B.tech Civil Engineering-2
B.tech Civil Engineering-2
B.tech Civil Engineering-2
CURRICULUM
B.Tech Civil Engineering
(2015 - 16 Batch onwards)
Breakup of Courses
Sl. No. Category Credits
1 University Core 70
2 University Elective 12
3 Programme Core 63
4 Programme Elective 35
Minimum credits required to qualify 180
Credits Offered 180
Preparation of line sketches in accordance with functional requirements and building rules for the following types of
building as per National Building Code:
Detailed Drawings (Plan, Elevation and section for the following) by manual and by using AutoCAD:
Mode of Delivery: Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry.
Text Books
1. K.R.Arora, “ Soil mechanics and Foundation Engineering” Std Publishers, New Delhi. 2011.
Reference Books
1. Gopal ranjan and Rao, A.S., “ Basic and applied soil mechanics”, New Age Internationa. 2007.
2. Braja M. Das, “Principles of Geotechnical Engineering”, Cengage learning pvt Ltd, 8th Edition, 2014.
3. Holtz D. and Kovacs, W.D., “An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering”, Prentice Hall. 2nd Edition 2011.
Complied by Prof. B. R. Phanikumar & Prof. S. S. Chandra Sekaran
Total Lecture 30
Mode: Flipped Class Room, Virtual mode [Lecture to be videotaped], Field visit, Min of 2 lectures by industry experts.
Text Books
1. Ramamrutham S and Narayanan R, “Strength of Materials” Dhanpat Rai publications, 2008.
Reference Books
1. Gere, J.M. and Goodno, B.J., “Strength of Materials”, Indian Edition (4th reprint), Cengage Learning India Private
Ltd., 2009.
2. Beer, F.P., Johuston, Jr., E.R., Dewolf, J.T. and Mazureu, D.E., “Mechanics of Materials”, Fifth Edition, McGraw
Hill, 2009.
3. Timoshenko, S.P. and Young, D.H., “Elements of Strength of Materials”, Fifth Edition, (In MKS Units), East-West
Press Pvt. Ltd., 2009.
4. Bansal R.K , "Strength of Materials", Laxmi Publications, 2010.
Complied by Prof. Abdul Rahim
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Mode of Delivery: Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry.
Tutorial
Minimum of 5 Problems to be worked out by Students in Every Tutorial Class
Another 5 Problems per Tutorial Class to be given as Home Work.
Tutorial Class Module 1 2
Tutorial Class Module 2 2
Tutorial Class Module 3 2
Tutorial Class Module 4 2
Tutorial Class Module 5 2
Tutorial Class Module 6 2
Tutorial Class Module 7 3
Teaching mode: videos, animations, models, visit to water and wastewater treatment plants. Min of 2 lectures by
industry experts on latest technologies on water and wastewater treatment, Problem based learning
Evaluation Mode: Individual Exercises, Team Exercises, Online Discussion Forums
Text Book
1. Peavy, H.S., Rowe, D.R. and Tchobanoglous, G., “Environmental Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 2013
Reference Books
1. Davis, M.L. and Cornwell, D.A., “Introduction to Environmental Engineering”, McGraw Hill.,2013
2. Masters, G.M., “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science”, Prentice Hall of India, 2008
3. Arcievala, S.J., “Wastewater Treatment for Pollution Control”, Tata McGraw Hill., 2009
4. Metcalf and Eddy , Wastewater Engineering, Treatment and reuse, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition, Fourth
edition., 2007
5. Hammer, M.J. and Hammer, M.J., “Water and Wastewater Technology”, 7th Ed., Prentice Hall of India,
2011
Complied by Prof. P. C. Sabumon & Prof. M. P. Saravanakumar
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
SL. No Experiments Laboratory hours SLO
Determination of pH, Turbidity and conductivity (IS 3025
1 2 14, 13
Part 11, 10 and 14)
Determination of Hardness (IS 3025 Part 21);
2 2 14, 13
Determination of Alkalinity (IS 3025 Part 23)
3 Determination of Chlorides (IS 3025 Part 32) 2 14, 13
4 Determination of Sulfates (IS 3025 Part 24) 2 14, 13
Determination of fluoride (Standard Methods for
5 2 14, 13
examination of Water & Wastewater, APHA)
6 Determination of Optimum Coagulant dosage 2 14, 13
Determination of residual chlorine and available chlorine in
7 bleaching powder (IS 3025 Part 25 2 14, 13
and 26)
8 Determination of Oil, and Grease (IS 3025 Part 39) 2 14, 13
Determination of suspended, settleable, volatile and fixed
9 2 14, 13
solids (IS 3025 Part 15, 17, 18, and 19)
Determination Dissolved Oxygen and BOD for the given
10 2 14, 13
sample (IS 3025 Part 38 and 44)
11 Determination of COD for given sample (IS 3025 Part 58) 2 14, 13
Determination of SVI of Biological sludge and microscopic
12 2 14, 13
examination
Determination of MPN index of given water sample (IS
13 2 14, 13
5401 Part 1)
Estimation of Nitrate a in water using UV-Visible
14 2 14, 13
Spectrometer
Combined estimation of anions (Flouride, Chloride,
15 Bromide, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulphate) in water using Ion 2 14, 13
Chromatography
References
1. Standard Methods for examination of Water and Wastewater, APHA, 20th Edition. 2012
Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry.
