STUDY NOTES FOR BANK

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANK
Candidates hope you were doing well in can be no ratio between Rs 20 and 30
your studies. Now its turn of third piller of mangoes.
math in study note series i.e. Ratio and The ratio 2 to 3 is written as 2 : 3 or 2/3. 2
Proportion. So lets start… and 3 are called the terms of the ratio. 2 is
the first term and 3 is the second term.
Consequent
In the ratio 2 :3 , 2 is the antecedent and 3
is the consequent.
Note:
Ratio & Proportion is one of the trickiest
(1) The word ‘consequent ’ literally means
chapters which leaves many candidates a bit
‘that which goes after’.
confused and most of the candidates leave
(2) Since the quotient obtained on dividing one
these questions untouched.
concrete quantity by another of the same
We will tell you here the basics of Ratio and
kind is an abstract number, the ratio
Proportion along with some important short
between two concrete quantities of the same
tricks and questions which will surely make
kind is an abstract number. Thus, the ratio
the chapter easy for you all.
between Rs 5 and 7 is 5:7.
Ratio and Proportion
Compound Ratio
Ratios are compound by multiplying
together the antecedents for a new
antecedent, and the consequents for a new
consequent.
Ex: Find the ratio compound of the ratio:
4:3, 9: 13, 26 : 5 and 2:15
The number of times one quantity
Solution;
contains another quantity of the same
kind is called the ratio of the two
The required ratio =
quantities.
Inverse Ratio
Observe carefully that the two quantities
 If 2:3 be the given ratio, then 1/2: 1/3 or 3
must be of the same kind. There can be a
:2 is called its inverse or reciprocal ratio.
ratio between Rs.20 and Rs 30, but there
 If the antecedent = the consequent, the ratio
is called the ratio of equality, such as 3:3.

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANK
 If the antecedent >the consequent, the ratio the third, and 24 the fourth. The first and
is called the ratio of greater inequality, as 4 fourth terms, i.e. 6 and 24 are called the
:3 extremes (end terms), and the second and
 If the antecedent < the consequent, the ratio the third terms, i.e., 18 and 8 are called the
is called the ratio of less inequality, as 3 : 4. means (middle terms). 24 is called the
Ex. Divide 1458 into two parts such that one fourth proportional.
may be to the other as 2: 7. 1. If your quantities be in proportion, the
Solution: product of the extremes is equal to the
product of the means.
1st part = Let the four quantities 3, 4, 9 and 12 be in
proportion.
nd
2 part =
We have ,

2. Three quantities of the same kind are said to

Proportion be in continued proportion when the ratio of
Consider the two ratios: the first to the second is equal to the ratio of
1st ratio 2nd ratio the second the third.
6 : 18 8 : 24 The second quantity is called the mean
Since 6 is one-third of 18, and 8 is one – proportional between the first and the third
third of 24, the two ratios are equal. The ; and the third quantity is called the third
equality of ratio is called proportion. proportional to the first and second.
The number 6, 18, 8 and 24 are said to be in Thus, 9, 6 and 4 are in continued proportion
proportion. for 9 :6 ::6 :4.
The proportion may be written as Hence, 6 is the mean proportional between
6 : 18 :: 8 : 24 (6 is to 18 as 8 is to 24) 9 and 4, and 4 is the third proportional to 9
and 6.
Or, 6 :18 = 8:24 or Ex. Find the fourth proportional to the numbers
The numbers 6, 18, 8 and 24 are called the 6, 8 and 15.
terms. 6 is the first terms, 18 the second, 8 Solution:

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANK
If x be the fourth proportional, then 6 : 8 = Ex. : If 15 men can reap a filed in 28 days, in
15:x how many days will 10 men reap it?
Solution:
Here, it will be seen that if the number of
Ex. Find the third proportional to 15 and 20. men be increased 2, 3,4,….times, the
Solution: number of days will be decreased 2, 3,
Here, we have to find a fourth proportional 4…times. Therefore, the inverse ratio of the
to 15, 20 and 20. If x be the fourth number of men is equal to the ratio of the
proportional, we have 15 :20 = 20:x corresponding number of days.

