CHE CHM Questions
CHE CHM Questions
CHE CHM Questions
3 The equation that relates friction factor and Reynold's No., laminar and
smooth pipes
f=64/Reynold's No. holds for turbulent flow
4 Oil flows under laminar conditions inside a steam heated copper
pipe. The overall heat transfer coefficient is approximately the average
equal to the between the
heat transfer heat transfer
coefficient of coefficient of the
the oil steam and that
of oil
21 Heat transfer in turbulent flow may be described through an Nusselt, Nusselt, Prandtl
empirical equation correlating Stanton and and Reynold's
Reynold's Nos Nos
22 Which of the following fittings exhibits the highest pressure drop 90-degree long 90-degree
for the same flow conditions? radius elbow standard elbow
23 A chamber into which steam from a high pressure line can be
bled during periods of low steam demand from the power plant is switching bank vent
called
24 Which one of the following pipes has the highest relative 2" diameter
roughness? 4" dia Wrought
Wrought iron
iron pipe
pipe
25 In steady-state heat transfer through a series of materials with
varying resistances, the heat transfer rate decreases varies with the
towards the thermal
direction of conductivity of
heat transfer each material
26 Reactions whereby reactants proceed along several paths and polymeric reversible
give different products are reactions reactions
27 Which one among the following materials has the best insulating
window glass wood
property?
28 An operation where warm vapor mixture is cooled such as by
contact with a liquid resulting in condensation and decreased evaporation dehumidification
humidity is
29 The pressure exerted on a plane parallel to the direction of flow
gauge pressure velocity pressure
of a moving fluid is called
30 For mass transfer to take place, there must be a reaction
phase change
component
31 Water vapor condenses at 1 atm on a tube whose surface
tmeperature is at 80 deg F. in analyzing the heat transfer through
the condensate film, it is best to evaluate the liquid properties at 212 deg F 80 deg F
46 This type of drier is used for drying pasty materials such as wet
rotary drier flash drier
filter cakes and lumpy solids
47 In the constant-rate period, the rate of drying is established by
a balance of
the heat the internal
requirements movement of
for evaporation moisture
and the rate at beneath the
which heat surface of the
reaches the solid
surface
48 Unbound moisture in granular and porous solid moves through
desorption surface tension
the intertices of the solid by a mechanism involving
49 Wet solid is to be dried from 40% to 10% in 5 hours under
constant drying conditions. The critical moisture content is 20%
and the equilibrium moisture content is 7%. All moisture contents
are on dry basis. The time needed to dry from 15% to 5% free 0.542 hrs 1.846 hrs
moisture under the same drying conditions is
76 What is the settling time [sec] for galena particles to settle under
free settling conditions through 5 ft of water at 50 deg F. Galena
is spherical in shape, with specific gravity and 0.01 inch in 38.1 18.3
diameter.
77 A 10-ft diameter tank with a quick-opening value to a sump has a
10-ft depth of liquid. How long [t in sec] does it take to drain the
tank if the valve is assumed to be equivalent to a 4-in diameter 2951 1644
orifice? The liquid density is 60 lb/cu.ft.
78 What size sharp-edged orifice [inches] was in use if a flow of 120
gpm produced a 4-in Hg differential in a 4-in Schedule 40 pipe.
The fluid, measured at 60 degF, had a viscosity of 1 cSt and a 2.21 1.35
specific gravity of 1.
79 Seven hundred gallons per minute of water are being discharged
by a centrifugal pump 5 ft above the pump inlet. The inlet
pressure is 4-in Hg above atmospheric and the discharge
pressure is 29 psia. If the pump has an 8-inch diameter inlet and 63 84
a 4-inch diameter discharge, calculate the pump efficiency.
101 The heating value measured when water formed from Gross Calorific Heat of
combustion is in the liquid state. Value combustion
102 In the combustion of solid fuels, the tie element between the
feed and the refuse is the cooked coal ash
103 The coal analysis which is based upon the volatilization Proximate Modified
characteristics of the fuel is analysis analysis
104 An Orsat analysis of the flue gas when pyrite is roasted is on a
SO2-free basis SO3-free basis
105 The empirical relation which allows one to compute for the net Theoretical
hydrogen in a given solid fuel is the Calderwood
Oxygen
equation
Equation
106 The equivalent of 45degTw in the Baume scale is 26.63 28.32
107 A furnace completely burns coal containing 70%C. Analysis of
the flue gas shows 15% CO2, 4% O2, 81% N2, and no CO. 1.2 1.53
What is the % of the net hydrogen in the coal?
108 Which has the lowest water content?
dew point at
70% RH
20degC
109 A contract was made between a buyer and a paper
manufacturer for paper containing 5% moisture at PhP450/tonne
FOB on specifications that price adjustment will be made if the
quality is different. How much should the buyer pay for 1 tonne PhP 405 PhP 424.26
of paper with 8% moisture content? Freiht cost is PhP45/tonne.
110 One drier will dry a material from 45% moisture (wb) to 20%
moisture (db). From here the material enters another drier where
the water content is further reduced to give a final product 0.01 0.02
weighing 1000 kg. If the total evporation from both driers is 800
kg, the moisture of the final product is
111 An experimental oil is used to distill 6000 kg.hr of Athabasta tar
sand which analyzes 30% 'heavy oil', 'light oil', and non-volatile
matter. If the distillate contains 12 % heavy oil and this 2250 3750
constitutes 25% recovery of the component, the weight in kg of
the distillate obtained is
112 Coal fired in a furnace has a heating value of 13800 Btu/lb and
contains 78.05%C and 1.2%S. The proximate analysis shows
4%M, 24%FC, 8%A and the analysis of the refuse shows 4.22 8
8%VCM, 25%FC and 32% ash. Calculate the % of C lost in the
refuse.
113 Ninety grams of ethane and 384 grams of oxygen are fed
continuously to a laboratory furnace. The total combustion
products collected was 16.2 gmole with no carbon dioxide.
