Designation: A 494/A 494M – 05

Standard Specification for

Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 494/A 494M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* E 30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast

1.1 This specification covers nickel, nickel-copper, nickel- Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron3
copper-silicon, nickel-molybdenum, nickel-chromium, and E 38 Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Chromium
nickel-molybdenum-chromium alloy castings for corrosion- and Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys3
resistant service. E 76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units Alloys3
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the E 354 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron,
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the 3. Terminology
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
cation. Inch-pound units are applicable for material ordered to 3.1 Definitions:
Specification A 494 and SI units for material ordered to 3.1.1 master heat—a single furnace charge of refined alloy,
Specification A 494M. which may either be poured directly into castings or into remelt
alloy for individual melts.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.2 melts—a single furnace charge poured into castings.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 When master heats are used to prepare melts, a melt analysis
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing shall be reported.
of Steel Products
4. General Conditions for Delivery
A 488/A 488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
fications of Procedures and Personnel 4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
A 732/A 732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car- the requirements of Specification A 781/A 781M, including
bon and Low-Alloy Steel for General Application, and any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
A 781/A 781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, ments of Specification A 781/A 781M constitutes nonconfor-
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials requirements of this specification and Specification A 781/
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to A 781M, this specification shall prevail.
Determine Conformance with Specifications 5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for castings to this specification should include
1
the following information:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.1.1 Quantity, in pieces, and
A01.18 on Castings. 5.1.2 Grade designation (Table 1) and class (Table 2).
Current edition approved September 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally 5.2 The purchaser shall specify any of the following infor-
approved in 1958. Redesignated as A 494 in 1963. Last previous edition approved mation required to describe adequately the desired material:
in 2004 as A 494/A 494M – 04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2.1 Heat-treat condition (see 6.1 and 6.2),
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
the ASTM website. Withdrawn.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 Copyright ASTM International
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TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
NOTE—Values are maximum unless otherwise indicated.
Grade CZ100 M35-1A M35-2 M30H M25S M30CA N12MV N7M N3M CY40 CW12MW CW6M CW2M CW6MC CY5SnBiM CX2MW CU5MCuC CX2M

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UNS N02100 N24135 N04020 N24030 N24025 N24130 N30012 N30007 J30003 N06040 N30002 N30107 N26455 N26625 N26055 N26022 N08826 N26059
Numbers
Composition, %
C, max 1.00 0.35 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.30 0.12 0.07 0.03 0.40 0.12 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.050 0.02
max
Mn, max 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.5 1.00 1.0 1.00
max
Si, max 2.00 1.25 2.00 2.7-3.7 3.5-4.5 1.0-2.0 1.00 1.00 0.50 3.00 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.00 0.5 0.80 1.0 0.50

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max
P, max 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.03 0.040 0.040 0.03 0.015 0.03 0.025 0.030 0.020
max
S, max 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.03 0.030 0.030 0.03 0.015 0.03 0.025 0.030 0.020
max
Cu 1.25 26.0- 26.0-33.0 27.0-33.0 27.0- 26.0-33.0 . . . ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.50-3.50 ...
max 33.0 33.0
Mo ... ... ... ... ...26.0-30.0 30.0- ... 30.0- ... 16.0- 17.0- 15.0- 8.0-10.0 2.0-3.5 12.5-14.5 2.5-3.5 15.0-16.5

2
33.0 33.0 18.0 20.0 17.5

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Fe 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 4.0-6.0 3.00 3.00 11.0 4.5-7.5 3.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 2.0-6.0 balance 1.50
max max max max max max max max max max max max max max
Ni 95.00 balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance 38.0-44.0 balance
min
Cr ... ... ... ... ... ... 1.00 1.0 1.0 14.0- 15.5- 17.0- 15.0- 20.0-23.0 11.0-14.0 20.0-22.5 19.5-23.5 22.0-24.0
17.0 17.5 20.0 17.5
A 494/A 494M – 05

Cb (Nb) ... 0.5 0.5 ... ... 1.0-3.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.15-4.50 . . . ... 0.60-1.20 ...
max max
W ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.75- ... 1.0 ... ... 2.5-3.5 ... ...
5.25 max

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V ... ... ... ... ... ... 0.20-0.60 . . . ... ... 0.20- ... ... ... ... 0.35 ... ...
0.40 max
Bi ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.0-5.0 ... ... ...
Sn ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.0-5.0 ... ... ...
A
Order M35-1 or M30C when weldability is required.

