
Creep properties D7337/D7337M — ASTM D7337/D7337M replaces ACI 440.3R-04 Method B.8.
D2990 The ACI method provides specific information on anchoring bars in the
test fixtures and on attaching elongation measuring devices to the bars.
Relaxation properties B.9
E328 The ACI method also requires specific calculations that are not provided
in the ASTM method.
Anchorage properties — B.10 No existing ASTM test method available.
Tensile properties of deflected bars — B.11 No existing ASTM test method available.
Effect of corner radius on strength — B.12 No existing ASTM test method available.
D790
Flexural properties — No ACI method developed.
D4476
E831
Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) — No ACI method developed.
D696
E1356
E1640
Glass transition temperature — No ACI method developed.
D648
E2092
D3171
Volume fraction — No ACI method developed.
D2584
Direct tension pulloff D7522/D7522M — ASTM D7522/D7522M replaces ACI 440.3R-04 Method L.1.
Tensile strength and modulus D7565/D7565M — ASTM D7565/D7565M replaces ACI 440.3R-04 Method L.2.
Lap shear strength D7616/D7616M — ASTM D7616/D7616M replaces ACI 440.3R-04 Method L3.
D4551
Bond strength — No ACI method developed.
C882

FRP bar—composite
r material formed into a long, slender, FRP tendon—FRP element, such as a bar or strand, or a
structural shape suitable for the internal reinforcement of bundle of such elements primarily used in tension to impart
concrete and consisting of primarily longitudinal unidi- compressive stress to concrete or masonry.
rectional fibers bound and shaped by a rigid polymer resin gauge length—distance between two gauge points on
material. The bar may have a cross section of variable shape, the test section, over which the percentage of elongation is
commonly circular or rectangular, and may have a deformed determined.
or roughened surface to enhance bonding with concrete. glass fiber—fiber drawn from an inorganic fusion of
FRP laminates—two or more layers of fiber reinforce- silica (SiO2) and other compounds that has cooled without
ments, such as, glass, carbon, and aramid arranged in one or crystallization.
more orientations—for example, 0, 90, +45, –45 degrees— grid—two-dimensional (planar) or three-dimensional
and held together by a polymer matrix. Laminates come in (spatial) rigid array of interconnected FRP bars that form
the physical form of dry, prepreg, and precured materials. a contiguous lattice that can be used to reinforce concrete.
Note: The lattice can be manufactured with integrally

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