Direct Proportion: consider the following Or , 10: 15 :: 28 : the required number of

example . days the required number of days=
Ex.: If 5 ball cost Rs 8, what do 15 balls cost?
Solution:
It will be seen at once that if the number of The above example is an illustration of what
balls be increased 2, 3, 4,….times, the price is called inverse proportion. In this case, the
will also be increased 2, 3, 4… times. two quantities are so related that if one of
Therefore, 5 balls is the same fraction of 15 them is multiplied by any number, the other
balls that the cost of balls is of the cost of is divided by the same number, and vice
15 balls. versa
5 balls : 15 balls :: Rs8 : required cost the Ex : The employer decreases the number of his
employees in the ratio 10 :9 and increase
required cost = Rs =Rs 24 their ways in the ratio 11:12. What is the
This, example is an illustration of what is ratio of his two expenditures?
called direct proportion. In this case, the Solution:
two given quantities are so related to each The required ratio = 10×11 : 9 ×12 = 55 : 54
other that if one of them is multiplied (or Ex: A vessel contains liquid A and B in ratio 5
divided) by any number, the other is also :3. If 16 liters of the mixture are removed
multiplied (or divided) by the same number. and the same quantity of liquid B is added,
Inverse Proportion: Consider the the ratio becomes 3 :5. What quantity does
following example the vessel hold?

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANK
Solution: Arjun and Chirag is 4 : 7. What was the age
Quicker Method: of Vinay 5 years back?
When the ratio is reversed (i.e., 5:3 Solution:
becomes 3 :5), we can use the formula; Given Age of Vinay + Arjun = 48 and
Vinay is 4 yrs older than Chirag So, Arjun

Total quantity = ×Quantity of A in + Chirag

the removed mixture = 44 and Arjun : Chirag = 4 : 7

Comparing B + C = 11

= liters So, 11 = 44

Example: If A: B = 2:5 and B:C = 7:3 then 1=4

find A:B:C Arjun = 4×4 = 16 yrs

Solution: Chirag = 7×4 = 28 yrs

A:B=2:5 Vinay = 32 yrs

B:C=7:3 Age of Vinay 5yrs back = 32-5 = 27 yrs

In this, value of B has to be same so to Example : The ratio of the ages of A and B

equate the value of B, we can take LCM of is 6 : 5. The difference between the ages of

both the values of B i.e. (5×7) = 35 C and A is more than 3 years. The age of D

So multiply (A : B) by 7 and (B : C) by 5 is a prime number between the ages of A

Hence, A : B : C = 14 : 35 : 15 and B. The ratio of the ages of B and C is 2

Example : If ratio of A : B : C is given in : 3. If the ages of all four are integers, what

reciprocals, then convert it. is the difference between the ages of C and

Solution: Suppose, if A : B : C = (1/2): D?

(1/3): (1/5) Solution: Given ratio of A : B = 6 : 5 and B

take any number which is multiple of the :C=2:3

product (2×3×5) = 30 So, A : B : C = 12 : 10 : 15

Now multiply it in the numerator part Now let’s use conditions given i.e.

A:B:C (i) All ages of A, B, C and D should be

= (30/2) : (30/3) : (30/5) = 15:10:6 integers.

Example : The sum of the ages of Vinay (ii) difference of age between A and C should

and Arjun is 48 years. Vinay is 4 years be more than 3 yrs but from the above ratio

older than Chirag. The ratio of the ages of difference is only 3 yrs.
So, we have to take A : B : C = 24 : 20 :