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 A 494/A 494M – 05
TABLE 2 Heat Treat Requirements

Grade Heat Treatment

CZ100, M35-1, M35-2, CY40 Class 1, M30H, M30C, As cast
M25S Class 1, CY5SnBiM
M25S, Class 2A Load into furnace at 600°F [315°C] maximum. Heat to 1600°F [870°C] and hold
for 1 h plus an additional 30 min for each 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] of cross section over 1
in.B Cool to 1300°F [705°C]C and hold at temperature for 30 min then quench in
oil to room temperature.
M25S, Class 3 Load into furnace at 600°F [315°C] maximum. Heat slowly to 1100°F [605°C] and
hold to develop maximum hardness. Furnace or air cool to room temperature.
N12MV, N7M, N3M Heat to 2000°F [1095°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
CW12MW, CW6M, CW6MC, CW2M Heat to 2150°F [1175°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
CY40, Class 2 Heat to 1900°F [1040°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by other means.
CX2MW Heat to 2200°F [1205°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.
CU5MCuC Heat to 2100°F [1150°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water. Stabilize at 1725-1815°F [940-990°C], hold for
sufficient time to heat castings to temperature, quench in water or rapid cool by
other means.
CX2M Heat to 2100°F [1150°C] minimum, hold for sufficient time to heat castings to
temperature, quench in water or rapid air cool by other means.
A
M25S, while machinable in the “as-cast” condition, is capable of being solution treated for improved machinability. It may be subsequently age hardened to the
hardness specified in Table 3 and finished machined or ground.
B
For cross sections over 6 in. [125 mm], it may be necessary to increase the hold time if maximum softness is desired.
C
For maximum softness and the least variation in hardness levels, castings should be transferred from an oven at 1600°F [870°C] to a second oven at 1300°F [705°C].

5.2.2 Repair welding (see Section 11) 7. Chemical Composition

5.2.3 Source inspection requirements, if any (see Specifica- 7.1 These alloys shall conform to the chemical composition
tion A 781/A 781M), requirements prescribed in Table 1.
5.2.4 Marking-for-identification requirements, if any (see 7.2 An analysis of each master heat shall be made by the
13.1), and manufacturer to determine the percentages of the elements
5.2.5 Supplementary requirements desired, including the specified in Table 1. The analysis shall be made from a
standards of acceptance. representative sample taken during the pouring of the master
heat. Chemical composition shall be reported to the purchaser
6. Heat Treatment or his representative.
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6.1 Castings shall be heat treated in accordance with the 7.3 Test Methods E 76 or Test Methods E 354 shall be used
requirements in Table 2. for referee purposes. Test Methods E 30 or Methods E 38 shall
NOTE 1—Proper heat treatment of these alloys is usually necessary to
be used if Test Methods E 76 or Test Methods E 354 do not
enhance corrosion resistance and, in some cases, to meet mechanical include a method for some element present in the material.
properties. Minimum heat-treat temperatures are specified; however, it is
sometimes necessary to heat treat at higher temperatures, hold for some 8. Tensile Properties
minimum time at temperature, and then rapidly cool the castings in order 8.1 One tension test shall be made from each master heat
to enhance the corrosion resistance and meet mechanical properties. except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM when the master heat
6.2 When Class 1 is specified, grades CY40 and M25S shall is used to pour the castings. One tension test shall be made
be supplied in the as-cast condition. When Class 2 is specified, from each melt except for grades M25S and CY5SnBiM. Test
grades CY40 and M25S shall be supplied in the solution- results shall conform to the tensile requirements specified in
treated condition. When Class 3 is specified, grade M25S shall Table 3. Test bars shall be poured in special blocks from the
be supplied in the age-hardened condition. same heat as the castings represented.

