This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: F3626 − 23

Standard Guide for

Additive Manufacturing — Test Artifacts — Accelerated
Build Quality Assurance for Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion
(PBF-LB)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3626; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope men Alignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial

1.1 This guide illustrates a test specimen geometry and Force Application
testing protocol that can be used to assess the quality of a metal 2.2 ISO/ASTM Standard:2
powder bed fusion build cycle as it could be affected by major ISO/ASTM 52900 Additive manufacturing — General prin-
system errors (for example, corrupted calibration, disrupted ciples — Fundamentals and vocabulary
inert gas flow, laser wear) severely affecting the quality of
materials fabricated by laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF- 3. Terminology
LB). 3.1 Definitions—Terminology relating to additive manufac-
1.2 This method is designed to interrupt the manufacturing turing in ISO/ASTM 52900 should apply.
process if poor material quality is identified through go/no-go

iTeh Standards
torque/angle of twist measurements of witness coupons after
each fabrication.
4. Summary
4.1 Directly after a build cycle is completed, witness speci-

(https://standards.iteh.ai)
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in
mens
torqued
in their as-built state (prior to any post-processing) are

necessary)
to fracture. The maximum value of torque and (if
angle-of-twist are recorded. Identifying measure-
Document
to address all of the Preview
this guide.
1.4 This standard does not purport ments of torque or angle-of-twist or both outside of a specified
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the range of variation are cause to interrupt the production cycle
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- until the additive manufacturing (AM) machine performance
ASTM
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- F3626-23
and resulting material quality is further evaluated.
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/c344c61a-4cf4-4d74-9e59-387e06cf4d6a/astm-f3626-23
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 5.1 This guide describes the use of torque and angle-of-twist
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the data as a preliminary acceptance criteria for a production run
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- utilizing a previously qualified AM process through periodical
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical or continuous evaluation. A torsion device (for example, torque
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. wrench, instrumented lathe with torque readout) is used to
break strategically placed torque specimens within the build
2. Referenced Documents volume in the as-built state to provide evidence of build health.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 If a round of tests from a production run is determined to fall
E143 Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature outside of some criteria (for example: 3 standard deviations
E1012 Practice for Verification of Testing Frame and Speci- from the mean or other user defined criteria), additional
qualification procedures should be performed to ensure the AM
machine or process health are acceptable.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on Additive
NOTE 1—It is advantageous to locate the specimen at the same build
Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
height and near-critical locations of the part or component being fabri-
F42.01 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2023. Published April 2023. DOI: 10.1520/
cated for the evaluation to be representative of the specific region.
F3626-23.
2
5.2 This guide is not intended to replace rigorous qualifica-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
tion procedures and should only be considered as a preliminary
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on acceptance criterion to increase confidence that an AM ma-
the ASTM website. chine or process has not been significantly compromised.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 F3626 − 23

FIG. 1 Examples of Angle-of-Twist Measurements with (a) Showing a Reference Line along the Length of the Gage Section before
Testing, (b) Angle-of-Twist Measurement along the Gage Section after Failure, and (c) Angle-of-twist from Top and Bottom Hex Heads
after Failure

6. Procedure by the torsion device. If angle of twist is not provided and

6.1 Specimen Preparation—Test specimens should be tested deemed useful, it can be measured from a reference line
in the as-built state. If angle-of-twist measurements are not running along the length of the gage section as shown in Fig.
provided by the torsion device, a reference line can be added in 1(b). Measurement of the angle-of-twist can also be extracted
the vertical direction as shown in Fig. 1(a) to allow for the from an adjacent face next to the scribed/marked reference line
of the top and bottom head hex of the specimen as shown in
iTeh Standards
measurement of angle-of-twist after specimen failure, if re-
quired. The line may be scribed or marked using a permanent
marker in a manner that allows for clear visibility after
Fig. 1(c). Another important indicator of poor build health is a
change in failure mode as identified by the fracture plane. A
specimen fracture. (https://standards.iteh.ai)
6.2 Testing—The use of the torsion fixture is not strictly
significant change in the fracture plane angle could be indica-
tive of a change in build health.

Document Preview
controlled and left to the user. The torsion tool could be
automated or hand driven and for both cases the torsion
7. Report
apparatus should be calibrated for the range of torque values 7.1 Test Specimen—The build ID, material, specimen
appropriate for the material being tested. When performing the dimensions, and specimen orientation of the witness coupon as
ASTM F3626-23 placed within the build volume should be recorded.
torsion tests, the rate of twist applied could impact the results
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/c344c61a-4cf4-4d74-9e59-387e06cf4d6a/astm-f3626-23
and should be considered when utilizing the torsion device. For 7.2 Test Results—The maximum torque should be recorded.
automated test systems the rate of twist should be established If the angle of twist is measured, the maximum value should be
following recommendations in Test Method E143 and main- recorded. Approximate fracture plane angle should be re-
tained for all tests. For hand-driven test methods where corded. For automated testing where the twist rate is controlled
maintaining specified twist rates is not practical, the tester the rate of twist applied should be recorded.
should attempt to apply a rate of twist that is approximately
consistent between test runs. It is recommended that a mini- 8. Interpretation of Results
mum of 30 specimens be tested in the nominal condition to
8.1 The user should define failure of the inspection protocol
generate a distribution that subsequent test runs can be com-
based on the current understanding of the material quality that
pared to.
can be consistently measured using this method. The range of
6.3 Alignment—The use of a jig to maintain alignment when acceptable values should be determined by the user, as in-
manually applying torque to the specimens should be used. An formed by internal production/performance requirements.
example of an alignment fixture for manual testing is provided Torque, angle-of-twist values, or fracture plane angles that fall
in Appendix X1. Alignment of the twisting mechanism and the outside of a specified acceptance range (for example, 3σ from
fixed end providing resistance to torsion should be carefully the mean value, or deviating from a specified range as
considered to minimize bending stresses. determined by a control chart) indicate a “failure” and trigger
NOTE 2—Alignment procedures are described for uniaxial loading in a pause in the production cycle until process health and
Practice E1012. material quality can be verified.
6.4 Measurements—In this test method, the measurement of
maximum torque applied to failure is recorded. The angle-of- 9. Keywords
twist at fracture may also be useful as an indicator of 9.1 additive manufacturing; quality assurance; torsion test-
unacceptable quality and may also be recorded if it is provided ing

2
 F3626 − 23

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. TEST SPECIMEN DESIGN

X1.1 Example of Test Specimen Design eters) is considered to minimize the specimen size to be more
X1.1.1 Geometry of the sample should incorporate charac- accommodating to sampling during production runs. The
teristics that are identified as capable of providing critical diameter of 6 mm (60.125) is used to provide sufficient
process information that would indicate poor performance. volume to be tested. Specimens can be easily stacked and
Schematics of an example specimen geometry and dimensions removed from the build plate using an 11 mm (60.125) box
are presented in Fig. X1.1. A smaller gage-length-to-diameter wrench near the base of the specimen.
ratio required by Test Method E143 (gage length ≥ 4 diam-

iTeh Standards
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
Document Preview
ASTM F3626-23
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/c344c61a-4cf4-4d74-9e59-387e06cf4d6a/astm-f3626-23
FIG. X1.1 Suggested Dimensions of the Torsion Specimen