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANK
(iii) age of D lies between A and B and it should father at 5yrs ago and 3 yrs after should be
be prime number equal to the difference between age of son
Numbers between 24 and 20 are = 23, 22, at 5yrs ago and 3 yrs. To achieve this
21 and 23 is the prime number. So, the age condition, we manipulate the ratio.
of D is 23 Father : Son
Difference of C and D = 30 – 23 = 7yrs 5yrs ago 21 : 6
Example : Ten years ago, the ages of Alok 3yrs after 25 : 10
and Sanjay were in the ratio 6 : 7. After six now, we can see that 25-21 = 4 and 10-6 = 4
years, Alok's age would be 9.09% less than difference between 3yrs after and 5 yrs ago
Sanjay's age. What would be age of Sanjay = 8yrs
after 9 years? So, 4 = 8 yrs
Solution: In percentage topic we have 1 = 2 yrs
learnt that 9.09% = 1/11, if age of Sanjay hence age of father’s 5 yrs ago is 42 yrs and
after 6 yrs is X then age of Alok will be X – 7yrs ago = 40 yrs.
(1/11)X = (10/11)X hence ratio of Alok and Example : A stick is broken up into two
Sanjay = (10/11)X : X = 10 : 11 parts. The ratio of the lengths of the bigger
Alok : Sanjay part and the smaller part is equal to the ratio
10yrs ago 6 : 7 of the lengths of the full stick and the bigger
after 6yrs 10 : 11 part. What is this ratio?
Difference between both these are 16 yrs Solution: Let the length of bigger part of
So, 4 = 16 the rod is 1 m and the length of smaller part
1=4 of the rod is x m, then total length of the rod
hence, age of Sanjay after 6 yrs = 11×4 = 44 is (1+x) m
age of Sanjay after 9 yrs = 44 + 3 = 47 yrs Given, ratio of bigger to smaller is equal to
Example : Five years ago, the ages of a ratio of the length of full stick to bigger part
father and son were in the ratio 7 : 2. After So, 1/x = (1+x) /1
three years, their ages would be in the ratio x2 + x = 1
5 : 2. What was father's age 7 years back? x2 + x – 1 = 0
Solution: Father : Son using quadratics x = (-1 ± √ 5)/2
5yrs ago 7 : 2 but x = (-1+√ 5)/2 is the answer, because
3yrs after 5 : 2 another will give the negative answer.
Example : The difference between age of Example : The contents of two vessels

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANK
containing wine and water in the ratio 2 : 3 water in the ratio 3 : 2 and another contains
and 5 : 6 are mixed in the ratio 10 : 7. What them in the ratio 4 : 5. How many litres of
would be the ratio of wine and water in the the former must be mixed with 15 litres of
final mixture? the latter so that the resultant mixture
Solution: Wine Water contains equal quantities of wine and water?
vessel 1 2 : 3 Solution: In this, after mixing of both
vessel 2 5 : 6 different mixture , quantity of wine and
to make the total quantity same in both water becomes equal.
vessel we have to multiply ratio of vessel 1 Let X litre of mixture 1 is mixed with 15
by (5+6= 11) and vessel 2 by (2+3 = 5) litres of mixture 2, then
Now, Vessel 1 22 : 33 (3/5)X + (4/9)15 = (2/5)X + (5/9)15
Vessel 2 25 : 30 X/5 = 15/9
But, vessel 1 and vessel 2 are mixed in the X = 75/9 = 25/3
ratio of 10 : 7. How to do it by using ratio concept and
So, wine = 22×10+25×7 = 395 above discussed methodology?
water = 33×10+30×7 = 540 Ultimately we have to equal the ratio of
It is given that two vessels containing wine wine and water in the final mixture.
and water in the ratio 2 : 3 and 5 : 6 but both Wine : Water
vessels have same quantity of total mixture. Mix 1 3 : 2
So, ratio of wine and water in final mixture Mix 2 4 : 5
= 395 : 540 = 79 : 108 We have to make the sum of quantity of
How to express data in a smarter way. wine in mix 1 and mix 2 equal to sum of
Wine : water quantity of water in mix 1 and mix2.
vessel 1 (2 : 3) × 11 × 10 But in the above question it is already given
vessel2 (5 : 6) × 5 × 7 so, we will mix it in the same quantity.
vessel 1 (2 : 3) × 110 = (2 : 3)× 22 = 44 : If we mix 5 litres of mixture1 and 9 litres of
66 mixture2, then the ratio of quantity will be
vessel2 (5 : 6) × 35 = (5 : 6)× 7 = 35 : same.
42 So, if it is 15 litres of mixture2, then
Hence, ratio will be (44+35) : (66+42) = 79 mixture1 = (15×5)/9 = 25/3 litres.
: 108 Example : A mixture contains wine and
Example : A mixture contains wine and water in the ratio 3 : 2 and another contains

