Volume 3, Issue 3, March– 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Car Accident Prevention and Detection using

Eyeblink Sensor and Accelerometer with Arduino
S. Aysha Banu, M. Bhavani Jayashree, V.Vijayalakshmi
R. Hemavathy , R. Indhumathi Department of ECE
Department of ECE Achariya college of engineering technology
Achariya college of engineering technology.

Abstract:- This paper discusses the process of developing a II. METHODOLOGY

accident prevention and detection system using short
message services. With the growing population the use of The main elements of the prototype model of an
car as became superfluous and this has led to increase in automatic car accident detection and messaging are GSM and
the number of accidents at the alarm rate. This project GPS module and Arduino UNO. The working of this model
aims at detecting the accident and reporting the location of will be made in the following steps:
accident to the previously coded numbers. This helps in a
speedy service from the ambulance and the concerned A. An eyeblink sensor is used to measure and controls the eye
person. The GPS and GSM technology is used to locate the blink using IR sensor. If the eyes are closed it means the
position of the car in the form of latitude and longitude output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver output
coordinates and sends it through SMS. When is low. If it is high then buzzer will be ON else the buzzer will
accelerometer is triggered, it helps in detecting the be OFF.
accident and sending the signal to the Arduino of the
system. This further helps in sending the message to the B. The accelerometer is used to sense the vibration and tilt
concerned person. When eyeblink sensor is triggered, it condition at the time of accident . If there is any change in the
works against drowsiness and makes the driver aware of acceleration and beyond the threshold value.The
accident. Microcontroller of the hardware gets activated and at the same
time, GPS module is triggered ON. It detects the latitude and
Keywords:- Arduino,GSM,GPS,Eye blink sensor, longitudinal position of the car.
Accelerometer.
C. The latitude and longitude position of the car is sent as a
I. INTRODUCTION message through the Global System for Mobile
Communication(GSM)to the pre-saved numbers.
We often come across the fact that when an accident
occurs the people nearby have to manually call the ambulance III. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM
which leads to waste of time. Hence there is a delay for
emergency services to arrive at the location of the accident.
Proposed system makes an effort to provide the emergency
facilities to the victims in the shortest time possible. It
incorporates an embedded system that contains GPS and GSM
modules connected with an Arduino UNO. An eyeblink sensor
is used to measure and controls the eye blink using IR sensor.
The IR transmitter is used to transmit the infrared rays in our
eyes. The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected infrared
rays from our eyes. If the eyes are closed it means the output
of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR receiver output is low.
This to know the eye is closing or opening position of the
eyes. This output is given to logic circuit to indicate the final
output i.e. alarm. The accelerometer is used to measure the
vibration and tilt condition at the time of accident. Global
Positioning System(GPS) is used to identify the location of
the vehicle .GSM is used to inform the exact vehicular Fig 1:- block diagram of the system
location in the form of the longitude and latitude coordinates
to the preceded numbers using an SMS.GSM module IV. HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND DESIGN
provides a two way communication by using a SIM card. Such
a module works in the same manner as a regular phone. This A. Arduino UNO
application provides the optimum solution to poor emergency Arduino UNO is a micro-controller board based on
facilities provided to the roads accidents in the most feasible the ATmega328P.It has 14 digital input/output pins, out of
way. which 6 can be used as PWM outputs, 6 analog inputs, a