Text Books:
1. Subramanya. K., (2013) “ Engineering Hydrology” McGraw Hill Education( India ) Pvt. Ltd
2. Santosh Kumar Garg.,(2013) “ Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structres”, Khanna Publishers,
New Delhi
Reference Books:
1. Chow, V.T., Maidment, D.R. and Mays, W.L.,(2010) “Applied Hydrology”, TataMcGraw Hill Education Pvt.
Ltd.
2. Punmia. B. C., Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain and Pande Brij Basi Lal, (2009) “Irrigation and Water
Power Engineering”, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.
3. Mays, L.W.(2010). Water Resources Engineering, John wiley and sons.
4. Asawa. G.L., (2006) “ Irrigation and Water Resources Engineering” New Age International (P) Ltd.
5. Todd D.K. and Larry W. Mays., (2005) ”Groundwater Hydrology", John Wiley & Sons, Inc, New York.
6. A.K. Rastogi, (2011)"Numerical Groundwater Hydrology", Penram International Publishing (india) Pvt. Ltd.
Complied by Prof. M. Umashankar
References Books:
1. Subramanya. K., (2013) “ Engineering Hydrology” McGraw Hill Education( India ) Pvt. Ltd
2. Santosh Kumar Garg.,(2013) “ Irrigation Engineering and Hydraulic Structres”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
3. Punmia. B. C., Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain and Pande Brij Basi Lal, (2009) “Irrigation and Water
Power Engineering”, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd.
Challenging projects for Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
CLE XXX BASICS OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN L, T, P, J,C
Pre-Req: Structural Analysis 2, 1, 2, 0, 4
L
Module Topics SLO
Hrs
Introduction to Limit State method
1 Introduction - Concept of limit state method - Analysis and design of singly and 4 1,2,6
doubly reinforced rectangular and flanged beams.
Design of RC Slabs and Beams
2 4 1,2,6,17
Design of different types of slabs - One way slab - two way slab – T, L, staircase
Design of RC Compression members
3 4 1,2,6,14,17
Design of short column for axial load - uniaxial – Introduction to biaxial bending.
Design of RC Foundation:
4 4 1,2,6,14,17
Design of isolated and combined footing
Steel Sections and Types of Connections
Introduction - properties of Rolled Steel Sections - permissible stress - Riveted and
5 5 1,2,6,14,17
bolted connections – permissible stresses, efficiency - design for axial and
eccentrically loaded members. Design of connections in tension members
Design of Tension and Compression members
Types of sections – Net area – Net effective area of sections in tension –
6 4 1,2,6,14,17
Slenderness ratio – Design of single section and compound section of compression
members. Plate and gandry girders – Flexural members.
Simple and Built-up steel Beams
7 Design of beams - simple and built-up beams - laterally supported and unsupported 3 1,2,6,14,17
beams, concept of shear..
8 Current Technology / Contemporary Issues / Guest Lectures 2 1,2,6,14,17
Total Lecture Hours 30
Mode of Delivery: Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry.
Tutorial
Minimum of 5 Problems to be worked out by Students in Every Tutorial Class
Another 5 Problems per Tutorial Class to be given as Home Work.
Module 1: 2 hrs
Module 2: 2 hrs 15
Module 3: 2 hrs
Module 4: 2 hrs
Module 5: 2 hrs
Module 6: 1 hrs
Module 7: 1 hrs
Text Books:
1. Devadoss Menon and Pillai S., "Reinforced Concrete Design", McGraw Hill Education India Private Limited; 3rd
edition 2009.
2. Subramanian,, N. "Steel Structures - Design and Practice", Oxford University Press, 2011.
Reference Books:
1. Subramanian, N. "Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures", Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2013.
2. Raju N. Krishna, "Reinforced Concrete Design: Principles and Practice", CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi, 2012.
3. Duggal,S.K, Limit State Design of Steel Structures, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2014.
4. IS 456 : 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice.
5. IS 800 : 2007 General Construction in Steel - Code of Practice.
Complied by Prof. T. Meena
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
Challenging projects for Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
CLE XXXX DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES L,T,P,J,C
Pre-Req: BSD 3, 0,2,0,4
Mode of Delivery: For example….Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry.
