Designation: A 472/A 472M – 05

Standard Test Method for

Heat Stability of Steam Turbine Shafts and Rotor Forgings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 472/A 472M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* centered and machined with allowance to finish to the purchas-

1.1 This test method covers the determination of heat er’s drawing. Material for mechanical tests may be removed
stability of steam turbine shafts and rotor forgings to ensure before or after the stability test at the manufacturer’s option,
stability at operating temperature. This test method is not unless check tests after the stability test are required by the
ordinarily applicable to generator rotor forgings. purchaser.
1.2 This test method is expressed in both inch-pound unit 3.2 With prior approval from the purchaser, the forgings
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract may be stress-relieved as part of the heat stability test. When
specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), this is done, the stress-relieving temperature shall be within 50
the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either to 100°F [30 to 55°C] below final tempering temperature.
inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as Rotate the forgings at 2 to 4 r/min and hold at stress-relieving
standard. Within the test method, the SI units as shown in temperature for at least 2 h/in. [2 h/25 mm] of maximum radial
brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact thickness, after which the temperature may be decreased to the
equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently specified heat stability test temperature and the test performed.
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may 4. Heat Stability Test Bands
result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are 4.1 The supplier shall mark positions A, B, C, and D, spaced
provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supple- 90° apart circumferentially, preferably on an end of the forging.
mentary requirements shall apply only when specified indi- Markings shall be retained throughout all subsequent opera-
vidually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract. tions.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 Preferably, there shall be a minimum of 5 test bands,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the denoted as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, machined on the circumference of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- the forging. Numbering shall start at the left side of the forging
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- drawing. Bands 1 and 5 shall be located as close to the end of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. the forging as practical. Band 3 shall be located as near to
midlength as practical. Bands 2 and 4 shall be located
2. Ordering Information approximately equidistant between 1 and 3, and 3 and 5,
2.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify respectively.
all requirements necessary for testing under this specification. 4.3 When the shipped length of the barrel portion of the
Requirements to be considered include, but are not limited to, forging is less than 8 ft [2.4 m], bands 2 and 4 may be omitted.
the following: 4.4 The purchaser’s drawing may show the desired number
2.1.1 ASTM designation and year date, and location of bands and shall indicate that portion of the
2.1.2 The minimum test temperature, forging that shall be located within the heating chamber. Bands
2.1.3 The portion of the forging to be subjected to the heat 1 and 5 are to be located outside of the heating chamber.
stability test temperature, and Preferably, the gland areas/packing seal areas are inside the
2.1.4 Supplementary or other special requirements. heating chamber.
4.5 The test bands shall be machined with the forging
3. Procedure running on centers except in the cases of forgings weighing
3.1 The heat stability test shall be conducted by the forging over 125 000 lb [56.7 metric tons] the machining shall be
supplier after final heat treatment and after the forging has been performed with the forgings running on steady rests. Readings
shall be taken with the forging running on centers except in the
cases of forgings weighing over 125 000 lb [56.7 metric tons]
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, where readings may be taken with the forgings running on
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Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
steady rests. Between readings, the forgings may be rotated on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originally steady rests.
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 472 – 98 (2003).

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 A 472/A 472M – 05
5. Surface Preparation exceed 0.002 in. [0.05 mm] in any band. Refer to the last
5.1 Remove oil, grease, dirt, and other foreign material from measurements as the official first cold measurements.
the surface of the forging prior to the heat stability test. A 7.3 Hot Measurements—Take measurements on all bands
suitable coating may be applied to provide uniform emissivity. hourly during the heating cycle until the forging has been
heated to the specified temperature. When three consecutive
6. Heating and Cooling hourly deflection measurements at the specified temperature
6.1 Place the forging in the heating chamber and rotate the check within 0.0005 in. [0.013 mm], cooling may commence.
forging at a speed of 2 to 4 r/min. Refer to the last of these measurements as the official hot
6.2 Place thermocouples in contact with the forging at each measurements.
test band within the heating chamber. Shield the thermocouples 7.4 Second Cold Measurements—After cooling in accor-
from the heat source. dance with 6.4, take measurements on all bands at half-hour
6.3 Apply heat uniformly to avoid localized overheating. intervals until two consecutive deflection measurements check
Heat the forging at a rate not exceeding 200°F/h [110°C/h] to within 0.0005 in. [0.013 mm]. Refer to the last of these
the stability test temperature specified by the purchaser. Main- measurements as the official second cold measurements.
tain the specified testing temperature until the forging is heated
uniformly. A uniform temperature condition shall be consid- 8. Interpretation of Results
ered to exist when three consecutive hourly deflection mea- 8.1 The forging shall be acceptable if the movement of its
surements taken at the test temperature are within 0.0005 in. center is not greater than 0.001 in. [0.025 mm] when deter-
[0.013 mm]. To consider a uniform test temperature condition mined by the difference between the official hot and the official
to exist, it is also necessary that the axial thermal expansion be cold second measurements. This movement shall be deter-
consistent within 0.010 in. [0.25 mm] for three consecutive mined for each band as follows:
hourly readings at the test temperature. 8.1.1 From the official hot measurements at position A
6.4 After uniform test conditions as described in 6.3 have subtract the official cold measurement for position A.
been reached, cool the forging, while rotating, to below 100°F 8.1.2 Repeat the procedure for positions B, C, and D.
[40°C]. The heating chamber may be opened during cooling, 8.1.3 For each of these four results, numerically total the
but the cover shall not be removed until the temperature of the greatest plus value and the greatest minus value without regard
forging is less than 500°F [260°C]. After the forging has cooled to sign. The maximum deflection in any band as indicated by
to approximately room temperature, rotate it for at least 2 h these totals shall not exceed 0.002 in. [0.05 mm].
before the second cold measurements (see 7.4) are recorded. 8.2 In case of changes in measurements in bands 1 and 5,
suitable corrections may be made to results obtained from
7. Stability Measurements bands 2, 3, and 4. The corrected figures shall be within the
7.1 Use an indicator located outside the heating chamber to requirements of 8.1.3.
measure to the nearest 0.0005 in. [0.013 mm]. Actuate the 8.3 If the forging does not meet the requirements of the
indicator by a rod with one end contacting the forging at test stability test, it may be retested, stress relieved before retest or
bands described in 4.2 or 4.3. Take measurements at each test completely reheat treated before retest.
band at positions A, B, C, and D. For each band, the indicator
may be set to zero for the minimum deflection at one of the 9. Report
positions A, B, C, or D or the figures may be reduced to 9.1 The forging supplier shall report to the purchaser the
minima by subtraction. official first cold measurements, the hourly measurements
7.2 First Cold Measurements—Take measurements on each during heating and holding at specified temperature, the official
band after rotation is started but prior to heating. If the runout hot measurements and the official second cold measurements,
exceeds 0.002 in. [0.05 mm] at any band, continue rotation for as well as the temperature of the forging when these measure-
1 h. If runout continues to exceed 0.002 in. [0.05 mm], recenter ments were obtained. The report shall include the calculated
the forging or remachine the bands until the runout does not change in measurements as determined under 8.1.3.

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 A 472/A 472M – 05
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall only apply when specified individually by the
purchaser in the contract or purchase order.

S1. Emissivity Coating uniform and completely cover all surfaces within and adjacent
S1.1 Apply a surface coating that will provide a uniform to the ovens. Successive light coats applied by spraying are
thermal emissivity throughout the test. The coating shall be recommended.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue
(A 472 – 98 (2003)), which may impact its use.

(1) Added Supplementary Requirement S1. (2) Converted Test Method to Dual Units.

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