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANK
them in the ratio 7 : 3. In what ratio should In this approach, alligation will be applied
the two be mixed to get a resultant mixture only on one object throughout the solution.
with wine and water in the ratio 17 : 8? So, let’s apply it on wine
Solution: Let these are mixed in ratio of in mixture1, % of wine is 60% in solution
1:X , we will not assume a : b because there In mixture2, % of wine is 70% in solution
will be two variables and will make the In final mixture, % of wine is 68%
calculation harder. So, 60--------68-------70
Now, wine : water 60 8 68 2 70, you can see
mixture1 3:2 difference of 68 and 60 is 8 and 70 and 68 is
mixture2 7:3 2.
First we will solve it as done in 8. For calculating the ratio of mixing, answer
So,(3:2)×(10)×1 = (3:2)×2 will be the reciprocal of ratio of these
(7:3)×(5)× X = (7:3)×X differences.
ratio of wine and water in final mixture is ratio in which it is mixed = 2 : 8 = 1 : 4
(3×5+7X):(2×5+3X)
(6+7X) / (4+3X) = 17/8
solving it, X = 4
So, it will me mixed in the ratio of 1:4
Wrong Approach
Some of you will mark answer (1:2), why?
3:2×1=3:2 SOME IMPORTANT RULES

7 : 3 × 2 = 14: 6 1. If a : b = m : n and b : c = q. Then a : c =

m p
So, (3+14): (2+6)= 17 : 8. this will not be 
n q
applicable here because the quantity of
Note : This rule can be extended for any
mixtures 1 & 2 are not equal.
number of ratios.
Example : If a : b = 2, b : c = 4 : 3 and c : d
= 6 : 7, then a : d = ?
(A) 2 : 7 (B) 16 : 35
(C) 12 : 21 (D) None of these
` Sol.
Alligation Approach: we will discuss it in a 2 4 6 16
     a : d = 16 : 35
d 3 3 7 35
detail in the next article.
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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANK
2. If x times of a number is equal to y times 4. If am = x  a x m x y
 :  :
bn y b y n m m
of other number
Example :
Then ratio between two numbers
1 1
Product of two sets of two numbers are in
= : =y:x
x y the ratio of 3 : 5. If the ratio of two numbers
Example : If 5 times a number is equal to 3 one from each set is 2 : 3, find the ratio
times another number. Find ratio between between the two other numbers.
two number. Sol.
(A) 2 : 3 (B) 4 : 5 Required ratio = 3 5
: = 9 : 10
2 3
(C) 3 : 5 (D) 5 : 3
5. What must be added to each of the four
Sol.
numbers a, b, c and d so that the
Ratio between two numbers = 1 1= 3:5
:
5 3 resultant numbers are in proportion?
3. If the sum of two numbers is x and their Sol.
difference is y, ratio of two numbers is (x Let the number to be added is x where
+ y) : (x-y). bc  ad Pr oduct of means-Product of extremes
x 
 a  d   b  c  Sum of extremes - Sum of means
Note: The two numbers are xy and xy
2 2 Example :
respectively. What must be added to each of the numbers
Proof : Let the numbers be a and b. Then a 7, 10, 19 and 25 so that the resultant
+ b = x, and a- b = y numbers are in proportion?
Now, (a+b) + (a-b) = x+y  a = xy and (A) 2 (B) 3
2

xy (C) 4 (D) 5

(a+b) – (a-b) = x – y  b =
2
Sol.
 a:b= xy xy = (x+y) : (x-y)
: Required number
2 2

Example : x= 10  19  7  25 15
 5
 7  25   10  19  3
The ratio of the sum and difference of two
a c
6. If  then
numbers is 5 : 2. What is the ratio of two b d

numbers? (i) b d
 (Invertendo Rule: Obtained by
a c
(A) 7 : 3 (B) 3 : 7
dividing 1 by the given ratios )
(C) 1 : 10 (D) 5 : 2
(ii) a b (Alternendo Rule)

Sol. c d

Ratio of the numbers = 52 =7:3

52

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 STUDY NOTES FOR BANK
(iii) a  b c  d (Rule of Componendo. Example. Two numbers are in the ratio 8 :

b d
11. If we subtract 6 from each number, then
Arrived at by adding 1 to each side)
new ratio becomes 7 : 10. The original
(iv) ab c d ( Rule of Dividendo. Arrived

b d numbers are:
at by subtracting 1 from each side) Sol.
(v) ab c d (Rule of Componendo and On subtracting 6 from both the numbers, the

