THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,MADURAI -15

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
14CE510 NUMERICAL METHODS
TUTORIAL I

I Find a positive root of the following by Bisection Method

1. x3 +3x2 -5 = 0 (2) 3x = 1  sin x (3) 3x = cos x +1 (4) 3x + sin x = ex (5) x2 + 4 sin x

= 0 ( find negative root)

II Find a positive root of the following by Fixed Point Method

x 1
1. sin x  (2) 3x + sin x = ex (3) cos x – x2 – x = 0 (4)2x = 1 + 2 sin x
x 1

(5)20. 2x – log10x = 7.

III Find a positive root of the following Secant Method

(1) xex = 3. (2)x log10x = 1.2 (3) tan x + tanh x = 0 (4) xex = cos
x

(5) x2 – logex = 12

IV Find a positive root of the following by Method Of Tangents

(1) x tan x = 1.28 (2)x log10x = 4.77239 (3) x sin x + cos x = 0 (4)sin x = 1 + x3

(5)sin x = x/2( root lies between π & π/2)

V Solve by Gauss elimination method

1. 10 x  y  z  12 ; x  10 y  z  12 ; x  y  10 z  12.
2. 3 x  y  2 z  12 ; x  2 y  3 z  11 ; 2 x  2 y  z  2.
3. x  2 y  3 z  6 ; 2 x  4 y  z  7 ; 3 x  2 y  9 z  11.
4. 4 x  3 y  3 z  11; 3 x  4 y  2 z  11 ; 2 x  3 y  z  7.
5. x  y  2 z  7 ; 3 x  2 y  4 z  13 ; 4 x  3 y  2 z  8.
VI Solve by Jordan method the system of equations
1. 5 x  2 y  z  12 ;  x  4 y  2 z  20 ; 2 x  3 y  10 z  3.
2. 8 x  y  z  18 ; 2 x  5 y  2 z  3 ; x  y  3 z  16.
3. x  2 y  10 z  30.6 ; 2 x  5 y  z  10.5 ; 3 x  y  z  9.3.

4. 2 x  3 y  2 z  2; 3 x  6 y  z  6 :10 x  3 y  4 z  16

5. 2 x  2 y  z  w  4; 4 x  3 y  z  2 w  6; 8 x  5 y  3 z  4 w  12; 3 x  3 y  2 z  2 w  6
VII Solve by LU decomposition method(Crout’s method) the system of equations
1. 5 x  2 y  z  4 ; x  6 y  2 z  1 ; 3 x  y  5 z  13.
2. 4 x  y  3 z  11; 3 X  4 y  2 z  11; 2 x  3 y  z  7
3. 2 x  6 y  z  12; 5 x  y  z  11; 4 x  y  3 z  10
4. 2 x  4 y  8 z  41; 4 x  6 y  10 z  56;6 x  8 y  10 z  64
5. 5x - 9y - 2z  4w  7; 3x  y  4z  11w  2;10x - 7y  3z  5w  6; - 6x  8y - z - 4w  5

VIII Find the inverse of the matrix by Gauss Jordan method

 3 2 4 3 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 1  2 2 3
         2 1 1
 2 1 2 .  2  3  1 .  2 3  1 .  1 2  3 .  
1 3 5  1  1  2 2  2 1 3  1 3 5
1.   2.  1 2 3.   4.   5.

IX Solve Gauss Jacobi method and by SEIDAL method the system of equations
1. 20x - y - 2z = 17, 3x + 20y - z = - 18, 2x - 3y + 20z = 25.
2. 30 x  2 y  3 z  75 ; 2 x  2 y  18 z  30 ; x  17 y  2 z  48.
3. x + 3y + 5z = 173.61, x - 27y + 2z = 71.31, 41x - 2y + 3z = 65.46 ( Start with initial values
x = 1 , y = - 2 and z = 3 )