Text Book:
1. Subramanian, N," Design of Steel structures", Oxford University press, New Delhi, 2008.
Reference Books:
1. Ramchandra .S., Virendra Ghelot, “Design of Steel of Structures”, Volume 1, Scientific Publishers, New Delhi,
2009.
2. Duggal .S.K. “Limit State Design of Steel Structures”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi, 1st
Edition, 2010.
3. BhavikattiS.S., "Design of Steel Structures by Limit State Method as Per IS: 800 - 2007" , I.K.International Pvt
Ltd, 2009.
Complied by Prof. D. Neeraja
Mode of Delivery: Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry.
Text Books
1. Krishna Raju. N., (2014), Pre-stressed Concrete - Problems and Solutions, CBS Publishers and Distributors, Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
Reference Books
1. Praveen Nagarajan, Advanced Concrete Design, Person, 2013
2. P. Dayaratnam, Prestressed Concrete Structures, Oxford & IBH-Pubs Company, Delhi, 5th Edition, 2009
3. IS: 1343: Indian Standard code of practice for Prestressed concrete, BIS, New Delhi.
4. IS: 3370-Indian Standard code of practice for concrete structures for storage of liquids, BIS, New Delhi.
5. Krishna Raju, N. “Prestressed Concrete”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi 2006
Complied by Prof. T. Meena
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
CLE XXX ADVANCED STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS L,T,P,J,C
Pre-Req: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 2,1, 2, 0,3
Modul
Topics L Hrs SLO
e
Approximate methods for gravity loads
1 3 1,2
Substitute frame method for dead load and live loads
Approximate methods for lateral loads
2 3 7,11
Calculation of wind load, portal method - cantilever method - Factor method.
Plastic Analysis
Shape factor - simple sections - rectangular - triangle - circular - flanged sections - Load factor.
3 4 7,11
Plastic moment of resistance - collapse load - analysis of continuous beams and portals -
limiting conditions for applications.
Flexibility method
4 Flexibility - compatibility equation - flexibility influence coefficients - force transformation 5 1,2
matrix - flexibility matrix-analysis of beams & frames (rigid and pin-jointed).
Stiffness method
Direct stiffness method - equivalent joint load - transformation matrix - development of
5 5 1,2,18
structure stiffness matrix for axial element - assembly of structure stiffness matrix from
element stiffness matrix - incorporation of boundary conditions.
Special Issues in Analysis of Structures
6 Thermal and initial strain (temperature change and misfit) - Displacement boundary conditions. 4 1,2,18
L Hrs SLO
Laboratory
1. Analyse a pin jointed static determinate truss
2. Analyse a pin jointed static indeterminate truss
3. Analyse a continuous beam with different types of loading
4. Analyse a portal frame with different type of loading
30 1,4,9,11
5. Verification of portal method assumption and analysis for different bays
6. Verification of cantilever method assumption and analysis for different bays
7. Analysis of a 3 D truss
8. Analysis of a 3D frame
9. Modeling of a simple plan of a structure
CLE XXX SEISMIC DESIGN OF STRUCTURES L, T, P, J, C
Pre-Req: Basic Structural Design 2, 1, 0, 0, 3
Module Topics L Hrs SLO
Seismology and earthquake
Internal structure of the earth - discontinuity and nature of the material - continental
4 1,5,7
1 drift and plate tectonics - Faults - Elastic rebound theory - seismic waves and
characteristics - earthquake size - seismic zoning map of India.
Dynamics of structures
Theory of vibrations - free and forced vibrations - single and multi-degree of freedom 3 1,2,6,7
2 systems - computations of dynamic response to time dependent forces.
Principles of earthquake resistant design
Importance of Earthquake Resistant Design - Seismic Forces - modes of propagation -
Factors influencing seismic vulnerability - Characteristics of earthquake - Earthquake
5 1,5,9,18
3 response of structures - Application of response spectrum theory in seismic design -
Concept of earthquake resistance design - Codal provisions for seismic design of
structures – IS 1893 and IS 4326.
Seismic analysis of moment resisting frames
Seismic design philosophy, determination of design lateral forces as per IS: 1893 -
4 2,7,18
4 equivalent static force and dynamic analysis procedure - Effect of infill stiffness on
analysis of frames - equivalent diagonal strut.
Design of beam column junctions
Elastic and Inelastic deformations of structures - ductility of the composite system -
design of axial and flexural members - beam column junction detailing - strong column 3 1,5,7,18
5
weak beam effects as per IS: 13920.