ab c d
new ratio is decreased by same ratio i.e. 1 in
Dividendo : Arrived at by dividing (iii) by
each case.
(iv)
The original numbers are 8 × 6 and 11 × 6
(vi) a c a  c (Rule of Subtranendo)
 
b d bd i.e. 48 and 66.
a c 8. If two numbers are in the ratio x : y and
(viii)  (Rule of Convertendo)
ab c d
on adding a constant number a to both
7. If two numbers are in the ratio x : y and
the numbers, the new ratio becomes
on adding a constant number 'a' to both
(x+k) : (y+k), Or On subtracting a from
the numbers, the new ratio becomes
both the numbers, the ratio becomes (x-
(x+1) : (y+1), Or on subtracting 'a' from
a
k) : (y-k). then the original number are
both the numbers, the ratio becomes (x-1) k

: (y-1). then the original numbers are ax x and a y respectively.

k
and ay respectively.
Example . The ratio of monthly income of
Example. If two numbers are in the ratio 2 :
A, B is 6 : 5 and their monthly expenditures
3 and the ratio becomes 3 : 4 when 8 is
are in the ratio 4 : 3. If each of them saves
added to both the numbers, then the sum of
Rs. 400 per month, find the sum of their
the two numbers is:
monthly incomes.
(a) 80 (b) 40
(A) Rs. 2300 (B) Rs. 2400
(c) 10 (d) 100
(C) Rs. 2200 (D) Rs. 2500
Sol.
Sol.
On adding 8 to both the numbers, the new
A B
ratio is increased by same ratio i.e. 1 in each
Income6 : 5
case.
Expenditure 4 : 3
The original numbers are 8 × 2 and 8 × 3
Saving 2 : 2
i.e. 16 and 24.
Hence saving of each = 2 ratio = Rs. 400
 1 ratio = Rs. 2200

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9. If two numbers are in the ratio x : y. On Difference in revised old an new ratios
Sum of the revised old ratio
adding a constant number 'a' to the first
Example: 132 litres of a mixture contains
number, the new ratio becomes (x+1) :
milk and water in the ratio 8 : 3. How much
(y), Or on subtracting a from the first
water must be added to the mixture so as to
number, the ratio becomes (9x-1) : (y).
make the ratio of milk and water 2 : 1?
then the original numbers are ax and ay
(A) 11 liters (B) 12 litres
respectively.
(C) 13 litres (D) 15 litres
Example: Ratio of milk and water in a
Sol.
mixture is 4 : 1. If 5 litre of milk is added in
LCM of ratios of milk i.e. LCM of 8 and 2
the mixture, new ratio becomes 5 : 1. The
is 8.
quantity of milk in the mixture originally
We make ratio of milk equal to 8 in the two
was :
ratios.
(A) 10 litres (B) 15 litres
Milk : Water
(C) 20 litres (D) 25 litres
New ratio = 2 : 1 = 8 : 4
Sol.
Old ratio = 8 : 3
On adding 5 litres of milk, its ratio in the
Difference = 0 : 1
mixture is increased by 1.
1
Water to be added =  132 = 12 litres
Original quantity of milk in the mixture was 83

4 × 5 = 20 litres. 11. Two numbers are in the ratio a : b. If k, a

10. If two numbers are in the ratio a : b and constant number is added to both the
on adding k, a constant number to one of numbers, new ratio of the numbers
the numbers, new ratio becomes m : n, becomes m : n.
i.e. both the ratio change instead of one then the original numbers are ax and bx,
ratio only. where x = m  n k
an  bm
1. Multiply the ratio (old, New or both) so
Difference between new ratio × Number added to both numbers
that the old and new ratios become the Difference between cross multiplication of the two ratios

same for the number, to which k is not Note:

added to or subtracted from. Constant number k added to both the
2. Find increase or decrease in the revised an  bm
numbers is k = x
mn
new ratio from revised old ratio.
proof: Let the original numbers are 'ax' and
3. Number added to get the desired change
'bx'. Then ax  k m

in the ratio is: bx  k n

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anx + nk = bmx + mk  (an – bm A's income = 2 × Rs. 800 = Rs. 1600.
( x = (m-n)k B's income = 3 × Rs. 800 = Rs. 2400
 x = m  n k Unsolved Exercise
an  bm
1. In a box there are a total of 420 coins one
Example
rupee, 50 paise and 20 paise and the ratio of
The ratio between two numbers is 5 : 3. If 3
their value is 13:11:7, accordingly what is
is added to both the numbers , the ratio
the total number of 50 paise coins.
becomes 14 : 9. find the smaller number.
2. If the number of workers in a factory is
(A) 15 (B) 18
reduced in a ratio of 15:11 and their wages
(C) 25 (D) 28
are increase in a ratio of 22:25, the total
Sol.
wage of workers will be reduced in what
x = 14  9   3 
53