However, not all of the ethane was burned due to faulty 0.8 0.85
combustion. The fraction of ethane that was burned is equal to
114 The furnace at the Bataan refinery is using a fuel gas which
contains methane, ethane and 20% nitrogen. The orsat analysis
of the combustion products showed 7.8% CO2, 7.4% O2, and 63.25 57.24
84.8% N2. The gas is burned with excess air. The % methane in
the fuel gas is
115 Pyrite containing 78% FeS2 and 22% gangue is burned with
excess air to produce a stack gas with the following analysis:
7.29% SO2, 8.92%O2, 82.44%N2 and 1.35%SO3. If the cinder 3.52 6.53
was found to have a partial analysis of 62.10% Fe2O3, the % of
FeS2 lost in the pyrite is
116 The unit of k for a 1st order elementary reaction is 1/time conc/time
117 If the temperature of a chemical reaction is raised by 10 degC,
4 3
the rate of reaction is increased by a factor of
118 The E of a reaction may be lowered by
increasing decreasing
temperature temperature
119 The mechanism of a reaction can sometimes be deduced from the temperature
the activation
dependency of
energy
the rate
120 The equilibrium constant in a reversible chemical reaction at a depends on the
given temperature depends on the
conc of one of
initial conc of
the products at
the reactants
equilibrium
121 If the volume of a reaction vessel is suddenly reduced to one
2 4
half its original volume the rate will increase by a factor of
122 The rate of reaction is not influenced by conc of the molecularity of
reactants the reaction
123 The net rate of reaction of an intermediate is 0 2
124 A reaction is known to be first order in A. A straight line will be
log Ca vs time Ca vs time
obtained by plotting
125 If the reaction 2A ---> B+C is second order, which of the following
Ca^2 vs time 1/Ca vs time
plots will give a straight line?
126 For the reaction A+B ---> 2C, when Ca is doubled the rate
doubles, when Cb is doubled the rate increases fourfold. The -ra = k Ca^2
-ra = k Ca Cb^2
rate law is Cb^4
127 It states that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the Le Chatelier's
Hess' Law
activity of the reactants. principle
128 The half life of a material undergoing second order decay is proportional to
independent of
the square of
initial conc
the initial conc
129 A fluid flows through 2 CSTR in series. Each reactor has a
capacity of 400,000 L and the fluid enters at 100 L per hr. The
fluid undergoes a first order decay with a half life of 24 hours. 66.8 74.7
Find the conversion of the fluid.
130 A first order reaction has a specific rate constant of 3e-3 per sec.
0.0021 s 100 s
The half life is
131 A certain reaction is 1st order in A. In 30 min, the concentration
of A decreases from 0.55 to 0.15 mol/L. The time it will take for A 45.1 min 19.6 min
to decrease from 0.35 to 0.15 mol/L is
132 A gas decomposes at 900 degC according to 2A--->2R+S with a
rate constant of 1000 cc/gmol-s using pure A. The time it will
take to react 80% of A in a batch reactor at 900 degC and 1 atm 3.83 7.43
in min is
133 Calculate the length of a chlorinating pipe line with diameter of
0.6 m required to kill 95% of the bacteria in waste water flowing
at 0.05 cu.m/s. Test shows that 95.33% kill is obtained in 5
minutes when treated with 5 mg/L of chlorine. Chlorine
disinfection kinetics is given by the equation: dC/dt = k Ct^1.5 25.36 m 32.5 m
where C = number of bacteria. Assume that the same
concentration of chlorine is used in actual treatment operation.
134 The set of data given below is for the parallel reaction: a---k1--
>2R, a---k2-->S. At t=0, Ca=15 moles/cuft, Cr = 1 mole/cuft,
Cs=1 mole/cuft; At t=1 hr, Cro = 9 moles/cuft, Cs = 3 moles/cuft. 0.1697 0.183
The value of K2 per hour is
135 A batch reaction 2D+E----->F has a conversion factor expressed
by the equation r =0.24 t^0.5 where r = conversion factor based
on the reactant E; t = time in hours which ranges from 0.5 to 16
hours per batch depending upon the process variables. The
average molecular weight of the feed is 60 and a density of 1.4
g/cc. The feed consists of 2 kgmole of D and 1 kgmole of E. The
charging, cleaning and discharging time per batch is 2.5 hrs and 257 275
the volume of the reactor is twice the volume of the feed.
Assume 300 days per year and 12 hours operation/day. The
volume of the reactor in liters is
141 When the ID of the pipe through which a fluid flows is doubled,
the pressure loss due to friction per unit length of pipe and for
the same volumetric flow rate is changed by approximately a 1/8 1/16
factor of
142 When two centrifugal pumps are connected in series, the
1/2 1
discharge changes by a factor of
143 When two reciprocating pumps are connected in parallel, the
1/2 1
volumetric capacity of the system changes by a factor of
144 The pressure drop in a pipeline changes by a factor of _____
1/2 1
when the velocity of the flowing fluid is doubled.
145 Cavitation occurs in a centrifugal pump when the discharge
pressure the discharge
becomes too valve is closed
high
146 Oil with a viscosity of 30 cP and a density of 60 lb/cu.ft. flows
through a 1/2-inch inside diameter pipe. Determine the velocity 0.63 13.1
in fps below which flow will be laminar.
147 Water at 60 deg F flows through a 3-inch inside diameter smooth
horizontal pipe. If the Reynold's number is 353000, calculate the 1.05 1.22
ratio of maximum velocity to average velocity.
148 The pressure after the pump in a 6-inch inside diameter smooth
pipe conducting water is 20 psia. The water is discharged at an
open tank 100 ft from the pump. Calculate the rate of discharge 0.6 3.58
of water in cu.ft/s.
149 A water storage tank assumes the supply of water into a factory.
Water is supplied to the tank through a booster pump installed in
the water line. The theoretical pump horsepower required is 3.25
hp. What is the monthly operating cost of the pump if electric PhP 3300 PhP 5000
power cost on the average is PhP 3.73/kWh. The pump is 65%
efficient and operates for 12 hr a day.
163 A cross flow heat exchanger uses mixed air at 4 kg/s that enters
at 15oC and leaves at 45oC. The air cools unmixed water, which
enters at 95oC and 0.70 kg/s. The OHTC equals 150 W/m2-oC.
After several months of operation, a scale resistance of 0.002 22.2 m2 25 m2
m2-oC/W developed. 16. The heat transfer area required to
accomplish the change is
172 If the total percentage of particles larger than the screen opening
in the feed, oversize, undersize are 36%, 89% and 3%,
respectively, the effectiveness of the screen if the undersize is 0.98 0.89
the product is
173 The estimated width of an apron conveyor having a capacity of
305 mm 610 mm
75 tons/hr at a speed of 50 ft/min is
174 It is defined as the ratio of the average diameter of the feed to
the average diameter of the product. settling ratio screen-mesh no
194 100 m3/hr of air at 60°C and 20% RH is needed for a chemical
reactor. This will be obtained from process air at 60°C and 10%
RH by humidifying adiabatically the process air followed by 5280 8490
heating to its original temperature. The wattage of the heater at
80% efficiency is
195 Wet solid is to be dried from 36% to 8% moisture in 5 hr under
constant drying condition. Critical and equilibrium moisture
contents are 14 and 4% respectively. Calculate how much longer
will it take to dry the same material from 8% to 5.5% moisture 1 hr 1.6 hr
under constant drying condition. All moisture contents are on a
dry basis.
