International Journal of Economics and Society April 2015, Issue 1

DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’AESTHETICAL TASTE BY MEANS

OF MUSIC AND THEATRICAL GENRES

Oleksandra Kachmar
Ph.D (Pedagogy)
Associate professor, Department of Art
Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University
Ukraine

Abstract: Studying of music art at high school is of great importance for all-round progress of young personality.
The aim of modern Music Pedagogy is forming music educated students as an integral part of personality’s inner culture.
Education was and has been the main part of forming personality the exceptional part plays art education developing the
inner values in student’s consciousness through beauty as aesthetical category. The aim of this research is introduction of
music-theatrical history (operetta, musical comedy, rock-music) and their influence on future functioning variety art and
musical mass genres and the influence on authentic culture of modern student.

Key words: music- theatrical genres, music hall, operetta, musical comedy.

1. Introduction cafes so called “cafe-concerts”. There were better conditions

In music - pedagogical and music studying literature a for organizing concerts and the concerts size increased.
great part is devoted to studying the problems of functioning Cabaret originates from so called restaurant variety
music - theatrical genres and first of all to operetta and form. At first cabaret were improvised performances
music comedy. The number of researches paid attention to organized by poets, musicians, actors in literature and art
incipience and development of these genres. cafes. They have gained popularity in France, mostly in
V. Vayner, T. Cudinova, M.Yanovskyi and others Paris, since 80th of XIX. In café poets recited poems, actors
were interested in operetta’s problems. Ye.Andruschenko, sang actual songs, performing satirical scenes. Feeling of
L.Danko, Ye.Kostyuk and others devoted their researchers to holiday, freedom, solemness were expressed in these short
musical comedy. scenes and travesty in cabaret cafes. The performances
Relevance appeal to the question of relationship usually took place at night. Later professional actors started
of variety art and music-theatrical branch is determined to play there.
by the wish to conduct a systematic research of this Simple form of variety art developing and improving
problem: to substitute the appearance of youth subculture became grandiose music-hall performance and concert
as inner paradigm of the second part of XX c. Taking into variety on the one side and on another one complicating the
consideration the influence of music theatre too. Music- contentof variety performance became a variety theatre and
theatrical branch was one of the component influencing miniature that is a theatre-cabaret.
greatly on the development of many music genres. Music-hall appeared at the early XX c. can be
Practical importance of this article is that its material considered as concert-café of huge size which later turned
can be used for giving lectures on History of Music Art and into variety art theatres. First café-concerts distinguished
in cultural education activities, in organizing different types by seclusion room, small audience and the modesty of
of scenic activity. actors. A new, larger variety show was inspired by the café-
conferences’ evolution and concerts in the restaurants halls at
2. Materials and methods hotels in England in 1893 - 1840. The start of English variety
One component of art is music-theatrical branch and art development became the beginning of large entertainment
we are going to discuss some types of theatrical genres, and it was the same process in the other countries. Out -
influencing directly and indirectly on forming variety art and doors entertainment depended on the weather and gave a way
later on modern music styles. to leisure in halls. English pubs let in actors and musicians.
Café - chantant. In the middle of XVIIc. in many Wandering companies gave different concerts in castles and
port and industrial cities of many countries were opened palaces. So a new form of entertainment for England became
cafes and restaurants where visitors were entertained with music-hall that is music halls at palaces and hotels [2].
music, songs and dances. Variety art of care - chantantbet For a long time concert program consisted of
on original, unusual and extraordinary performance. Variety performances by comic singers and circus performers. A
art performances and genres of this type came from France, master of ceremonies led the performance. He sat in the
partially on the stages of boulevard theatres and on the stages corner of the stage, introduced actors to the audience and
of first chantant. commented the performance. Draw parallels a disk jockey
Café-concert - is a café with more varied, in comparison will do the same at future discotheques.
with café - chantants, concert program. Since 1850 tiny café- In 1870 – 1880 huge Paris café concert were called
chantans had been replaced gradually by more entertaining music-halls too. At their stages an old diverse program was