4. 50 x  2 y  3 z  196; 3 x  65 y  2 z  81;  x  y  33 z  110

5. 83 x  11 y  4 z  95; 7 x  52 y  13 z  104; ;3 x  8 y  29 z  71
PART A

1. Illustrate Bisection method.

2. Explain the Physical meaning of Bisection Method.
3. Explain the geometrical interpretation of secant Method.
4. What is the minimum number of iterations required for the convergence of solution in
Bisection Method?
5. Explain Iteration Method.
6. Explain the Physical meaning of Fixed Point Method.
7. Derive the condition for convergence of Fixed Point method.
8. What is the order of convergence in Fixed point method?
9. Illustrate Newton’s method.
10. Explain the Physical meaning of method of tangents.
11. Derive the condition for convergence of Newton’s method.
12. What is the order of convergence in Newton’s method?
13. Find an iterative formula for finding 3 N hence find the value of 3 28 .
14. What is the order of convergence of method of tangents, Regula Falsi method, Iteration
mthod.?
15. Find an iterative formula for (N)1/p
16. Differentiate between direct methods and iteration method.
17. How will you find negative root of an equation by Secant Method(Regula falsi method)?
 1 3 
18. Find inverse of A =   by Gauss – Jordan method.
 2 7
19. Compare Gauss Jacobi and Gauss Siedel methods for solving linear system of the form
AX = B.
20. State the conditions for convergence of Gauss Siedel method for solving a system of
equations.
21. Compare Gaussian elimination method and Gauss-Jordan method.
22. Solve: x  4 y  2 ; 3 x  y  7 by Jordan Method.
23. Solve : x  4 y  2 ; 3 x  y  7 by Crout’s method
24. What is the condition for the convergence of Gauss Jacobi Method?
25. Distinguish between Direct and Indirect methods.
26. Give the iteration scheme for Gauss - Jacobi method
27. Give the iteration scheme for Gauss - Seidel method
28. How will you find the inverse of a Matrix using Crout’s method?
29. How will you determine the least eigen value of a matrix using power method?
30. Differentiate between Power method and Jacobi method of finding eigen value?
31. Define i) Interpolation. ii) Extrapolation.
32. State Newton Forward Interpolation Formula. . When it is used?
33. State Newton Backward Interpolation Formula. . When it is used?
34. Give the Second degree polynomial through (0,2),(2,1)&(1,0)
35. Give the Second degree polynomial through (0,0),(1,1)&(2,20).
36. State Lagrange’s formula for interpolation of unequal intervals
37. What are the advantages of Lagrange's formula?
38. What is inverse interpolation?
39. State Newton’s i) Forward ii) Backward formula for computing derivatives.
40. State Newton- Cote’s formula for Numerical Integration.
41. State Trapezoidal Rule.
42. State Simpson’s i) 1/3 rd rule ii) 3/8 th Rule and state when they can be used.
43. Mention the number of intervals required to use i) 1/3 rd rule ii) 3/8 th rule
iii) Trapezoidal Rule

44. State Gauss’s two point, and three point quadrature formula.
45. State Simpson's cubature formula.
46. Define cubic spline
47. Differentiate between cubic spline interpolation and Newtons interpolation.
48. Classify the partial differential equation (x2)uxx + (1 - y2)uyy = 0
49. Mention the predictor and corrector formula used in Milne's multistep method
50. Mention the predictor and corrector formula used in Adam's multistep method
PART B

I LAGRANGE’S FORMULA

1. Find y(10) given y(5) = 12, y(6) = 13, y(9) =14, y(11) = 16.
2. Fit a polynomial passing through the points (0,4), 1,3), (4,24), (5,39).
3. If log(300) = 2.4771, log(304) = 2.4829, log(305) = 2.4843, find log (301).

II NEWTON METHOD

1.Use Newton Gregory formulae to find the value of y at x=1.05 and y(1.45) from the
following

X: 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Y: 0.841 0.891 0.912 0.964 0.985 1.015

2.Find y(1946) from the table of values

x : 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991

y : 20 24 29 36 46 51

III CUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION

1. Fit a cubic spline polynomial for the data and hence find y(4.5).
x 3 4 5
y 36 73 134

2. For the following table

x 1 2 3
y 18 32 54

Using cubic spline findy(2.5).

IV DERIVATIVES USING NEWTON’S FORMULA

1. Using Newton formulae for derivatives find the first and second derivative of x from
the following
X: 15 17 19 21 23 25
x: 3.873 4.123 4.359 4.583 4.796 5.000

2. Find the first and second derivative of the function given below at x =3

x: 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0

y: -14 -10.032 -5.296 -0.256 6.672 14

3. Find the rate of increase of population of a certain city in 1931 & in 1965, from the table
given below

x 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

y 40.62 60.8 79.95 103.56 132.65

V NUMERICAL INTEGRATION
/
1. Using Simpson’s rules to evaluate ∫
2. The velocity(k.m/min) of a moped which starts from rest is given at fixed intervals of
time t(min) as follows.Estimate ths distance travelled using SImpson's and Trephezoidal
rule.
t 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
X 10 18 25 29 32 20 11 5 2 0
3. A river is 80 meter wide. The depth d in meters at a distance x meters from one bank
is given by the following table. Calculate the area of cross section of the river
using Simpson’s rule.
x: 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
d: 0 4 7 9 12 15 14 8 3
Use Simpson'srule.

