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    Gas Power Cycle - Internal Combustion Engine

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    Hashem Mohamed Hashem
    The Otto cycle describes the ideal thermodynamic cycle of a gasoline internal combustion engine. It consists of: 1) Isentropic compression of the air-fuel mixture. 2) Constant-volume heat addition from combustion. 3) Isentropic expansion of the combustion gases. 4) Constant-volume heat rejection. The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle increases with higher compression ratios. Real engines typically operate between compression ratios of 7 to 10.

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    Gas Power Cycle - Internal Combustion Engine

    Uploaded by

    Hashem Mohamed Hashem
    40 views5 pages
    The Otto cycle describes the ideal thermodynamic cycle of a gasoline internal combustion engine. It consists of: 1) Isentropic compression of the air-fuel mixture. 2) Constant-volume heat addition from combustion. 3) Isentropic expansion of the combustion gases. 4) Constant-volume heat rejection. The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle increases with higher compression ratios. Real engines typically operate between compression ratios of 7 to 10.

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    Gas Cycles

    Original Title

    Gas Cycles

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    The Otto cycle describes the ideal thermodynamic cycle of a gasoline internal combustion engine. It consists of: 1) Isentropic compression of the air-fuel mixture. 2) Constant-volume heat addition from combustion. 3) Isentropic expansion of the combustion gases. 4) Constant-volume heat rejection. The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle increases with higher compression ratios. Real engines typically operate between compression ratios of 7 to 10.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    40 views5 pages

    Gas Power Cycle - Internal Combustion Engine

    Uploaded by

    Hashem Mohamed Hashem
    The Otto cycle describes the ideal thermodynamic cycle of a gasoline internal combustion engine. It consists of: 1) Isentropic compression of the air-fuel mixture. 2) Constant-volume heat addition from combustion. 3) Isentropic expansion of the combustion gases. 4) Constant-volume heat rejection. The thermal efficiency of the Otto cycle increases with higher compression ratios. Real engines typically operate between compression ratios of 7 to 10.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Gas Power Cycle - Internal Combustion Engine

    Otto Cycle
    Otto Cycle
    P 3 T 3 • 1-2 isentropic compression
    • 2-3 constant volume heat
    transfer
    4 2
    2 • 3-4 isentropic expansion
    4
    • 4-1 constant volume heat
    1 1 rejection
    v s
    Thermal efficiency of the system:
    Wcycle W34 − W12 m[(u3 − u4 ) − (u2 − u1 )] (u − u )
    η= = = = 1− 4 1
    Qin Q23 m(u3 − u2 ) (u3 − u2 )
    (u4 − u1 ) C (T − T ) T  T / T −1 
    For an ideal gas, u=C vT , η =1 − = 1− v 4 1 = 1− 1  4 1 
    (u3 − u2 ) Cv (T3 − T2 ) T2  T3 / T2 − 1 
    Since T4 / T1 = T3 / T2 (why?)
    T1
    η = 1− . From isentropic compression relation for an ideal gas
    T2
    k −1
    T1  V2  1  V1 
    =  = k −1
    , where r=   is the volume compression ratio
    T2  V1  r  V2 
    Otto Cycle-2
    100
    Thermal efficiency of an Otto cycle,
    thermal efficiency

    80
    1
    60
    η = 1− k −1
    η( r ) r
    40
    Typical value of r for a real engine:
    20 between 7 and 10
    0
    0 3 6 9 12 15
    r
    compression ratio

    • The higher the compression ratio, the higher the thermal


    efficiency.
    • Higher r will led to engine knock (spontaneous ignition)
    problem.
    Improvement of Performance
    • Increase the compression ratio

    • Increase the engine displacement: more power

    • Compress more air into the cylinder during intake: using


    supercharger and turbocharger.

    • Cool the air before allowing it to enter the cylinder: cooler air
    can expand more, thus, increase the work output.

    • Reduce resistance during intake and exhaust stages: multiple


    valve configuration: 4 cylinders/16 valves engine

    • Fuel injection: do away with the carburetor and provide precise


    metering of fuel into the cylinders.
    Diesel Cycle
    2-3: a constant pressure
    P 2 3 T process (instead of a
    3 constant volume process)
    and is the only difference
    2 between an idealized
    4
    4 Diesel cycle and an
    idealized Otto cycle.
    1 1
    v s
    • Fuel injection for an extended period during the power stroke and therefore
    maintaining a relatively constant pressure.
    • Diesel cycle has a lower thermal efficiency as compared to an Otto cycle
    under the same compression ratio.
    • In general, Diesel engine has a higher thermal efficiency than spark-ignition
    engine because the Diesel engine has a much higher compression ratio.
    • Compression-ignition: very high compression ratio 10 to 20 or even higher.

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