211 An imaginary line within a fluid flow such that a tangent at any
stream tube velocity profile
point indicates the direction of flow at that point.
212 Air at 250C [viscosity=0.018 cP] enters a section of 2-in schedule
40 commercial steel pipe at a gauge pressure of 310 kPa and a
flow rate of 1200 kg/h. Assuming isothermal flow, what is the 350 155
pressure drop [kPa] in 60 m of pipe?
213 A simple pitot tube measures acoustical superficial
velocity velocity
214 Which of the following meters will have the highest permanent
pitot tube orifice
pressure loss?
215 In the flow meter equation, Y, indicates the compressibility
mass flow rate
factor
216 The loss due to sudden contraction is proportional to velocity turbulence
217 Stoke’s law is valid when the particle Reynolds number is <1 >1
218 Priming needed in a Reciprocating
Gear pump
pump
219 Maximum theoretical suction lift for water at 60˚F by a centrifugal
40 ft 37 ft
pump is 34 ft. The same for water at 200˚F will be
220 The most economical valve for use with large diameter pipes. butterfly globe
221 Multistage compressors are used in industry because, they
reduce the cost reduce the size
of compressor requirement
234 Professional Regulations Commission was created under P.D. No. 223 P.D. No. 233
235 A chemical engineer who designed and built a new type pf
reactor and for three years, sold many units to the public can still 1 0
patent his reactor.
236 A person who has passed the Chemical Licensure Examination
can take his/her oath as a chemical engineer if his/her age is not 18 19
less than _______ years.
237 Which of the following is not a requirement for utility model
registration? inventive step novelty
238 A section of the patent application containing detailed
descriptions of the benefits obtained from using the invention is disclosure abstract
called the
239 A document issued by the DENR secretary indicating that the Environmental Environmental
proposed project will cause significant negative environmental Impact Compliance
impact. Statement Certificate
240 In the Philippines, sulfur for sulfuric acid manufacturing is
paper cement
sourced from _______ industry.
241 Sulfur is undesirable in petroleum because
it causes
it increases the
engine
boiling pt of fuel
knocking
255 Silicone is
thermoplastic a monomer
256 The process involved in converting rubber into a thin sheet or
extrusion mastication
coating it on fabric is called
257 Alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) is a detergent rubber
258 Neoprene is a
monomer synthetic rubber
259 Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 10 MPa and 500 degC at a
rate of 3 kg/s and leaves at 0.1 MPa. If the power output of the 0.2348 0.3216
turbine is 2 MW, determine the turbine efficiency.
260 Work is a
property of the
path function
system
261 Throttling process is
a reversible and an irreversible
isothermal and constant
process entropy
Energy is
neither lost nor Perpetual
gained in any motion is
energy possible.
transformation.
267 In choosing the refrigerant, the fluid must have the following
characteristics, except has a vapor
environmentally pressure less
benign than
atmospheric
271 This is also known as the volume fraction of the voids in packed
sphericity porosity
beds.
272 A measure of the ratio of the drag force acting on a unit area of Reynold’s
Froude number
the impeller & the inertial stress. number
273 Sulfuric acid is pumped at 3 kg/s through a 60-m length of
smooth 25 mm pipe. If the pressure drop falls by one-half, what
will be the new flow rate [kg/s]? Assume the following properties 3 2
of sulfuric acid: SG = 1.84, viscosity = 25 cP.
274 The equation del(P) = -(rho)(g) del(z) is known as the hydrostatic
vertical law for which all the following assumptions are applied,
except shear forces fluid is
are not involved incompressible
281 An oil well is 1200 ft below ground level. Oil at 500 psig at the
bottom flows to ground level through a 12-inch schedule 80
commercial steel pipe. The oil has a SG of 0.86 and viscosity of 9365 9461
8 cP. The vol flow rate of oil in barrels per hour is
282 The equivalent diameter of a concentric annular space where 1-
pi/4 inch 1 inch
inch OD pipe is located inside a 2-inch ID pipe is
283 Based on Bond's crushing law, the power required to crush a
certain material will change by _____% if the diameter of the 20.2 41.4
product is made smaller by 50%.
284 The BPR of a 50% NaOH solution at an evaporator pressure of
4.7 psia is 73 degF 173 degF
C D ANSWER
0.03 0.038 C
the minimum
number of the amount of
stages occur solvent used
when the tie must be B
line coincides enough to form
with an 2 phases.
operating line.