TABLE 3 Mechanical Properties

CZ100 M35-1 M35-2 M30H M25S M30C N12MV N7M N3M CY40 CW- CW6M CW2M CW6MC CY5S- CX2MW CU5- CX2M
12MW nBiM MCuC
Tensile strength, 50 000 65 000 65 000 100 000 ... 65 000 76 000 76 000 76 000 70 000 72 000 72 000 72 000 70 000 ... 80 000 75 000 72 000
min, psi [MPa] [345] [450] [450] [690] [450] [525] [525] [525] [485] [495] [495] [495] [485] [550] [520] [495]
Yield strength, 18 000 25 000 30 000 60 000 ... 32 500 40 000 40 000 40 000 28 000 40 000 40 000 40 000 40 000 ... 45 000 35 000 39 000
min, psi [MPa] [125] [170] [205] [415] [225] [275] [275] [275] [195] [275] [275] [275] [275] [310] [240] [270]
Elongation in 2 in. 10.0 25.0 25.0 10.0 ... 25.0 6.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 4.0 25.0 20.0 25.0 ... 30.0 20.0 40
[50 mm],A min, %
B
Hardness HB ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
A
When ICI test bars are used in tensile testing as provided for in Specification A 732/A 732M, the gage length to reduced section diameter ratio shall be 4 to 1.
B
300 HB minimum for the age hardened condition.

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 A 494/A 494M – 05
8.2 The bar from which the test specimen is taken shall be or when the extent of the cavity exceeds approximately 10
heat treated in production furnaces to the same procedure as the in.2[65 cm2]. All other weld repairs shall be considered minor.
castings it represents. If the castings are not heat treated, the Major and minor weld repairs shall be subject to the same
bar used for the test specimen must not be heat treated. quality standards as are used to inspect the castings.
8.3 Test specimens may be cut from castings, at the produc- 11.3 Castings of M30H, M25S, and CY5SnBiM may not be
er’s option, instead of from test bars. weld repaired.
8.4 When castings are produced by methods other than 11.4 Grades N12MV, N7M, N3M, CW12MW, CW6M,
investment process, tension test coupons shall be machined to CW2M, CX2MW, CX2M, CW6MC, and CU5MCuC may
the form and dimension shown in Fig. 8 of, and tested in require post-weld heat treatment after major weld repairs. If
accordance with, Test Methods E 8. post-weld heat treatment is required, it must be specified along
8.4.1 When castings are produced by the investment pro- with the grade. If required, it shall be performed in accordance
cess, test specimens in accordance with Specification A 732/ with Section 6.
A 732M shall be used for measurement of tensile properties. 11.5 For grade CU5MCuC, the composition of the depos-
8.5 If any specimen shows defective machining or develops ited weld metal shall be similar to that of AWS A5.14 ER
flaws, it may be discarded and another substituted from the NiCrMo3 or AWS A5.11 E NiCrMo3.
same heats.
8.6 To determine conformance with the tension test require- 12. Rejection and Rehearing
ments, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded 12.1 Samples that represent rejected material shall be pre-
in accordance with Practice E 29 to the nearest 500 psi [3.5 served for two weeks from the date of transmission of the
MPa] for yield and tensile strength and to the nearest 1 % for rejection report. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the
elongation and reduction of area. tests, the manufacturer may make claim for a rehearing within
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance that time.
9.1 Critical surfaces of all castings intended for corrosion- 13. Product Marking
resistant service shall be cleaned. Cleaning may be accom-
plished by blasting with clean sand or metallic corrosion- 13.1 Castings shall be marked for the material identification
resistant shot or by other approved methods. with the ASTM specification designation (A 494/A 494M) and
grade symbol, that is, CY40. The manufacturer’s name or
10. Quality identification mark and the pattern number shall be cast or
10.1 The castings shall not be peened, plugged, or impreg- stamped on all castings except those of such small size as to
nated to stop leaks. make such marking impractical. To minimize small defects
10.2 Internal chills and chaplets may be used in the manu- caused by dislodged particles of molding sand, the number of
facture of castings. However, the chills, chaplets and affected cast identification marks shall be minimized. The marking of
cast material must be completely removed. heat numbers on individual castings shall be agreed upon by
the manufacturer and the purchaser. Markings shall be in such
11. Repair by Welding position as not to injure the usefulness of the casting.
11.1 Repairs shall be made by using a welding procedure 13.1.1 When the castings are too small to mark individually,
and operators capable of producing sound welds. The compo- a symbol traceable to the heat shall be placed on the castings
sition of deposited weld metal shall be similar to that of the and the required identification then placed on a tag affixed to
castings. the container in which these castings are shipped.
11.2 Weld repairs shall be considered major in the case of a
casting that has leaked on hydrostatic test or when the depth of 14. Keywords
the cavity after preparation for repair exceeds 20 % of the 14.1 corrosion-resistant applications; nickel; nickel alloy
actual wall thickness, or 1 in. [25 mm], whichever is smaller, castings; nickel alloys; nickel castings