Design of shear walls
6 Unreinforced and reinforced masonry shear walls - analysis and design of reinforced 4 5,7,12,17
concrete shear walls - Bearings - Friction dampers - Tuned mass dampers.
Design of structures
7 Seismic design of RC structures using - static and dynamic methods - equivalent static, 5 5,7,18
response spectrum and time history methods.
8 Guest Lectures by experts from Industry / Institutional 2
Mode of Delivery: Power point presentations, Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry.
Tutorial (if applicable)
Minimum of 5 Problems to be worked out by Students in Every Tutorial Class
Another 5 Problems per Tutorial Class to be given as Home Work.
Module 1 1
Module 2 1
Module 3 2
Module 4 3
Module 5 2
Module 6 2
Module 7 3
Total 15
Text Books
1. Pankaj Agarwal and Manish Shrikhande, Earthquake resistant design of structures, Prentice-Hall India Pvt Ltd., 2006
2. Duggal, S.K, "Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures", Oxford university press, 2007.
Reference Books
2. Park, R & Paulay, "Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure Elements", John Wiley & sons, 2009.
3. Kramer.S.L, "Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering", Prentice-Hall India Pvt Ltd., 2010.
4. IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, BIS, New Delhi.
5. IS:13920-1993, Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic forces, BIS, New Delhi
Complied by Prof. A. S. Santhi
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
CLE xxxx ADVANCED CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY L, T, P, J, C
Pre-Req: Construction Materials and Techniques 3, 0, 2, 4, 5
Module Topics L Hrs SLO
Concrete Ingredients
ASTM classification of Cement - Manufacturing - Types of cement - Properties of
1 6 1,2,6,14
Cement - Testing of Cement - Fine aggregates and coarse aggregates- Properties and
testing-process of hydration
Properties of Concrete
Selection of materials for concrete - water cement ratio - Properties of fresh concrete
2 - workability - measurement of workability - Admixtures - process of various stages 6 1,6,14
of concrete - Statistical and quality control of concrete.
Mechanical properties of concrete
Strength of concrete - gain of strength with age - testing of hardened concrete -
3 6 1,6,14
Compressive strength -Tensile strength - Flexural strength - modulus of elasticity of
concrete - Stress and Strain characteristics.
Non-destructive techniques
4 Rebound hammer and ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test - Corrosion rebar test. 6 1,6,14
Mix design
5 Concrete mix design - concepts of mix design - variables in proportioning - 6 1, 6,14
Different methods of mix design - Indian Standard method IS 10262.
Durability of concrete
6 Permeability of concrete - Shrinkage-plastic shrinkage - drying shrinkage - 6 1,5,6,11
Chemical attack - Sulpahte attack of concrete structures - chloride attack.
Special concretes
High performance concrete - high strength concrete, high density concrete - light
7 6 11,18
weight concrete - Fibre reinforced concrete - self-compacting concrete - Polymer
concrete.
8 Guest lecture by expert from industry. 3
Total Lecture Hours 45
Mode of Delivery: Power point presentations, Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture
by Experts from Industry.
Text Books
1. Gambir M.L, ConcreteTechnology, Tata MC-Graw Hill-Education, 2013.
2. Shetty M.S., Concrete Technology, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2010
3. Metha P.K, "Concrete: Microstructure, properties and Materials", McGraw-Hill, 2014.
Reference Books
1. Zongjin Li, Advanced Concrete Technolgy, John Wiley & Sons – 2011
2. IS : 12269-1987, Specification for 53 grade ordinary Portland Cement, BIS, New Delhi.
3. IS : 383 – 1970, Specification for Coarse and fine natural sources for Concrete, BIS, New Delhi.
4. IS:10262-2009, Concrete Mix Proportioning - Guidelines.
Complied by Prof. A. Sofi
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
Advanced Concrete Technology Lab
Introduction
1 Different types of problematic soils and their geological formation principles of 3 1,2
treatment-loading.
Treatment of Loose Sands
2 Compaction piles, dynamic compaction, vibroflot technique, controlled blasting 5 2,5,6,
for compaction.
Grouting Techniques
3 Permeation grouting, Compaction technique, jet grouting, different varieties of 4 2,5,6
grout materials, grouting in difficult conditions.
Treatment of Expansive Soils
4 Physical and chemical stabilization injection method, lime-columns. 5 2,5,6,14
Challenging projects for Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
CLExxx HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES AND MACHINERY L T P J C
Pre-Req: FM 2 1 2 0 4
Mode of Delivery: Flipped Class Room, Video Lectures and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry
Text Books:
1. David K Todd and Larry W. Mays (2013), Groundwater Hydrology, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons
Singapore.