rectification fractionation C
mol/liter/min liter/mol/min C
significant
no effect D
effect
the
the heat temperature is
transfer is uniform C
constant throughout the
cylinder
supersaturated saturated C
Sherwood, Prandtl,
Reynold's and Schimdt and C
Schimdt No Reynold's No
classification
reduction ratio C
ratio
the value of k is
independent of
the reaction
the initial C
cannot proceed
concentrations
of A and B
orifice venturi A
not uniform
throughout the
a function of
reactor and B
time
varies from
time to time
increases the
increases the
amount of D
condenser duty
distillate
compressor accumulator B
through each
material is is constant
inversely throughout the
D
proportional to series of
the thickness of materials
the material
parallel consecutive
C
reactions reactions
air concret B
humidification extraction B
tangential
static pressure B
pressure
concentration momentum
C
gradient gradient
1.484 0.581 B
1.5 0.6 B
33.4 54.4 A
128 kg 32 kg C
26.4 57.8 B
1.5 2.75 B
0.0454 0.0252 B
6930000 2040000 A
saturation dry-bulb
A
temperature temperature
75.26 78.5 A
the temperature
increase in the
of the air can
humidity of the
also be B
air is
maintained
insignificant
constant
0.02 0.01 B
equilibrium
critical moisture
moisture C
content
content
air flow
air flow parallel
perpendicular to
to the solid A
the surface of
surface
the solid
moisture
surface renewal D
diffusivity
0.01155 0.00116 C
to use cross
to use spray
flow A
percolators
evaporation
1.5 2.3 B
5 6 B
all of A, B and
radiation A
C
all of A, B and
radiation C
C
sum of the
inverse of the
individual C
total resistance
resistances
all of A, B and
evaporation B
C
451.7 475.1 C
5800 139200 D
5.51 m 4.14 m C
966 kg 534 kg D
85.8 sq.m. 88.5 sq.m. B
4.72 3.03 A
39 40 C
8 7 A
27.8 22.7 C
0.294 0.249 D
577 241 A
13.76 16.28 B
46.5 45.6 A
227.2 300 B
11994 20451 D
40130 45500 C
13.8 5 B
1163 19.4 C
4.67 2 A
95 100 B
7 0.52 A
31.7 37.1 D
851 900 C
0.75 1 C
[B]=0.4(1-0.5x)/
[B]=0.2 D
(1-x)
25.2 20 A
3478 3750 D
0.714 6.01 B
100 25 A
13943 W 19343 W C
23 33 B
38 0.038 D
3 e7 5.2 e8 B
fresh-feed
reactant ratio B
conversion
Oxygen
Dulong's
unaccounted C
formula
for equation
32.48 42.56 C
2.38 6.13 C
absolute
60% saturation A
humidity of 0.05
PhP 434.16 PhP 450 C
0.03 0.05 A
4350 6000 B
9.5 17 C
0.9 0.92 A
51.2 22.76 B
7.86 23.1 B
1/conc 1/conc-time A
2 1.5 C
removing the
adding a
products of the C
catalyst
reaction
does not
is not a
depend on the
characteristic C
initial
of the reaction
concentrations
8 16 D
nature of
temperature C
reactants
>0 <0 A
log Ca vs
1/Ca vs time A
reciprocal time
lof Ca vs time Ca vs time B
85.3 99.1 D
231 s 768 s C
8.33 9.33 C
52.63 m 56.23 m C
0.3394 0.6197 A
300 527 A
0.327 0.237 C
12.7 20.7 A
9550 10150 B
Cao/(1-2m) Cao/2 B
37.1 31.8 D
1/32 1/64 C
2 4 C
2 4 B
2 4 D
the suction
pressure is too suction is lost C
high
16.9 87.2 C
1.72 1.89 B
21 58.3 B
2 2exp2 C
63 85 B
4x3x6 3x2x13 A
248 320 C
8 10 C
77 94 C
25 30 B
there is a when the liquid
B
vacuum level is high
none of the
efficiency B
given choices
extended
shell and tube C
surfaces
0.89 0.92 B
17 m2 20 m2 D
255.65 214.65 B
accounts for
additional
none of these C
resistance to
heat flow
contaminated
polished
cooling C
surfaces
surfaces
when
for fluids in Grashhoff
C
turbulent flow number is very
important
pressure-
vacuum D
vacuum
0.76 0.65 B
1220 mm 2400 mm C
average
reduction ratio particle C
diameter
0.7 0.6 A
sorting centrifugation A
viscous sub-
buffer region D
layer
Bi Pe A
either of the
the interface B
bulk phases
in the liquid
in either film A
phase
water-cooling in
heating of air D
a cooling tower
dehumidificatio
dehumidificatio n by
n and removal condensing C
of sensible heat water vapor in
a refrigerator
adiabatic
dew point
saturation B
temperature
temperature
2 50 B
unbound
free moisture C
moisture
critical free equilibrium
moisture moisture D
content content
the solute the solute
concentration of concentration
the liquid and of the gas is A
gas phase are greater than
equal the liquid
10050 11570 D
2.3 hr 2.9 hr B
cm^3/sec cm^2/sec^2 C
50 150 B
sieve-plate wetted wall
A
column column
remains
A
unchanged
vacuum falling film
A
evaporator evaporator
convective
all of these C
mass transfer
0.71 0.65 C
20.9 22.4 B
a linear
equal to shear
function of the
rate of D
shear rate of
deformation.
deformation.
incompressible
incompressible D
& inviscid
1.84 0.25 C
101.3 61 D
mean linear
local velocity D
velocity
venturi rotameter B
coefficient of cross-sectional
B
discharge area
velocity head static head C
<5 0 A
Centrifugal Diaphragm
C
pump pump
34 ft 8 ft B
needle gate A
resemble
closely to are easy to
C
isothermal control
compression
1.5 5 B
fans compressors D
0.189 kg 0.198 kg B
continuous distillation
distillation operating at A
without reflux total reflux
less number of
high reflux ratio D
trays
an irreversible always in
C
phenomenon equilibrium
either A or B
because these
both A and B C
two mean the
same thing
Absorption Stripping D
3-heptanol toluene C
21 23 C
a technical
industrial
solution to A
applicability
problem
request claims D
Environmental
Environmental
Impact B
Critical Project
Assessment
petroleum detergents A
it poisons the
all that are
catalyst in the A
mentioned
refining process
builders perfume C
copolymerizatio
natural B
n
polymerization alkylation D
retarders fillers A
opacifier filler A
cellulose waste C
evaporation crystallization C
bleaching calendering B
xylem lignin D
diphenyldichlor
Dichlorodipheny
otriphenylbutan C
ldichlorobutane
e
oxidation purification B
anti-skinning
thinner A
agent
give elasticity
increase
and prevent
atmospheric D
cracking of the
oxidation
film
an inorganic thermosetting
C
polymer plastic
vulcanization calendering D
pesticide polyester A
polyester pigment B
0.6784 0.7652 C
state
state function description of a B
system
a reversible and constant
constant enthalpy D
entropy process process
+1.57 kJ +2.27 kJ C
reversible irreversible C
carnot Helmholtz free
C
efficiency energy
Energy is being
created as time
Energy is passes. We
conserved in have more
A
quality but not energy in the
in quantity. universe now
than when time
began.