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 A 494/A 494M – 05
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified in the purchase order. A
list of standard supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser is included in
Specification A 781/A 781M. Those which are ordinarily considered for use with this specification are
given below; others enumerated in Specification A 781/A 781M may be used with this specification
upon agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

S2. Radiographic Examination

S3. Liquid Penetrant Examination

S6. Certification

S10. Hardness Tests

S10.1 When composition M25S material is ordered with a
hardness maximum or range in the as-cast or solution-treated
condition, hardness tests shall be made in accordance with Test
Methods and Definitions A 370. The test location, number of
tests, and hardness values shall be agreed upon between the
manufacturer and purchaser.
S10.1.1 If castings are ordered in the as-cast condition,
hardness determinations shall be made on two different repre-
sentative areas of each casting or coupon selected for test.
S10.1.1.1 By agreement between purchaser and producer,
Metric Equivalents
those as-cast castings that fail to meet the required hardness
in. 1 3 4 12
may be accepted in the solution annealed and hardened
condition if the hardness thus developed meets the hardness [mm] [25] [75] [100] [305]

requirement of the specification.

NOTE—Riser shall be machined off and 1 in. [25 mm] square by 12 in.
S10.1.2 If castings ordered are in the solution-treated con- [305 mm] coupon shall be used for x-weld test. See Fig. 3.
dition, two sample castings or two coupons representing the lot FIG. 1 Weld Test Bar (As Cast)
shall be heat treated for tests (see S10.1.1). Hardness determi-
nations shall be made on two different representative areas of S22.1.1.4 The clamps may be removed from the specimen
each casting or coupon. after the first two weld passes have been completed.
S10.1.3 When hardness tests are made, the specimens shall S22.1.1.5 Deposit alternate series of passes until the double
be at least 1⁄4 in. [6 mm] in thickness and the area to be tested V-groove has been completely filled. After the second series
shall be ground clean before the hardness tests are made. (number 4 pass) a 5⁄32-in. [4-mm] diameter electrode may be
used if desired.
S22. Weldability Test S22.1.1.6 During welding allow each pass to cool, clean,
S22.1 If weldability tests are specified for M30C or M35-1, and examine visually for cracks. The presence of cracks shall
prepare a coupon obtained from a test bar shown in Fig. 1 or be cause for rejection.
Fig. 2 for each lot of composition M30C or M35-1 castings. S22.1.1.7 Upon completion of the welding, cut one section
The weld test to be used shall be agreed upon between the approximately 3⁄4 in. [19 mm] long transverse to the weld from
purchaser and manufacturer. each end and discard.
S22.1.1 Prepare and weld the test bar cast in accordance S22.1.1.8 Polish each end of the remaining center section on
with Fig. 1 and in accordance with Fig. 3. a 100/200-grit wheel and etch with concentrated HNO3 or with
S22.1.1.1 Machine the cast skin and unsound metal from Lepito’s etchant. Prepare Lepito’s etchant as follows: (1) 15 g
two adjacent faces of the as-cast specimen, exclude the riser of (NH4) 2SO4 dissolved in 75 cm3 of water; (2) 250 g of
face, and cut the specimen into approximately 6-in. [150-mm] FeCl3(powdered) dissolved in 100 cm3 of HCl; (3) mix
lengths. solutions (1) and (2) and add 30 cm3of HNO3.
S22.1.1.2 Clamp the two 6-in. [150 mm] lengths together to S22.1.1.9 Examine the etched section under low magnifica-
form a double V-joint and weld two passes at a time on tion (5 to 103). The lot represented by the test specimen shall
alternate sides of the specimen using 1⁄8-in. [3-mm] diameter be accepted if it complies with the following crack require-
electrodes that will deposit metal of similar composition of the ments: (1) Three cracks maximum in linear inch of base metal
test pieces. and (2) the length of any crack in the base metal does not
S22.1.1.3 Allow the specimen to cool to room temperature exceed 0.20 in. [5 mm].
between passes, remove all flux, and examine visually for S22.1.1.10 Cracks observed in the weld metal during the
cracks. low-magnification examination shall not be cause for rejection.
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Metric Equivalents
in. ⁄
14 38 ⁄ ⁄
34 1 1⁄ 8 2 3 ⁄4 3 1⁄ 4 6
[mm] [5] [10] [20] [30] [70] [85] [155]