Reference Books:
1. Rastogi R K (2011), Applied groundwater hydrology
2. Raghunath H.M. (2012), Groundwater, Second Edition, Wiley Eastern Limited,New Delhi.
Complied by Prof. Pavan Kumar Kummamuru
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
CLEXXX HYDROLOGY L T P J C
Pre-Req: FM 2 0 0 4 3
Introduction
1 Hydrologic cycle, hydrologic system model, Water budget: analysis and 3 2, 9, 11
synthesis, atmospheric circulation.
Precipitation
Formation of precipitation – types of precipitation – Precipitable water –
Precipitation in a cloud system - Rainfall measurement and characteristics
2 4 1, 7, 17
– Estimating missing rainfall data – Rain gauge consistency – Average
annual rainfall – Development of a design storm – probable maximum
precipitation
Watershed Characteristics
3 Watershed definition and delineation - Watershed geomorphology – 3 7
channel geomorphology – travel time estimation
Hydrologic Abstractions
Infiltration: Definition and factors affecting infiltration – Infiltration
Estimation: Horton’s model, Green-Ampt Model, Infiltrometer, SCS
4 4 2, 7
Method. Evaporation and Transpiration: Definition, factors affecting
evaporation, methods for estimation of evaporation – EPT: Definition,
estimation of EPT
Surface Water
Sources of streamflow, streamflow hydrograph and hydrograph
5 5 1, 9
characteristics, excess rainfall and direct runoff, Abstractions: Using
infiltration indices and SCS method – Peak discharge
Unit Hydrograph
Unit hydrograph: Definition, Assumptions and Limitations, UH derivation
6 5 2, 4, 9
and Application, S-Hydrograph, Synthetic UH, UH for different rainfall
durations
Frequency Analysis
7 Return period, extreme value distributions, Frequency analysis using 3 17
frequency factors, Probability plotting – Risk Assessment
Hydrologic Design
Design Storms: Design precipitation depth, IDF curves, Design
8 precipitation hyetographs from IDF curves, Calculation of probable 3 5, 6
maximum precipitation. Design Flows: Simulating design flows, flood
plain analysis, flood forecasting
Total lecture hours 30
Mode of Delivery: For example….Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry.
Text Books:
1. Ven Te Chow, David R Maidment, Larry W. Mays (2010) Applied Hydrology. McGraw Hill International
Editions
2. Richard H McCuen (2007) Hydrologic Analysis and Design. 2nd Edn. Prentice Hall
Reference Books:
1. Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, S.K. Garg, JBA publishers, 2015
2. Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, K.C. Patra, JBA publishers, 2nd Edition 2008
Complied by Prof. P. Jagadeesh
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
Challenging projects for Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
CLEXXX TRAFFIC ENGINEERING L T P J C
Pre-Req –TE 2 0 0 4 3
Modules
TOPICS L hrs SLO
Basic Concept of Traffic Characteristics
Parameters used to describe a traffic stream – Macroscopic and microscopic
1 4 2,4,7
level - Flow, Speed, Density – Time headway, Time mean speed, Space
headway - Their basic relationship – Fundamental traffic flow equation
Traffic Stream Models
2 Introduction to traffic stream models – Greenshield’s, Greenberg, Underwood, 4 9,10,14
Northwestern models – Application of traffic stream models – Shock waves
Traffic Studies
Traffic studies – Volume, speed, density, time headway, space headway, travel
3 4 9,7,17
time and parking – Methods of data collection – Statistical analysis –
Application of Poisson model – Gap acceptance studies – Queueing models
Highway capacity and Level of service
Basic definitions related to capacity – Level of service (LOS) concept – Factors
4 4 3,5,9,17
affecting capacity and LOS – Computation of capacity and LOS for 2-lane
highways – Multilane highways – Freeways – IRC guidelines
Traffic Signals
5 Traffic signals – Warrants for signalization – Design of traffic signal by Webster 4 1,6,12
method – Signal coordination and area traffic control – IRC guidelines
Traffic Regulations and Management
Introduction to Transportation System Management (TSM) - Measures for
improving vehicular flow – one way streets, transit stop relocation, parking
6 4 9,17,20
management, reversible lanes - Reducing Peak Period Traffic - Strategies for
working hours - Congestion Pricing - Traffic signs and roadway markings -
Types, specification
Roadway Safety
Purpose of accident studies - Accident data collection – Identification of
7 accident hot spots - Use of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Geographic 4 5,9,20
Information Systems (GIS) – Causative factors of road accidents - Predictive
models - Road Safety Auditing - Measures to increase Road safety.
Recent trends in Traffic engineering
Application of advanced technologies in traffic data collection – Intelligent
8 2 11,18,20
Transportation Systems (ITS) – Components of ITS - Simulation concepts –
Overview of software packages for simulation.