in between
less than 0.75 B
0.84 and 0.90
exist at a high
must be
pressure at the
economically D
condensation
viable
temperature
isothermal isentropic A
start of the
equilibrium C
process
superficial
specific volume B
velocity
Mach number Power number D
0.2 0.124 B
z axis is defined normal surface
vertical & forces & gravity
C
downward in are the only
direction forces involved
process
load variable A
variable
emf resistance C
time velocity D
17kPa/K 0.06kPa/K C
52581 393308 A
50.5 58.6 B
6 The enrichment of the vapor steam as it passes through the column evaporation
in contact with the reflux during distillation is called
7 The maximum number of plates for a given distillation system is variable reflux
obtained at
8 The correct unit for the specific rate constant for the reaction A--->B square
determined to be first order is liter/square
mol/min
9 On one side of a heat exchanger where either a condensing vapor large effect
or a boiling liquid is present, the temperature may be assumed to be
constant. In determining the logarithmic mean temperature
difference the direction of flow will have
10 For a cylinder where steady-state radial heat transfer takes place the heat flux is
constant
11 A plate holding a pool of liquid from which rises a vapor whose separation plate
average composition is in equilibrium with a liquid whose
composition is the average of that of the liquid leaving the plate is
called
12 Crystallization occurs in a solution that is concentrated
13 Mass transfer in a flowing fluid may be correlated by Sherwood,
Nusselt and
Reynold's No
14 The ratio of the average diameter of the feed to the average settling ratio
diameter of the product is the
15 The rate of formation of C for the reaction 2A + B ---> C is found to the rate of
be rate=k(A)(B) formation of C is
equal to the rate
of disappearance
of B
16 A device for increasing the velocity of a fluid in steady flow is a nozzle
17 In steady-state backmix flow reactor, composition is not constant
throughout the
reactor
18 The amount of money obtainable from the sale of used property net value
over and above any changers involved in removal and sale is called
24 Which one of the following pipes has the highest relative 2" diameter
roughness? Wrought iron pipe
26 Reactions whereby reactants proceed along several paths and give polymeric
different products are reactions
27 Which one among the following materials has the best insulating window glass
property?
28 An operation where warm vapor mixture is cooled such as by evaporation
contact with a liquid resulting in condensation and decreased
humidity is
29 The pressure exerted on a plane parallel to the direction of flow of a gauge pressure
moving fluid is called
30 For mass transfer to take place, there must be a phase change
31 Water vapor condenses at 1 atm on a tube whose surface 212 deg F
tmeperature is at 80 deg F. in analyzing the heat transfer through
the condensate film, it is best to evaluate the liquid properties at
38 A gas decomposition reaction has an activation energy of 245 over 100,000 but
kJ/mol. The rate of reaction can be accelerated by using a platinum less than a million
catalyst where the activation energy for the resulting catalyzed
reactions is lower at 136 kJ/mol. Using Arrhenius' law and assuming
the frequency factor remains the same the catalyzed reaction is
faster than the original reaction by a factor of
39 Water at 100 deg F is flowing through a straight 4-in Sch 40 pipe at 0.0378
a rate of 1.0 gal/min. The length of the pipe is 10 ft. The velocity at
the center of the pipe in ft per sec is
40 A metallic rod 2 cm in diameter is used as a heating element. The 4440000
thermal conductivity is 370 J/sec.sq.m.degC. The surface
temperature is maintained at 200 deg C. For the center of the rod
not to exceed 500 deg C, the maximum volumetric heat generation
rate within the metallic rod in J/sec cu.m. must be
41 This is a steady state temperature reached by a small amount of wet-bulb
liquid evaporating into a large amount of unsaturated vapor-gas temperature
mixture.
42 Air, supplied at the rate of 1200 cfm to a refrigerated coil, has a 74.3
relative humidity of 20% and dry bulb temperature of 150 deg F. The
mass flow of dry air entering per minute is
43 In adiabatic humidification, it is possible to maintain the temperature according to the
of water constant since phase rule, the
degrees of
freedom is 3
44 An air-carbon tetrachloride vapor mixture at 100 deg F dry bulb and 0.1
60 deg F wet bulb is heated until the temperature reaches 180 deg
F. the final percent relative humidity is about
45 The portion of water in the wet solid that cannot be removed by the free moisture
air in its contact is called
46 This type of drier is used for drying pasty materials such as wet filter rotary drier
cakes and lumpy solids
47 In the constant-rate period, the rate of drying is established by a balance of the
heat requirements
for evaporation
and the rate at
which heat
reaches the
surface
48 Unbound moisture in granular and porous solid moves through the desorption
intertices of the solid by a mechanism involving
49 Wet solid is to be dried from 40% to 10% in 5 hours under constant 0.542 hrs
drying conditions. The critical moisture content is 20% and the
equilibrium moisture content is 7%. All moisture contents are on dry
basis. The time needed to dry from 15% to 5% free moisture under
the same drying conditions is
50 If the rate of drying under constant drying conditions with air at 140 0.12
deg F and absolute humidity of 0.03 lb water per lb dry air of
unknown mass of solid is given by R=0.5-exp(-60X) [in lb water/hr-
sqft], then the equilibrium moisture content (db) of the material is
51 In drying at the falling rate period, the rate at which moisture is remains constant
removed from the solid material
52 The major problem in diffusion is to promote diffusion of the solute to reduce the
out of the solid and into the liquid. The most effective way of doing solid to the
this is smallest size
feasible
53 A slurry flaked soybeans weighing 100 kg contains 75 kg inert solids 0.3
and 25 kg of solution 10 weight % oil and 90% wt solvent hexane.
This slurry is contacted with 100 kg pure hexane in a single stage so
that the value of retention for the outlet underflow is 1.5 kg of
insoluble solid per kg solvent in the adhering solution. The
composition of underflow leaving the extraction stage in %wt oil is
64 2.5 kg/s of a solution at 288K containing 10% dissolved solids is fed 115 kPa
to a forward-feed double effect evaporator operating at a pressure
of 14 kPa in the last effect. If the product is to consist of a liquid
containing 50% by weight of dissolved solids and dry saturated
steam is fed to the steam coils, what should be the pressure of the
steam? The surface in each effect is 50 sq.m. and the coefficients
for heat transfer in the first and second effects are 2.8 and 1.7
kW/sq.m.-K respectively. Assume that the concentrated solution
exhibits a boiling point rise of 5 degK, that the latent heat has a
constant value of 2260 kJ/kg and that the specific heat of the liquid
stream is constant at 3.75 kJ/kgK.
65 An acetone-air mixture containing 0.015 mol fraction of acetone has 10.92
the mol fraction reduced to 1% of this value by countercurrent
absorption with water in a packed tower. The gas flow-rate G is 1
kg/sq.m-s of air and the water entering is 1.6 kg/sq.m-s. For this
system, Henry's law holds and Ye=1.75x, where Ye is the mol
fraction of acetone in the vapour in equilibrium with a mol fraction x
in the liquid. How many overall transfer units are required?
70 Forty-five pounds per minute of water is heated from 60 to 180 deg 2173
F in a 5/8 in., 16 BWG heat exchanger tube. If the steam
condensing at 260 deg F, on the outside of the tube gives an hо of
1000 Btu/hr-sq.ft.-degF, calculate the inside heat transfer coefficient
[Btu/hr-cu.ft-degF].