VI GAUSS QUADRATURE FORMULA

Evaluate the following integrals using Gauss two point and three point formula
 1 2
1 1 x
1.  dx 3.  dx 4.  dx
0
1  sin x 0 1 x  x
2
0 ( x  2)
2

VII SIMPSON CUBATURE FORMULA

Using Simpson's Cubature formula find the value of the double integral

1. ∫ ∫ 2) ∫ ∫ sin( + ) ∫ ∫
3
1
3. Apply Gauss two point formula and three point to evaluate  1  t dt .
2

Part A

1. Define Initial Value Problem and Boundary Value Problem.

2. Give : I) Second order R-K Algorithm ii) Fourth order R-K Algorithm in solving
dy
 f ( x, y ). given y ( x 0 )  y 0 .
dx
3. Mention Milne’s Predictor Corrector formula .
4. Mention Adam-Bashforth Predictor Corrector formula.
5. Represent second and fourth order derivatives in terms of finite difference quotients.
6. What do you mean by predictor corrector methods?
7. Differentiate between single step methods and multi step methods.
8. Using Runge-Kutta method of second order find y(0.1), given y’ = -y, y(0) = 1
9. Compare Numerov method and Milne’s method.
10. Solve y’’ = - y, y(0) = 1, y(0) = 0, y(π) = -1.h = π/2.
11. Explain briefly the finite difference method of solving a boundary value problem.
12. Mention the equivalent finite difference quotients for the first and second derivatives.
13. Specify the general PDE of order 2.
  2u  2u  2u u u
14. When a general linear PDE A 2  B C 2 D E  F  0 of
x xy y x y
second order is said to be I) Elliptic ii) Parabolic iii) Hyperbolic.
 2u  2u  2u u u
15. Classify the equation : 2  4 4 2  2 0
x xy y x y
 2u  2u  2u u
16. Classify the equation : y y  2 y    8y .
x 2 xy y 2 y
17. In which parts of the (x,y) plane is the following equation elliptic :
 2u  2u 2  u
2
18.   ( x  y ) 2  2 Sin ( xy ) .
2

x 2 xy y
19. State i) Standard five point formula ii) Diagonal five point formula.
20. Mention the Scheme of Leibmann’s Iterative process
21. Write down the Bender Schmidt recurrence equation in solving a parabolic equation.
22. Mention the Crank Nicholson difference scheme in solving a parabolic equation.
23. Give the explicit scheme of solving a hyperbolic equations.

24. Classify the following equation f xx  2 f xy  4 f yy  0.

25. Classify the following equation f xx  2 f xy  0.

Part B
RUNGE-KUTTA METHOD

1 Find the value of y for x = 0.1,02 by Runge-Kutta method of second order and
dy y  x
Fourth order. given that  ; given that y (0)  1.
dx y  x

2. Find by Runge-Kutta method of second order and fourth order , the value of y at x=0.1
dy
and x=0.2 to five paces of decimals from  x 2 y  1; given that y (0)  1.
dx

3. Apply R-K Method of i) Second order ii) fourth order to find the approximate value of
dy
y for x = 0.2 in steps of 0,1 if  x  y 2 ; given that y (0)  1.
dx
dy
4. Obtain the solution of  x 2 (1  y ); given that y (1)  1. at 1 to 1.3 by any
dx
Runge-Kutta method of second order and fourth order Method and estimate y at x=1.4
5. Using Runge Method of second and fourth order find y(1.1) and y(1.2)
dy x2
 ; given that y (1)  1.
dx (1  y )
6. Find the values of y(0.2) and y(0.4), using Runge-Kutta method of order 4, given that
= , y(0) = 1.
 MILNE’S AND ADAM’S METHOD

7. Given
dy 1
 x 2  y; y (1)  2, y (1.1)  2.2156, y (1.2)  2.4649, y (1.3)  2.7514
dx 2
Use Milne’s method and Adam’s Method to estimate y(1.4) corrected to 4 decimal
places.
8. Find y(0.4) given = − , given y(0) = 1, y(0.1) = 1.0959, y(0.2) = 1.1841, y(0.3) =
1.2662. Use Milne’s method and Adam’s Method.
9. Find y(0.4) given = , y(0) = 1, after computing y(0.1),y(0.2), y(0.3) by Runge-
Kutta method of second order. Use Milne’s method and Adam’s Method to estimate
y(0.4) corrected to 4 decimal places.