Total lecture hours 30
Flipped Class Room, Visit to field and study the ongoing projects, Minimum of 2 lectures by industry experts, digital
assignments
Text Books:
1. Fred L. Mannering, Scott S. Washburn, Walter P. Kilareski (2012) “Principles of Highway Engineering and
Traffic Analysis”, John Wiley & Sons.
Reference Books:
1. Nicholas Garber, Lester A. Hoel (2009), “Traffic and Highway Engineering”, Cengage Learning.
2. L.R.Kadiyali, N.B.Lal (2008) “Traffic Engineering and Transport Planning”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi,
India.
3. Michael Dalgleish , Neil Hoose (2008), “Highway Traffic Monitoring and Data Quality”, Artech House
Publishers.
Complied by Prof. S. Vasantha Kumar & Prof. Saladi Subbarao
Challenging projects for Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
XXX TRANSPORT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT L T P J C
Pre-Req –TE 2 0 0 4 3
Modules TOPICS L hrs SLO
Transport Planning Process
Scope – Urban transportation systems - Systems approach to
1 6 2,3,8,9
transportation planning – Long term vs Short term – Simultaneous vs
sequential approaches – Aggregare vs disaggregate approaches.
Transportation Planning Surveys
Transport survey – definition of study area and traffic zones – External
2 cordon line – Sample size – Home interview survey and cordon line 3 5,10,11,12
surveys - inventory of existing transport facilities, land use and economic
activities.
Trip Generation
3 Factors governing trip generation: physcial, social and economic – 4 7,9,14
multiple regression analysis – category analysis
Trip Distribution
4 Presentation of Trip distribution data – PA matrix to OD matrix - Growth 4 7,9,14
factor methods - Gravity model and its calibration – opportunities model.
Modal Split Analysis
5 Factors influencing mode choice – Modal split models – Trip end and trip 4 7,14,18
interchange – Disaggregate mode choice models - Discrete choice models
Traffic Assignment
Traffic assignment – general principles – description of highway network
6 4 2,9,17,18
– Moore’s shortest path algorithm - assignment techniques – all nothing
assignment – capacity restrained assignment – diversion curves
Transport Economics
7 Economic evaluation techniques – Benefit cost ratio, NPV method, IRR 3 1,7,9
method – Comparison – Examples
Advances in Transportation Planning
Land use transport models – GIS applications in transport planning - Case
8 2 10,17,18
studies of state of the art transport planning projects in India –
Introduction to computer packages used in transportation planning.
Total lecture hours 30
Flipped Class Room, Visit to field and study the ongoing projects, Minimum of 2 lectures by industry experts,
digital assignments
Text BookS:
1. Hutchinson, B.G. (1974), Principles of Urban Transportation System Planning, McGraw Hill
2. L.R. Kadiyali (2013), Traffic Engineering and Transport planning, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Public Transport Planning and Management in Developing Countries by Ashish Verma , T.V. Ramanayya ,
1st Edition 2014, CRC Press
2. Bruton, M. J. (2010), An Introduction to Transportation Planning (The Living Environment), UCL Press,
London, UK
3. C.J. Khisty and B. Kent Lall (2007), Transportation Engineering, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
4. Bruton, M. J., An Introduction to Transportation Planning (The Living Environment), UCL Press, London,
UK, 2000
Complied by Prof. S. Vasantha Kumar
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
Challenging projects for Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
CLEXXX INDUSTRIAL WASTES TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL L T P J C
Pre-Req: EE 2 0 0 4 3
Challenging projects for Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
CLEXXX L, T, P, J, C
Pre-requsite: EE POLLUTION CONTROL AND MONITORING 2, 0, 0, 4, 3
Modules TOPICS L hrs SLO
Pollution: An overview
1 Pollution control regulations of India: water, air, noise, solid and hazardous waste- 4 2,6, 10
Agencies involved and structure of implementation.
Water Pollution
Natural process of self- purification in water- BOD consideration in streams –
2 4 1, 2,10
Oxygen Sag Curve- pollution due to industrial, agricultural and municipal wastes-
need of water pollution control.
DWWT & ZLD
3 Concept of decentralized wastewater treatment (DWWT) and reuse. 1,2,9
3
Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) from industries and recycle.
Air Quality Control
4 Air quality criteria and standards- Elements of regulatory and non-regulatory 1,2,9
4
control-Strategies-Indoor air quality.
Noise Pollution
5 Environmental community noise- Measures for prevention and control of noise – 2,10
4
Industrial noise and control -Noise measurement and mapping-
Municipal Solid Waste Management
6 Source characteristics – quantities – collection methods and disposal techniques – 2,9,10
4
sanitary landfill – incineration – and pyrolysis, composting- recycling and reuse.