71 How many cu.ft. per minute of entering air is needed to evaporate 12.54
10 lb of water per hour from a rayon, if the air enters at 80 deg F
and 25% humidity and leaves at 170 deg F and 55% relative
humidity. The operating pressure is 14.3 psia.
72 Nicotine is to be extracted from water using kerosene. If 100 lb of a 64.5
2% nicotene solution is extracted once with 200 lb of kerosene,
what percent of the nicotene is extracted? {Equilibrium data: Y[lb
nicotene/lb kerosene] = 0.90X [lb nicotene/lb water]}
73 We must cool 2500 gpm of water from 120 to 80 deg F. A cooling 77.2
tower, at 70 deg F and 1 atm, is to be designed to operate with
entering air of 40% relative humidity. How many gpm of makeup
water must be supplied if windage loss is 95% of the amount lost by
evaporation.
74 We wish to build an economical cold room 20 ft square and 10 ft 3537
high. The outside temperature is 80 deg F and te room is to be
maintained at 0 deg F. The boss has suggested parallel wooden
outer and inner walls separated by a 6-in air space. What will be the
heat loss [Btu/hr] through each wall?
75 A colloidal solution is to be concentrated from 15 to 65% solids. The 10500
specific heat of the feed, entering at 50 deg F is 0.93. The pressure
of the saturated steam to the evaporator is 10 psia; the condenser
pressure is 5-in. Hg abs. The steam chest has an overall heat
transfer coefficient of 200 Btu/hr-sq.ft.-degF. Water must be
evaporated at the rate of 35,000 lb/hr. Neglecting boiling point
elevation, what is the steam consumption [lb/hr]?
76 What is the settling time [sec] for galena particles to settle under 38.1
free settling conditions through 5 ft of water at 50 deg F. Galena is
spherical in shape, with specific gravity and 0.01 inch in diameter.
98 A 30 MW geothermal electric power plant uses hot steam from the 2.5 e8
earth at 157 deg C to heat and vaporize isobutane, which turns a
turbine that is connected to a generator. The isobutane is
subsequently cooled to 27 degC using fans and condensed back to
a liquid. The overall efficiency of the plant is 40% of the ideal
(Carnot) efficiency. How many joules of heat must be released to the
atmosphere per second?
113 Ninety grams of ethane and 384 grams of oxygen are fed 0.8
continuously to a laboratory furnace. The total combustion products
collected was 16.2 gmole with no carbon dioxide. However, not all of
the ethane was burned due to faulty combustion. The fraction of
ethane that was burned is equal to
114 The furnace at the Bataan refinery is using a fuel gas which 63.25
contains methane, ethane and 20% nitrogen. The orsat analysis of
the combustion products showed 7.8% CO2, 7.4% O2, and 84.8%
N2. The gas is burned with excess air. The % methane in the fuel
gas is
115 Pyrite containing 78% FeS2 and 22% gangue is burned with excess 3.52
air to produce a stack gas with the following analysis: 7.29% SO2,
8.92%O2, 82.44%N2 and 1.35%SO3. If the cinder was found to
have a partial analysis of 62.10% Fe2O3, the % of FeS2 lost in the
pyrite is
116 The unit of k for a 1st order elementary reaction is 1/time
117 If the temperature of a chemical reaction is raised by 10 degC, the 4
rate of reaction is increased by a factor of
118 The E of a reaction may be lowered by increasing
temperature
119 The mechanism of a reaction can sometimes be deduced from the activation
energy
120 The equilibrium constant in a reversible chemical reaction at a given depends on the
temperature initial conc of the
reactants
121 If the volume of a reaction vessel is suddenly reduced to one half its 2
original volume the rate will increase by a factor of
122 The rate of reaction is not influenced by conc of the
reactants
123 The net rate of reaction of an intermediate is 0
124 A reaction is known to be first order in A. A straight line will be log Ca vs time
obtained by plotting
125 If the reaction 2A ---> B+C is second order, which of the following Ca^2 vs time
plots will give a straight line?
126 For the reaction A+B ---> 2C, when Ca is doubled the rate doubles, -ra = k Ca^2 Cb^4
when Cb is doubled the rate increases fourfold. The rate law is
127 It states that the rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the Le Chatelier's
activity of the reactants. principle
128 The half life of a material undergoing second order decay is proportional to the
square of the
initial conc
129 A fluid flows through 2 CSTR in series. Each reactor has a capacity 66.8
of 400,000 L and the fluid enters at 100 L per hr. The fluid
undergoes a first order decay with a half life of 24 hours. Find the
conversion of the fluid.
130 A first order reaction has a specific rate constant of 3e-3 per sec. 0.0021 s
The half life is
131 A certain reaction is 1st order in A. In 30 min, the concentration of A 45.1 min
decreases from 0.55 to 0.15 mol/L. The time it will take for A to
decrease from 0.35 to 0.15 mol/L is
132 A gas decomposes at 900 degC according to 2A--->2R+S with a 3.83
rate constant of 1000 cc/gmol-s using pure A. The time it will take to
react 80% of A in a batch reactor at 900 degC and 1 atm in min is
133 Calculate the length of a chlorinating pipe line with diameter of 0.6 25.36 m
m required to kill 95% of the bacteria in waste water flowing at 0.05
cu.m/s. Test shows that 95.33% kill is obtained in 5 minutes when
treated with 5 mg/L of chlorine. Chlorine disinfection kinetics is given
by the equation: dC/dt = k Ct^1.5 where C = number of bacteria.
Assume that the same concentration of chlorine is used in actual
treatment operation.
134 The set of data given below is for the parallel reaction: a---k1-->2R, 0.1697
a---k2-->S. At t=0, Ca=15 moles/cuft, Cr = 1 mole/cuft, Cs=1
mole/cuft; At t=1 hr, Cro = 9 moles/cuft, Cs = 3 moles/cuft. The value
of K2 per hour is
135 A batch reaction 2D+E----->F has a conversion factor expressed by 257
the equation r =0.24 t^0.5 where r = conversion factor based on
the reactant E; t = time in hours which ranges from 0.5 to 16 hours
per batch depending upon the process variables. The average
molecular weight of the feed is 60 and a density of 1.4 g/cc. The
feed consists of 2 kgmole of D and 1 kgmole of E. The charging,
cleaning and discharging time per batch is 2.5 hrs and the volume of
the reactor is twice the volume of the feed. Assume 300 days per
year and 12 hours operation/day. The volume of the reactor in liters
is
138 At 500K the rate of bimolecular reaction is 10 times the rate at 8150
400K. Find E in cal, the activation energy for this reaction from
Arrhenius Law.
