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Busbar Protection

The document discusses different methods of busbar protection. It covers the basics of busbar protection including the need for protection due to faults. It then describes residually connected relay and core balance protection methods. High impedance differential protection is explained in detail through diagrams of internal and external fault conditions. The key aspects of high impedance protection include using a stabilizing resistor to ensure correct operation for external faults while still protecting for internal faults.

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DEADMAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
181 views

Busbar Protection

The document discusses different methods of busbar protection. It covers the basics of busbar protection including the need for protection due to faults. It then describes residually connected relay and core balance protection methods. High impedance differential protection is explained in detail through diagrams of internal and external fault conditions. The key aspects of high impedance protection include using a stabilizing resistor to ensure correct operation for external faults while still protecting for internal faults.

Uploaded by

DEADMAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BUSBAR PROTECTION

By
Makesh Kandan

Makesh Kandan
TOPICS TO BE COVERED

 GENERAL BASIS
 RESIDUALLY CONNECTED RELAY
 CORE BALANCE
 SBEF
 REF
High Impedance REF
Low Impedance REF

Makesh Kandan
GO THROUGH SOME BASIS

Busbar:
 Large Conductors that serves as a common connection point b/w two or more power circuits.
 Nerve Centre of the Power System.
 Need For Bus Protection
 In its absence fault clearance takes place in zone II of distance relay by remote end tripping.
 This means slow and unselective tripping and wide spread black out
 Effect of delayed clearance
 Greater damage at fault point
 Indirect shock to connected equipments like shaft of generator and windings of transformer
Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR FAULT – ORIGIN & CONSEQUENCES

ORIGIN:
 Failure of support insulator resulting in earth faults.
 Flash over across support insulator, causing flash over due to over-voltage.
 Heavily polluted insulator, causing flash-over due to overvoltage.
 Failure of other connected equipments Physical Damage to Insulation.
 Errors in the operation and maintenance of switch gear.

CONSEQUENCE:

Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION

 BUSBAR FAULT

Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – HIGH IMPEDANCE
SIMPLIFIED SLD (NO CHECK FEATURE)

R1
R2

Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – HIGH IMPEDANCE
SIMPLIFIED SLD (NO CHECK FEATURE)

Z1
Z2

Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – CHECK FEATURE

 Second Line of Defense


 Duplication of Primary
Protection using a
second set of CTs on all
circuits other than bus
section and buscoupler.
Z1
 Does not Discriminate Z2
b/w faults in various
section of busbars.
 Trip Logic
Zone-1 Relay
CZ

Zone-2 Relay

Check Relay
Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – HIGH IMPEDANCE
External Fault Condition (No CT Saturation)

Rct Rly Rlx Rct

Y ZM Rr ZM X

Current in the Relay is ‘Zero’


F
Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – HIGH IMPEDANCE
When a CT saturates, the
External Fault Condition (CT Saturation) magnetic field requires more
current than normal to
maintain the current
transformation, which means
Voltage across
that Relay,
there is V R = IYcurrent
less (Rlx + Rct)
Rct Rly Rlx Rct injected into the CT secondary
Settingcircuit.
Voltage, Vs > VR (For No Operation)

IY = I f Vs = IR * R ,
Where,
IR = Relay Current Setting
Y ZM VR Rr ZM X R = Relay Circuit Impedance

Ix = 0 R= +

Stabilizing Resistor (Rst):


False Differential Current Flows Through Relay
F Rst = R - Rr
Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – HIGH IMPEDANCE
External Fault Condition (CT Saturation)
 A stabilizing resistance was added in
series
Rct Rly Rlx Rct
 When CT fully saturates, its magnetic
field impedance is effectively 0.00Ω

Rst
 The current will want to flow around
the outside of the equivalent circuit
Y ZM ZM X because the outside circuit has a lower
Rr impedance path during external faults.
 Scheme becomes Stable for the
external faults.

F
Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – HIGH IMPEDANCE
Internal Fault Condition
 A stabilizing resistance was added in
F series
Rct Rly Rlx Rct

Rst
Y ZM ZM X
Rr

Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – HIGH IMPEDANCE

High Impedance Scheme:


 A stabilizing resistor (Rs) to force the false-differential
currents through the CTs instead of the differential
circuit.
 A current detection unit (87) or voltage detection unit
(87Z) set to trip if the differential current or voltage is
greater than its setpoint
 An MOV to limit the possible voltage created across
the differential circuit
 An 86 contact that will close after the relay trips to
ensure no dangerous voltages are applied to the
secondary circuit.

Makesh Kandan
Thank You for Listening

Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – HIGH IMPEDANCE
External Fault Condition (CT Saturation)

Rct Rly Rlx Rct

Rst
Y ZM ZM X
Rr

Current in the relay is ‘Zero’


F
Makesh Kandan
BUSBAR PROTECTION – HIGH IMPEDANCE
External Fault Condition (CT Saturation)

Rct Rly Rlx Rct

Rst
Y ZM ZM X
Rr

Current in the relay is ‘Zero’


F
Makesh Kandan

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