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    Case Study 5 - Scour Repairs

    Uploaded by

    NOEL RODRIGUEZ
    The document discusses various methods for repairing bridge foundations damaged by scour, including installing stone riprap, cable-tied concrete blocks, cofferdams, dikes, underwater excavation and concrete repairs, underwater crack repairs, underwater foundation grout injections, micropiles, and sheet piles with concrete walls and slabs. A case study describes stabilizing bridge pier foundations that had been significantly undermined by survey.

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    Case Study 5 - Scour Repairs

    Uploaded by

    NOEL RODRIGUEZ
    180 views21 pages
    The document discusses various methods for repairing bridge foundations damaged by scour, including installing stone riprap, cable-tied concrete blocks, cofferdams, dikes, underwater excavation and concrete repairs, underwater crack repairs, underwater foundation grout injections, micropiles, and sheet piles with concrete walls and slabs. A case study describes stabilizing bridge pier foundations that had been significantly undermined by survey.

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    The document discusses various methods for repairing bridge foundations damaged by scour, including installing stone riprap, cable-tied concrete blocks, cofferdams, dikes, underwater excavation and concrete repairs, underwater crack repairs, underwater foundation grout injections, micropiles, and sheet piles with concrete walls and slabs. A case study describes stabilizing bridge pier foundations that had been significantly undermined by survey.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    180 views21 pages

    Case Study 5 - Scour Repairs

    Uploaded by

    NOEL RODRIGUEZ
    The document discusses various methods for repairing bridge foundations damaged by scour, including installing stone riprap, cable-tied concrete blocks, cofferdams, dikes, underwater excavation and concrete repairs, underwater crack repairs, underwater foundation grout injections, micropiles, and sheet piles with concrete walls and slabs. A case study describes stabilizing bridge pier foundations that had been significantly undermined by survey.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 21
    At a glance
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    The passage discusses different types of scour that can affect bridges, methods to detect scour, and techniques to protect bridges from scour damage.

    The three main types of scour discussed are general scour, contraction scour, and local scour.

    Some methods discussed to detect scour are scanning sonar, diver inspection, and ground penetrating radar (GPR). Load testing can also help monitor bridge foundation conditions.

    CASE STUDY 5

    SCOUR DAMAGE REPAIRS

    1
    GENRAL, LOCAL & CONTRACTION
    SCOUR

    ➢ General Scour: scour without the existence of the bridge.


    ➢ Contraction Scour: scour that occurs because the flow is constricted by
    the bridge and its approaches.
    ➢ Local Scour: scour caused by the flow field formed at a bridge pier or
    abutment.
    2
    ABUTMENT SCOUR

    Various failure models of abutment scour.


    3
    SCOUR DETECTIONS

    Diver Inspection
    Scanning Sonar

    Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) may also be used to detect


    scour holes (not working for water with suspended sediment.

    4
    SCOUR INSPECTION AND MONITORING

     Bridges should have underwater inspections every 5 years.


     For large bridges, load testing can be performed to monitor
    the bridge foundation conditions. A reduction of structure
    natural frequency may indicate the reduction of support
    stiffness, which may be an indication of foundation scour
    damage.
    Span Mode 1 Mode 1
    before after
    (Hz) (Hz)
    1 4.7 4.7
    2 4.5 4.4
    3 4.7 4.4
    4 4.7 4.7
    5 4.9 4.7
    In this case, Span 2, Span 3 and Span 5 had significant reduction of
    vibration frequencies, so Pier foundation 2 and end abutment foundation
    were inspected in details, and scour damages were discovered. 5
    BRIDGE SCOUR PROTECTIONS

    Guildebanks to protect abutments


    Hardpoints to maintain approach channel
    alignment

    6
    BRIDGE SCOUR PROTECTIONS

    Spur dikes to narrow widened approach


    channel to maintain alignment

    Barbs to stop lateral migration of channel

    7
    Stone Rip Rap Protection

    Bridge abutments and piers may be protected with stone rip raps.
    8
    Cable-tied Concrete Blocks

    Cable-tied concrete blocks may also be used for bank protections.

    9
    COFFERDAMS

    Cofferdams create a dry work condition, and are typically used for major
    (large and/or deep) substructure repair projects.

    10
    DIKES

    Dikes are inexpensive ways to create a dry work condition for shallow
    water projects. Sandbags, plastic sheets with compact lays can be used.

    11
    Wet Excavation

    Underwater excavation is possible for some shallow water foundation


    repair projects (such as preparation for fixing scour holes). Environmental
    protection procedures should be followed.

    12
    Underwater Concrete Repairs

    Concrete may be repaired without


    dewatering.

    13
    Underwater Cracking Repairs

    Like in dry condition, cracks are


    sealed first, and epoxy is then
    injected through injection ports.

    14
    Underwater Foundation Scour Repair

    Grout is injected from one PVC pile until solid grout is coming out from the
    adjacent pipe, then move to the next pipe and continue the process.

    15
    Micropiles

    Micropiles may be used to convert spread footings into deep foundations.

    16
    MacArthur Road over
    the Arkansas River (Kansas)

    Foundation design vs scour analysis results (ultimate scour is 19 ft below


    the bottom of footing)– Foundation scour protection is required.
    17
    Pier Foundation Conditions

    Survey showed that pier foundations have already


    been significantly undermined.
    18
    Foundations are Stabilized First

    Bridge is closes to public, and the footing was


    stabilized 1/3 at a time.
    19
    Sheet Pipes with Concrete Wall and Slab

    Scour repair concrete encasement plan and section.

    20
    Alternative Options Considered

    Micropiles with concrete encasement was considered, but was not used
    because the shale is too stiff under the footings. 21

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