139 The reaction A+2B--->R is 1st order with respect to each reactant. If Cao/2m
equimolar amounts of A and B are introduced into a constant-
volume reactor and (1/m) th of A remains after t1, how much will
remain after t2=2t1?
140 When the 1st order homogeneous reaction (gas-phase) A--->2.5R is 43.1
carried out in an isothermal batch reactor at 2 atm with 20% inerts
present, the volume increases by 60% in 20 min. When the reaction
is carried out in a constant volume reactor, the time required for the
pressure to reach 8 atm if the initial pressure is 5 atm, 2 atm of
which consist of inerts in min is
141 When the ID of the pipe through which a fluid flows is doubled, the 1/8
pressure loss due to friction per unit length of pipe and for the same
volumetric flow rate is changed by approximately a factor of
142 When two centrifugal pumps are connected in series, the discharge 1/2
changes by a factor of
143 When two reciprocating pumps are connected in parallel, the 1/2
volumetric capacity of the system changes by a factor of
144 The pressure drop in a pipeline changes by a factor of _____ when 1/2
the velocity of the flowing fluid is doubled.
145 Cavitation occurs in a centrifugal pump when the discharge
pressure
becomes too high
150 When the impeller speed of an ideal centrifugal pump is doubled, 1/2
the vol. flow rate of discharge is increased by a factor of
151 The differential height between two points which a fluid has to be potential head
transferred is the
152 The resistance of a layer of fluid to flow over the next layer is viscosity
measured by
153 An axial flow pump operating at a speed of 880 rpm can supply 20
water at a rate of 3000 gpm. The maximum head that this pump can
deliver in ft. of water is
154 Specify the type of open impeller pump to use if the capacity is 400 3x2x8.5E
gpm at a head of 200 ft of water.
155 What will be the rated capacity [gpm] of a 4-1/2 inch impeller 95
centrifugal pump operating at a speed of 3450 rpm capable of
generating a head of 40 ft of water.
156 If the speed of a centrifugal pump is doubled, the energy 2
requirement becomes approximately ___ times the original energy
requirement.
157 A cylindrical tank 1 ft in diameter discharges through a nozzle 32
connected to the base. Find the time needed for the water level in
the tank to drop from 4 ft to 2 ft above the nozzle. The diameter of
the nozzle is 1 inch and its discharge coefficient maybe taken as
unity.
158 The NPSH of a single suction centrifugal hot water pump at a speed 15
of 3550 rpm operating at a pressure of 600 psi and a capacity of
450 gpm is ___ ft.
159 The rate of evaporation at a given operating temperature in a n when the
evaporator is more when operating
pressure is high
160 An optimim number of the effects for a given application is a capacity
function of the
161 A popular type of heat exchanger for cooling large quantities of fluid double-pipe
is the
162 An evaporator is used to concentrate 10,000 lb/hr of a 20% solution 0.82
of NaOH in water at 140oF using saturated steam at 25 psia at a
rate of 7,000 lb/hr. The OHTC is 275 BTU/hr-ft 2-oF when the
pressure in the vapor is 1.7 psia. The steam economy, SE, is
163 A cross flow heat exchanger uses mixed air at 4 kg/s that enters at 22.2 m2
15oC and leaves at 45oC. The air cools unmixed water, which enters
at 95oC and 0.70 kg/s. The OHTC equals 150 W/m2-oC. After
several months of operation, a scale resistance of 0.002 m 2-oC/W
developed. 16. The heat transfer area required to accomplish the
change is
178 Ordinary diffusion takes place because of ___ driving force. temperature
179 What are the two limiting cases of steady-state diffusion? UMD and EMD
180 Which of the following is not true in (binary) equimolar counter- DAB = DBA
diffusion?
181 A fluid is flowing on a surface, which contains a component that Knudsen region
leaches out to the fluid. Assuming that all the 3 regions of mass
transfer are present, in which of these regions is diffusion
controlling?
182 In unsteady-state mass transfer, the quantity (D ABt/rm^2) is referred to unaccomplished
as change
183 What is the equivalent of Prandtl number in convective mass Sc
transfer?
184 If kx > ky, then the controlling phase is the liquid phase
186 Which of the following processes may always be regarded as a cooling of air
constant- humidity process?
187 Air conditioning in tropical countries involves humidification by
a process similar
to that in a cooling
tower
188 What do you call the steady-state non-equilibrium temperature dry-bulb
reached when a small amount of water is contacted under adiabatic temperature
conditions by a continuous stream of gas?
189 The moisture content of a solid is given as 50% wet basis. What is 0.5
the moisture content, dry basis?
190 The moisture that can be removed by drying is called equilibrium
moisture
191 Falling-period in drying terminates at the end of constant-
rate period
192 Which is not true at the interphase of a gas scrubbing operation? the solute
concentration of
the gas is less
than that of the
bulk
193 He and N2 gas are contained in a conduit 5 mm in diameter and a 2.35 exp -5
0.1 m long at 298 K and a uniform pressure of He at one end of the
tube is 0.6 atm and 0.02 atm at the other end. Assuming equimolar
countercurrent diffusion, the flux in kmol/s-m2 is
194 100 m3/hr of air at 60°C and 20% RH is needed for a chemical 5280
reactor. This will be obtained from process air at 60°C and 10% RH
by humidifying adiabatically the process air followed by heating to its
original temperature. The wattage of the heater at 80% efficiency is
203 In a gas absorption operation, when the operating line crosses the the NTU is zero
equilibrium curve
204 Methanol diffuses in 0.15 cm stagnant film of 1:1 mole mixture of 0.15
hydrogen and CO2 at 100oC and 2 atm. The partial pressures of
methanol on both sides are 0.6 and 0.2 atm. The average diffusivity
of methanol in the hydrogen and CO2 at 0 oC and 1 atm in cm2/s is
210 Water flows through an 8-in (ID=7.981 in) steel pipe at an average 10.58
velocity of 6 ft/s. Downstream the pipe splits into an 8-in main and a
2 in (ID=2.067 in) bypass pipes. If the velocity in the bypass is twice
the velocity of the main pipe, the volumetric flow rate [ft 3/s] in the
main pipe is
211 An imaginary line within a fluid flow such that a tangent at any point stream tube
indicates the direction of flow at that point.
212 Air at 250C [viscosity=0.018 cP] enters a section of 2-in schedule 40 350
commercial steel pipe at a gauge pressure of 310 kPa and a flow
rate of 1200 kg/h. Assuming isothermal flow, what is the pressure
drop [kPa] in 60 m of pipe?