Environmental Sanitation
7 Personal Hygiene and Sanitary Food Handling-Rural and urban sanitation- 4 2,9,11
Traditional and modern methods.
Wastewater collection from various sources and its characterization and design the appropriate
water pollution control units.
Study the water pollution status of India/states and identify the sources of pollution and
suggest the appropriate water pollution control measures.
Analyse the loop holes in pollution control legalisation in successful implementation and
suggest the modifications
Studies and report preparation of DWWT practiced in VIT
Studies and report preparation of ZLD practiced in an industry
Ambient air quality monitoring of a selected site
Development of air quality index of a selected town/city
Studies and report preparation of air pollution control an industry
Studies and report preparation of noise pollution control in an industry
Studies and report preparation of noise pollution control in National Highways
Studies and report preparation of solid waste management practiced in VIT
Collection waste generation and characteristics data of a town/city and design an appropriate
solid waste management system
Study the sanitation system followed in the mess of VIT and suggest the improvements
Study the sanitation system followed in the university campus and suggest the improvements
Any other relevant topic
Text Books:
1. Peavy, H.S., Rowe,D.R and George Tcnobanoglous (2010), Environmental Engineering, Mc-Graw Hill company,
New Delhi.
2. Rao C. S. (2007), Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
Reference Books:
1. Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Control, S.M. Khopkar, New age International (P) Ltd publishers, 2008
2. Environmental Pollution and Control, P.R.Trivedi, JBA publishers 2008
3. Environmental Pollution and Control in Chemical Process Industries, S.C.Bhatia, JBA publishers 2nd Edition,
Reprint 2014
Complied by Prof. P. C. Sabumon & Prof. S. Shantha Kumar
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
CLEXXX SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT L T P JC
Pre-Req: EE 2 0 0 4 3
Module Topics L hours SLOT
Municipal Solid Waste Management: An Overview
Definition of solid waste –major legislation, monitoring responsibilities, Effects of
improper disposal of solid wastes – public health effects
Sources and types of solid waste – sampling and characterization – Determination
1 6 2, 6, 9
of composition of MSW – storage and handling of solid waste.
Collection and Transport of Solid Waste: Waste collection systems– alternative
techniques for collection system. Need for transfer operation, transport means and
methods.
Municipal solid waste treatment: Materials Recovery
2 Unit operations for separation and processing, Materials Recovery facilities on 4 1,2,9
site/off site, Composting process
Municipal Solid waste treatment: Energy Recovery
3 Anaerobic digestion, RDF and Incineration and co-generation of energy using 3 1,2,9
waste, Pyrolysis of solid waste
Disposal of municipal Solid wastes
4 Dumping of solid waste; sanitary landfills – site selection, design and operation of 5 9,10
sanitary landfills – Leachate collection & treatment
Recyclable solid waste materials for civil engineering applications:
5 3 2, 9, 17
Construction debris, fly ash, gypsum, red mud, blast furnace slag; e- waste etc.
Principles of solid and Hazardous waste management
Principles of solid waste management, Definition and identification of hazardous
6 2 2,10
wastes, cradle to grave management concept, Prevailing laws of in hazardous
waste management. Risk assessment.
Treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes (Biomedical waste, Industrial
and nuclear waste)
7 5 1,2,10
Disinfection, autoclaving, incineration, Stabilization, Solidification, air stripping,
oxidation, bioremediation and any other appropriate techniques
8 Application of softwares in solid waste management 2
Total Lecture Hours 30
Video lectures, industrial visits and minimum 3 numbers of guest lectures
Sample syllabus with J component (minimum of 60 hours of work by a group of students)
List of sample project topics
Collection and characterization of solid and hazardous waste
Devise appropriate treatment options based ON varying characteristics
Route optimization studies for collection of solid waste
Economic appraisal of a selected waste management scheme
Text Books:
1. Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, CPHEEO, Ministry of Urban Development, Government of
India, New Delhi, 2000
2. George Techobanoglous et al, " Integrated Solid Waste Management ", McGraw Hill Publication, Latest edition.
2010
3. Charles A. Wentz; " Hazardous Waste Management ", McGraw Hill Publication, Latest publication.
Reference Books:
1. Handbook of Solid Waste Management by Frank Kreith , George Tchobanoglous , McGraw Hill Publication
2. Bagchi, A., Design, Construction, and Monitoring of Landfills, (2nd Ed). Wiley Interscience, ISBN:
0 471 30681 9.