10. Given = ( + ) , y(0) = 1, compute y(0.1),y(0.2), y(0.3) by Runge-Kutta

method of second order and hence find y(0.4) by Milne’s method and Adam’s Method
11. Obtain the solution of y '  x 2 (1  y ) ; y (1)  1@ x  1 (0.1) (1.3) using Runge-Kutta
method of second order and estimate y at x=1.4 by Adam’s Predictor and corrector
formulae.

FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD

12. Use finite difference method to solve the equation y"2 y ' y  0 ; y (0)  0 ; y (1)  1.
Take h = 0.25
13. Use finite difference method to solve the equation y"9 y  e x ; y (0)  4 / 3 ; y (1)  0.38.
14. Solve the following equation at the intermediate points, given y” + y = sin x, y(0) = 1,
y(1) = 1. Take h = 1/3.
15. Applying finite difference method solve the equation yiv = x + y2, y(0) = -1, y(1) = 1.
h = 1/4
16. Compute y(0.25), y(0.5),y(0.75), if yiv = x2 – y, y(1) = 1, y(2) = 0

ELLIPTIC EQUATION

1. Solve uxx + uyy = 0 at the mesh points whose boundary values are as given in the fig
2. Solve the following Laplace equation  2 u  0 in the square region bounded by
x  0 ; x  4 ; y  0 ; y  4 with the boundary conditions
1
u (0, y )  0 ; u ( 4, y )  8  2 y ; u ( x,0)  x 2 ; u ( x,4)  x 2 with h=k=1
2
3. Solve: u xx  u yy  0 ; over the square mesh of side 4 satisfying the following
u (0, y )  0 ; 0  y  4 ; u (4, y )  12  y ; 0  y  4 ;
boundary conditions
u ( x ,0 )  3 x ; 0  x  4 ; u ( x , 4 )  x 2 ; 0  x  4 ;
4. Solve the following Poisson equation  2 u  4( x 2  y 2 ) over the square mesh of side 3
units satisfying the following B.Cs u (0, y )  0 ; u (3, y )  0 ; u ( x,0)  0 ; u ( x,3)  0.
5. Solve the following Poisson equation  2 u  8 x 2 y 2 for the square mesh of the following
figure with u(x,y)=0 on the boundary and the mesh length of 1 unit.
6. Solve Uxx + Uyy = 0 using Leibamann’s method for the following boundary.
 PARABOLIC EQUATION

1. Solve u t  5u xx by Bender Schmidt process with

 20 x ; 0  x  3
u (0, t )  0 ; u (5, t )  60 ; u ( x,0)   . for 5 time steps having h=1.
 60 3  x  5
2. Solve the following equation by Crank Nicholson method
a. u t  u xx ; 0  x  5 ; t  0 ; u ( x,0)  20 ; u (0, t )  0 ; u (5, t )  100 for one time
step.(Corrected to 3 decimal places.
3. Solve: u xx  u t , taking h=0.25 for t>0, 0<x<1 and u(x,0)=sin π x, u(0,t)=0, (7) u(1,t)=0,
Compute u up to 5 time steps using Bender Schmidt method.

HYPERBOLIC EQUATION

1. Evaluate at the pivotal values of the following equation taking h=1 and up to one
half of the period of the oscillation 16u xx  u tt given
u (0, t )  u (5, t )  0 ; u ( x,0)  x 2 (5  x ) ; u t ( x,0)  0.

2. Solve the following Hyperbolic equation u tt  u xx ; given

1
a. u (0, t )  u (4, t )  0 ; u ( x,0)  x(4  x) & u t ( x,0)  0 . Take h=1 and find the
2
solution up to 5 steps in t direction.
3. Solve numerically : 25u xx  u tt given
 20 x ; 0  x 1
u t ( x,0)  0 ; u )0, t )  u (5, t )  0 & u ( x,0)  
5(5  x) ;1  x  5
Solve numerically : 25u xx  u tt given

 20 x ; 0  x 1
u t ( x,0)  0 ; u (0, t )  u (5, t )  0 & u ( x,0)  
5(5  x) ;1  x  5