213 A simple pitot tube measures acoustical velocity
214 Which of the following meters will have the highest permanent pitot tube
pressure loss?
215 In the flow meter equation, Y, indicates the mass flow rate
226 The overhead product composition decreases with time in batch distillation
with reflux
227 For a binary mixture with low relativity, continuous rectification to get low reflux ratio
pure products will require
228 Chemisorption is the same as van
der Waals
231 What are the two contacting phase in leaching? extract phase and
raffinate phase
232 Hydrogen sulfide is removed from water by contacting the solution Distillation
with warm air. The operation is
233 Disregarding the cost, which is the best solvent for the extraction of caproic acid
acetic acid from an aqueous solution at 25deg C?
234 Professional Regulations Commission was created under P.D. No. 223
235 A chemical engineer who designed and built a new type pf reactor 1
and for three years, sold many units to the public can still patent his
reactor.
236 A person who has passed the Chemical Licensure Examination can 18
take his/her oath as a chemical engineer if his/her age is not less
than _______ years.
237 Which of the following is not a requirement for utility model inventive step
registration?
238 A section of the patent application containing detailed descriptions disclosure
of the benefits obtained from using the invention is called the
239 A document issued by the DENR secretary indicating that the Environmental
proposed project will cause significant negative environmental Impact Statement
impact.
240 In the Philippines, sulfur for sulfuric acid manufacturing is sourced paper
from _______ industry.
241 Sulfur is undesirable in petroleum because it causes engine
knocking
256 The process involved in converting rubber into a thin sheet or extrusion
coating it on fabric is called
257 Alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS) is a detergent
258 Neoprene is a monomer
259 Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 10 MPa and 500 degC at a rate 0.2348
of 3 kg/s and leaves at 0.1 MPa. If the power output of the turbine
is 2 MW, determine the turbine efficiency.
260 Work is a property of the
system
261 Throttling process is a reversible and
isothermal
process
262 A sample consisting of 1.00 mole of Argon gas is expanded 0
isothermally and reversibly at 0°C from 22.4L to 44.8L. The heat
absorbed by the system is
263 Maximum work can be obtained from a system when the change isothermal
taking place in it is
264 The ratio of work performed by a system and the heat it absorbed Entropy
from a reservoir is referred to
265 According to the first law of thermodynamics Energy is neither
lost nor gained in
any energy
transformation.
266 In a 3-stage compressor system whose isentropic efficiencies are greater than 0.85
reported to be 0.75, 0.85 and 0.84, respectively, steam initially at 10
kPa is compressed to a final pressure of 500 kPa. The overall
efficiency of the system is
267 In choosing the refrigerant, the fluid must have the following environmentally
characteristics, except benign
268 Coolers and boilers are ordinarily operated at ________ condition. isobaric
271 This is also known as the volume fraction of the voids in packed sphericity
beds.
272 A measure of the ratio of the drag force acting on a unit area of the Froude number
impeller & the inertial stress.
273 Sulfuric acid is pumped at 3 kg/s through a 60-m length of smooth 3
25 mm pipe. If the pressure drop falls by one-half, what will be the
new flow rate [kg/s]? Assume the following properties of sulfuric
acid: SG = 1.84, viscosity = 25 cP.
274 The equation del(P) = -(rho)(g) del(z) is known as the hydrostatic shear forces are
vertical law for which all the following assumptions are applied, not involved
except
275 Which of the following can be adjusted by human operator in a set point
closed feedback control loop?
276 The thermocouple is based on the Seebeck effect which states that current
a/an _____ is generated when opposite junction of certain dissimilar
pairs of wires are exposed to different temperatures.
277 Dead time is a function of distance and momentum
278 A pneumatic controller is used to control temperature within the 2.83kPa/K
range 280K to 310K. The controller is adjusted so that the output
pressure goes from 20kPa (valve fully open) to 105 Kpa (valve fully
closed) as the measured temperature goes from 295K to 300K with
the sent point held constant. What is the proportional gain?
279 The parameter which completely describes the behavior of the Time constant
response to a disturbance of a second order system is the
B C D ANSWER SCORE
butterfly valve globe valve orifice
a 1
4" dia Wrought 1" dia Drawn 4" dia Riveted steel
iron pipe tubing pipe d 1
a 1
64 kg 128 kg 32 kg
c 1
31.4 26.4 57.8
b 1
over 100 but less over 20 million over 2 but less than 3
than 200
c 1
a 1
75 75.26 78.5
a 1
b 1
c 1
b 1
4 5 6
b 1
c 1
d 1
c 1
d 1
b 1
a 1
9.12 4.72 3.03
a 1
38 39 40
c 1
9 8 7
a 1
c 1
d 1
a 1
a 0
150 227.2 300
c 0
d 1
c 1
18.3 13.8 5
b 1
1.35 4.67 2
a 1
84 95 100
b 1
27.7 7 0.52
a 1
c 1
55.2 25.2 20
a 1
d 1
b 1
300 100 25
a 1
c 1
18 23 33
b 1
100 38 0.038
d 1
d 1
2.2 e8 3 e7 5.2 e8
b 1
c 1
a 1
b 1
8 9.5 17
c 1
a 1
b 1
b 1
c 1
a 1
c 1
a 1
d 1
1 2 4
c 1
1 2 4
b 1
1 2 4
d 1
the discharge the suction suction is lost
valve is closed pressure is too
high c 1
3.58 21 58.3
b 1
b 1
1 2 2exp2
c 1
4 8 10
c 1
55 77 94
c 1
20 25 30
b 1
b 1
25 m2 17 m2 20 m2
d 1
b 1
Sh Bi Pe
a 1
the gas phase the interface either of the bulk
phases b 1
in the gas phase in the liquid in either film
a 1
phase
air conditioning water-cooling in heating of air
a cooling tower d 1
humidification by a dehumidification dehumidification by
process similar to and removal of condensing water
air-water vapor sensible heat vapor in a refrigerator c 1
saturator
wet-bulb adiabatic dew point
temperature saturation temperature b 1
temperature
1 2 50
b 1
bound moisture free moisture unbound moisture
c 1
origin of R vs X critical free equilibrium moisture
plot moisture content content d 1
a 1
d 1
b 1
c 1
c 1
c 1
d 1
1 1.5 5 b 1
blowers fans compressors
d 1
height of descend viscosity surface tension
d 1
0.106 kg 0.189 kg 0.198 kg
b 1
19 21 23
c 1
c 1