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substituted by a play review with much more performers and English composer E. Weber created a few musicals and rock-
luxurious design and it became alter one of the most important operettas determining this genre in these years (”Kittens”,”
attributes of rock-performances, especially different festivals Phantom of the opera”,”Jesus Christ-super - star”). Musical
and concerts. became one of the most popular genres in the world's music
Variety includes music, theatrical and circus elements theatre [1,120]. Since the middle of 1990th peculiar effect of
and it is very close to music-hall, cabaret performances and musical had been made all over the world “Underground”,
etc. In 1870 in first French varieties appeared singers, dancers, “Cathedral of our Lady of the Paris”, “Chicago”,” East
conjurers. This turn was used to call art entertainments of Wicks' witches”, “North-East”, “Romeo and Juliet” and
different forms [4, 50] . many others.
Musical - music-scene genre used at its beginning Since musical can be considered theatrical variety
expressive music means, principles of drama, choreography art genre synthesizing music ( jazz, chanson, country,
and operetta art as a form of music art musical appeared after rock) dance, singing with microphone, acrobatics and other
the First World War in the USA and it involved varied sources circus performances. The program is made according to the
spread both in Europe and overseas different entertainments “numbers” of performances. They are combined by the plot
(ministeli-show, burleck, vodevil, review, operetta, music- and very often based on the serious literature source.
hall) [4, 43-44]. The experience of Western colleagues had been
There was an interesting event from the history of very useful to the modern Russian composers who wrote
music appearance. Because of the fire the actors of New- York a great number of successful musicals. Among them there
music theatre left unemployed. The producer asked for a help are musicals “Yunona and Uvos” by O.Pubnikov”, “Three
the director of Drama theatre and they joined efforts of both musketeers” and “Merry Popins” by M.Dungevskiy, and
different theatrical companies, they staged an unordinary “Bremen musicians” by Hladkova are very popular with
performance which had been appraised by the audience for 5 children.
years. The experiment was a success and a new genre spread The attempt to create home musical was made by
fast at the theatre [2158-160]. such composers as O.Kolker, V.Dushkevych and others.
Musical in its varied forms is very alive art. Musical Musical “The adventures on the Mississippi” by Levko and
itself was called differently; comic comedy, operetta, ZhannaColodub was a vivid event in writing musical. It was
budonada, music comedy and etc. The best musicals have made on the plot of M.Twain musical “The adventures of
three main features: Tom Soyer and Heklberry Finn”. The adventure plot of the
- style and context; musical includes musical performances of Afro- American
- true and sincere emotions; Folklore with jazz intonations and rhythms.
- courage to do something creative and interesting So, musicals are very different by content, mood and
Musical involved a lot of different genres from literature form but they have become one of the most vivid
operetta to singing, from ballet to dancing, from drama theatrical-musical modern entertainment.
theatre to action. All this musical jointed l by music which Musical comedy is music and scenic composition
can be varied and unexpected, from light to serious. built on the base of comedy. The term “musical comedy” is
At first musical was considered entertainments like used as synthesis and can be referred to almost all genres
music concert which consists of different performances mentioned above and also to operetta and musical. Musical
joint by conventional plot. But the authors of musicals comedy as independent genre of musical theatre appeared at
distinguished very fast great opportunities of this genre. Very the end of XIXth. Unlike to operetta the music of musical
restricted scene’s size gave almost full freedom of action. comedy is not so closely tied with the action and deployed
It was encouraged by great commercial success of musical musical scenes are very rare in it. For musical comedy it is
among audience. Staged in 1927 musiccomedy “Swimming usual to use songs genres and social dances[3,144].
theatre” O.Hammerstane with J.Hern’s music is considered Undoubtly, the most important genre to feed music
the first musical [1,409]. variety art in XIX was operetta. The peculiarities of operetta
Due to open form musical was enriched using different as a genre were explained by extraordinary combination of
theatrical and variety art genres such as review and music- art. The characteristic feature was alternation dialogues with
hall, clownery and circus tricks. In 1920-1950 jazz had a great singing during the performance. Such basketry is an ancient
influence. Music language and songs were becoming more tradition of folk art. The actor were combining their singing
complicated and improved; a number of episodes gained and reciting and they were buffoons, mimes, lutsediys. Each
symphonic development. J. Yershvin, R.Rodgers, C Vayl and of them had several professions and combined them in one
other were creating their compositions at that moment. person as a musician, a singer, a dancer, a teller, a balancer,
Term “musical ” approved after World War II . The a trainer of animals.
end of 1950-1960th is considered as the period of musical As an independent genre operetta appeared in 50th
blossom (F. Low, L Bernstain , J. Stain). American musicals of XIX from musical farces with parody and entertainment
‘‘My beautiful lady”, “West side story”; “Cabaret”, “Hello, character and were very popular with Parisian. FlorimonErve
Dolly” “Violinist on the roof” became popular in Europe . The and Jack Offenbuch (whose music “Cuncun” from operetta
end of 1960 was marked with genre’s crisis, because a new “Orphey in hell” is familiar almost to everybody) were the
form - rock operetta -displaced it for some time. In1970-80 founders of French classical operetta.

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Since the end of 70th in XIX Vienna has become the made new ways in their activities closely connected with
capital of operetta and the development of this genre has mass song and folklore. Large music groups, finals, orchestra
started there. The genre changed its liric - comedical and episodes were included in their operettas. I. Dynayevskiy's
became an entertaining music melodrama. Composer Y. style was based on town and instrumental home music, but
Shtraus is considered the bright representative of Vienna also connected with operetta and jazz. “The son of clown”
operetta. He wrote about 19 operettas, “Flying mouse” and ” and “White acacia” was the best among them. They were full
Gipsy baron”. of optimism and trust in life [2,160].
At the beginning of XX c. Austrian operetta was
the most dramatic and sentimental simultaneously. Such 3. Conclusions
trend was called “ neovienna operetta”, the most famous The development of music and theatrical forms were
representatives of this genre are FrantsLegar, ImreCalman present in all types of music variety art and they have been
and others. presented by nowadays. They turned into original “theatres of
The famous Hungarian composer ImreCalman, the songs”, the theatricality of variety art and etc. The interaction
writer of so-called neovienna operetta took special part in theatre and variety art influenced beneficial both on the
the development of this genre. His master-pieces “Silva”, concert repertoire of actors and encouraged further blossom
“Buyudera”, “The princess of the circus”, “The queen of of variety art as a whole.
Chardash”, “The violet of Monmartre” have been on the Existing problems of interaction music and theatrical
stage for centuries and their first night have been success genres with popular music are too difficult to be solved and
and sold out. They brought the author to the top of operettas there is a perspective for their future research. It is necessary
Olimp, their melodies have been heard all over the world, to reveal better the specific of functioning variety art as art
Hungarian, folk music has attracted the audience with its culture which is closely connected with different types of art,
charming melody and unrestrained temperaments. especially music and theatric.
England was the third country to make home operetta
after France ant Austria. Their founder were the composers A. References
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Information about author

Oleksandra Kachmar, Ph.D (Pedagogy), Associate professor, Department of Art, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National
University, Shevchenko str., 57, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76025, Ukraine, email for correspondence: oleksandra75@mail.ru

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