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Volume 3, Issue 3, March– 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
16MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an whenever the signal is high, the IR transmitter LED is
ICSP header and a reset button. The Arduino Uno can be conducting it passes the IR rays to the receiver. The IR
powered via the USB connection or with an external power receiver is connected with comparator. The comparator is
supply. The power source is selected automatically. The constructed with LM 2903 operational amplifier. In the
board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts comparator circuit the reference voltage is given to inverting
thought the recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. 3,5,6,9,10 input terminal. The non-inverting input terminal is connected
and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analog write() IR receiver. When interrupt the IR rays between the IR
function. External (non-USB) Power can come either from an transmitter and receiver, the IR receiver is not conducting. So
AC to DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be the comparator non inverting input terminal voltage is higher
connected by plugging a 2.1 mm center-positive plug into the than inverting input. Now the comparator output is in the
board’s power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in range of +5V. This voltage is given to microcontroller or PC
the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. and so led will glow. When IR transmitter passes the rays to
receiver, the IR receiver is conducting due to that non
B .GPS inverting input voltage is lower than inverting input. Now the
The Navigation System with Timing and Ranging comparator output is GND so the output is given to
(NAVSTAR)Global Positioning System (GPS) was conceived microcontroller or PC.
as a ranging system from known positions of satellites in
E. Accelerometer
space to unknown positions on land, sea, in air and space. The
GPS constellation consists of 24 satellites in 6 orbital planes We have used a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis
with 4 satellites in each plane. The ascending nodes of the accelerometer with signal conditioned voltage outputs. The
product measures acceleration with a minimum full-scale
orbital planes are separated by 60 degrees and the planes are
inclined 55 degrees. Each GPS satellite is in an approximately range of ±3 g. It can measure the static acceleration of gravity
in tilt-sensing applications, as well as dynamic acceleration
circular, semi-synchronous (20,200 km altitude) orbit. The
orbits of the GPS satellites are available by broadcast - resulting from motion, shock, or vibration. User can select the
superimposed on the GPS pseudorandom noise codes (PRN), bandwidth of the accelerometer using the CX, CY, and CZ
capacitors at the XOUT, YOUT, and ZOUT pins. Bandwidth
or after post-processing to get precise ephemerides, they are
scan be selected to suit the application, with a range of 0.5 Hz
available from organizations such as the Jet Propulsion Lab
(JPL) or the International Geodetic Service (IGS) among to 1600 Hz for the X and Y axes, and a range of 0.5 Hz 550Hz
for the Z axis. As like flex sensor, output of accelerometer is
others. The GPS receivers convert the satellite's signals into
also analog one. It should be converted into digital before
position, velocity, and time estimates for navigation,
using it for further processing. Such accelerometer is used in
positioning, time dissemination, or geodesy.
many applications like mobile devices, gaming system, image
C. GSM stabilization, tilt sensing applications etc.
The GSM/GPRS modem utilizes the GSM network to F. Buzzer
send the location of the accident. The modem can be The Buzzer used is 1-8S LiPo Battery Voltage Tester
controlled by a microcontroller through AT Command set. low volt alarm buzzer and LED. It is used for testing 1-8S
The WavecomQ2403 is proposed for this system. It supports Lipo/Li-ION/LiMn/Li-Fe. The voltage display range :0.5-
dual frequency (GSM/GPRS 900/1800MHz) with voice 4.5V. The 1S Test Mode voltage range:3.7-30V and there is a
function and RS-232 interface. This modem supports all the low voltage alarm mode for 2-8S. The Alarm set value rang is
AT Commands. GSM (Global System for Mobile OFF-2.7-3.8V.
communication) is a digital mobile telephony system that is
widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. GSM uses G. Potentiometer
a variation of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a
most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony sliding or rotating contact that forms an adjustable voltage
technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM Modem used divider If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper,
here is simple to interface serial interface used to send SMS, it acts as a variable resistor or rheostat. The measuring
make and receive calls, and do other GSM operations by instrument called a potentiometer is essentially a voltage
controlling it through simple AT commands from micro divider used for measuring electric potential (voltage); the
controllers and computers. We have used highly popular SIM component is an implementation of the same principle, hence
300 module for all its operations. It comes with a standard its name. Potentiometer are commonly used to control
RS232 interface which can be used to easily interface the electrical devices such as volume controls on audio
modem to microcontrollers and computers. equipment. Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be
used as position transducers, for example, in a joystick.
D. Eye Blink Sensor Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant
Here, we have used the infrared sensor CNY 70. It power (more than a watt), since the power dissipated in the
consists of Infrared transmitter which is one type of LED, potentiometer would be comparable to the power in the
which emits infrared rays generally called as IR Transmitter. controlled load.
Similarly, IR Receiver is used to receive the IR rays
transmitted by the IR transmitter. One important point is both
IR transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line to
each other. The transmitted signal is given to IR transmitter

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Volume 3, Issue 3, March– 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
H. LCD
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display or
other electronically modulated optical device that uses the VII. FLOWCHART
light-modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals
do not emit light directly, instead using
a backlight or reflector to produce images in colour
or monochrome. LCDs are available to display arbitrary
images (as in a general-purpose computer display) or fixed
images with low information content, which can be displayed
or hidden, such as preset words, digits, and 7
segment displays, as in a digital clock. They use the same
basic technology, except that arbitrary images are made up of
a large number of small pixels, while other displays have
larger elements. LCDs are used in a wide range of applications
monitors, televisions, aircraft cockpit displays, and indoor and
outdoor signage.
V. SOFTWARE USED
A. Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
In order to program the Arduino Uno
microcontroller, the Arduino Integrated Development
Environment (IDE), a cross platform application written in
Java that is self-installable, is used. The Arduino programs are
written in C/C++. The Arduino IDE provides a powerful yet
user-friendly programming environment. It allows compilation
and uploading programs to the board through a USB
connection the program for this project initializes and checks
for a valid coordinate from the NEO-6Q GPS receiver and
display on LCD. It then sends this coordinate to the LEON-G Fig 2:- Flowchart of the system
100 GSM module to be transmitted through the SMS.

VI. ALGORITHM VIII. RESULT

Step 1: Start.
Step 2: Car starts and the eyeblink sensor gets triggered.
Step 3:If blinking rate is 0 then buzzer turns on else goto step
4
Step 4: Set threshold value for accelerometer.
Step 5: Read the acceleration value from the accelerometer.
Step 6:If loop condition is satisfied ,GPS detects the exact
location of the car.
Step 7:If loop condition is not satisfied ,there is no accident.
Step 8:Display the coordinates in lcd.
Step 9:Send text message to the pre-saved numbers.
Step 10:Stop.

Fig 3:- Circuit Design

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Volume 3, Issue 3, March– 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
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