53
= 5 proportion?
5  9  3  14 45  42 3

Smaller number = 3x = 3 × 5 = 15 3. The income ratio of A and B and the

12. The incomes of two persons are in the income ratio of B and C is 3:2 accordingly,

ratio a : b and their expenditures are in if one third of the income of A is Rs 1000

the ratio m :n. If both save Rs. S, then more than quarter portion of the income of

their incomes are ax and bx, where x = C, then what is the income of B?
S n  m 4. Rs 94. were divided into two parts such that
an  bm
the ratio of 1/5 of first part and 1/8 of
Example. second is 3:4, then find the first part?
The monthly incomes of two persons are in 5. The ratio of first and second number in the
the ratio 2 : 3 and their monthly expenses three numbers is 8:9 and the ratio of the
are in the ratio 5 : 9. If each of the save Rs. second and third number is 3:4. If the
600 per month, then their monthly incomes product of first and third number is 2400,
are: then find the second number?
(A) Rs. 1500; Rs. 2250 6. In 45 liters mixture of milk and water ratio
(B) Rs. 1200; Rs. 1800 of milk and water is 2:1 if certain amounts
(C) Rs. 1600; Rs. 2400 of water is added this ratio becomes 1:2,
(D) Rs. 1400; Rs. 2100 then how much water is added to the
Sol: mixture?
600   9  5 
x = S n  m = = 600  4
= Rs. 800 7. The ratio of land and water on earth is 1:2.
an  bm 29  35 3
In the northern hemisphere, the ratio is 2:3.

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What is the ratio of land and water in 15. The ratio of alcohol and water in a jug is
the southern hemisphere? 3:1,then what part of mixture is taken out
8. A bag contains Rs 55 in the denominations and replaced with water so that ratio of
of Rs 1, 50 paise and 25 paise coins.The alcohol and water may become 1:1?
coins are in the ratio 1:2:3. Find the number 16. A sum of Rs 3115 is divided among A, B
of Rs 50 paise coins and C such that if Rs 25, Rs 28 and Rs 52
9. A is inversely proportional to the cube of B. be diminished from their shares respectively
If A=3 then B=2. If A=8/9, then find the the remainder shall be in the ratio 8:15:20.
value of B Find the share of B.
10. In a pot there is 81 liter pure milk. 1/3 part 17. A dog chases a rabbit. The dog takes 6 leaps
of milk is taken out and replaced with water for every 7 leaps of the rabbit. The 6 leaps
this process is repeated once again then of rabbit is equal to 5 leaps of dog. Ratio of
find the ratio of milk and water in the new their speed is?
mixture. 18. Fares between the two railway stations of
11. Three numbers are in the ratio 1/2: 2/3: 3/4. first and second class are in ratio of 4:1 and
The difference between the greatest and the number of passengers are in ratio of
smallest number is 36. The number are 1:40 If on a particular day total fare of
12. The ratio between the male and female 1100/-Rs. is received, then how much of
existing employees in an organization is fare came from first-class travelers?
7:3. The ratio between the male and female 100 rs
new recruits of 240 is 5:7. What will be the 19. The ratio of the number of students in three
new ratio between male and female classes are 2:3:4 if 12 students are increased
employees after the recruits join the in each class, the ratio becomes 8:11:14,
organization find the total number of students in classes
13. Two numbers are in ratio of 17:45. 1/3 part earlier?
of smaller number is 15 less than 1/5 part of 20. A vessel has two liquids in the ratio of 5:3.
large number. Then find the smaller If 10 liter first liquid is taken out and the
number? second liquid is added in same amount, the
14. Rs 425 is divided among 4 men, 5 women ratio becomes 3:5, then find the total
and 6 boys such that the share of a man, a amount of liquid that can be stored in
woman, and a boy may be in the ratio of vessel.
9:8:4. What is the share of a woman

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