FIG. 2 Weld Test Bar (As Cast)

or 5⁄32-in. [4-mm] diameter electrodes that will deposit metal of

similar composition of the test piece.
S22.1.2.2 Remove one 3⁄8-in. [10-mm] thick bend coupon
longitudinally from the welded block by machining, sawing,
abrasive cutting, or other suitable means. Make a transverse
side bend test of the welded joint in accordance with Practice
A 488/A 488M.
S22.1.2.3 Remove a transverse weld macro-specimen from
the welded plate and visually examine for cracks. This speci-
Metric Equivalents men may be the same one to be used for the bend specimen.
in. ⁄
34 4 1⁄ 2 S22.1.3 Acceptance:
[mm] [20] [115] S22.1.3.1 Cracks as tears in the casting in the fusion zone or
FIG. 3 X-Weld Test heat-affected zone of the macro-specimen shall be cause for
rejection. Cracks originating at the weld bead undercuts, at
S22.1.1.11 Failure of welded test bars to comply with any of weld slag inclusions, or at casting defects shall not be cause for
the requirements S22.1 through S22.1.1.10 shall result in rejection.
rejection of the lot represented. S22.1.3.2 Cracks or other open defects exceeding 1⁄8-in. [3.2
S22.1.2 Prepare and weld the test bar cast in accordance mm] measured in any direction on the convex surface of the
with Fig. 2 as follows: bent specimens shall be cause for rejection, except that cracks
S22.1.2.1 Fill the groove in the block completely with weld occurring on the corners while testing and cracks originating at
deposit using manual metallic arc process with 1⁄8-in. [3.2–mm] weld bead undercuts shall not be considered.

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 A 494/A 494M – 05
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,
A 494/A 494M - 04, that may impact the use of this standard. (September 1, 2005)

(1) Added new grade N3M to 11.4, Table 1, Table 2, and Table
3.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
A 494/A 494M - 03ae1 that may impact the use of this standard. (October 1, 2004.)

(1) Added CW6MC and CU5MCuC to 11.4 indicating PWHT (2) Corrected UNS Numbers in Table 1.
may be needed.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 494/A 494M – 03) that may impact the use of this standard. (October 1, 2003)

(1) Added new alloy CX2M.

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(A 494/A 494M – 01ae1) that may impact the use of this standard. (May 10, 2003)

(1) Added UNS numbers to Table 1 and deleted them else- (2) Deleted the dashes in the alloy designations.
where in the standard.

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