Complied by Prof. P. C. Sabumon & Prof. Srimuruganandam
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
CLEXX ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLANNING L,T,P,J,C
Pre-Req: BUILDING DRAWING 2, 0, 0,4,3
Module Topics L Hrs SLO
Basics of Architecture
Principles of architectural composition – unity, balance, proportion, scale, contrast,
harmony, accentuation, restraint, definition, repose, vitality, strength - with the help of
illustrations of buildings,
1 Organizing principles of architectural composition – symmetry, hierarchy, datum, axis, 6 2
rhythm – different types of spatial organizations of masses – linear, centralized, radial,
clustered, grid organization – illustrations of buildings.
Use of different materials - Styles in architecture - Anthropometrics , furniture layout -
circulation - lighting and ventilation for spaces
Skills for an Architectural Understanding
Various Drawing Skills - Visualization Skills - Model Making skills - Thinking &
2 2 2
Analytical Skills - Empathy - Philosophical Understanding from Idea to Form -
Psycologoical and Social Understanding
Architecture in Timeline
Understanding the construction methods and materials through study of Egyptian, Greek,
3 5 5
Roman, European, Indian Architectural History - Modern Architecture - Contemporary
Architectural Practice
Interior Design
4 Interior Planning and treatment – Use of natural and synthetic building materials – Thermal 2 2
and Accoustical materials – Furniture and Fittings.
Human Settlements
5 Planned and organic - typologies of cities like Capital, Port, Rural etc- Elements of human 3 5
settlements -
Town Planning Principles
Planning ideologies – Importance of Climate topography, drainage and water supply in the
6 4 5
selection of site for the development – Residential – Commercial – Industrial – Public –
Transportation, Utility and services – Agriculture.
Smart Cities - Opportunities And Challenges
7 4 5
Indian scenario - need for smart cities - Issues and Opportunities. Green Building.
Emerging Trends in Architecture And Town Planning
8 BioMimicry in Architecture - Current Trends and Practices - Geo-spatial Technologies for 4 5,10
Urban Planning - climatechange - carbob-zero cities
Total Lecture Hours 30
Mode of Delivery: Lectures orienting towards Analysis and Understanding, Youtube Video examples and Guest Lecture by
Experts from Industry.
Text Book:
1. De Charia & Callender (2012), Architecture, Mc. Graw Hill.
Reference Books:
1. Gallion (2010), Urban pattern City planning and design, Charotar Publishing House.
2. Modak & Ambedkar (2001), Town and Country Planning and Housing.
Complied by Prof. Suresh Babu
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
1. Design of a Restaurant / any other medium sized project that calls for both interior and exterior design up to
500-800 sq. mts of built-up area.
2. Intervene with Architecture / Townplanning solution to a localised social or urban Issue.
3. Green Ideation projects ( part of ASCE symposium conducted every year)
4. Architectural projects that carry more structural design emphasis.
5. Smart City (intervention) solutions Projects
CLE XXX ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT L,T,P,J,C
Pre-Req: Environmental Studies 2, 0, 0,4,3
Module Topics L Hrs SLO
Challenging projects for an Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
CLE XXX GIS AND REMOTE SENSING L,T,P,J,C
Pre-Req: SY 2, 0, 2,0,3
Mode of Delivery: Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry and Research Centers.
Text Books
1. Basudeb Bhatta (2012), Remote Sensing and GIS, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, Second Edition.
Reference Books
1. Thomos Lillesand, Ralph W. Kiefer and Jonathan Chripman (2015), Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, Wiley
Publisher, 7th Edition.
2. Peter A. Burrough, Rachael A. McDonnell and Christopher D. Lloyd (2015), Oxford University Press, 3rd Edition
3. Kang-tsung Chang (2015), Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, McGraw-Hill Education; 8th Edition
4. G S Srivastava (2014), An Introduction to Geoinformatics, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited.
5. Paul Wolf, Bon DeWitt and Benjamin Wilkinson (2014), Elements of Photogrammetry with Application in GIS,
McGraw-Hill Education; 4th Edition
Complied by Prof. P. Porchelvan & Prof. Venkata Ravi Babu Mandla
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
Laboratory Exercises L Hr
1. Image Registration (Image to Image, Image to Map).
2. Image Subset / Clipping.
3. Spectral Signature of various land features.
4. Image Classification from satellite data sets.
5. Landuse and landcover Analysis.
6. Importing scanned and image file to GIS platform.
7. Digitization, attribute assigning, Raster to Vector formats. 30
8. Creating Thematic Layers/ Maps.
9. Spatial Analysis (Overlay, Buffering etc.).
10. DEM/DTM generation.
11. Extraction of Topographic parameters (slope, aspects, drainage etc.,) includes map creation.
12. Open Source data access.
CLEXXX NATURAL DISASTER MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT L,T,P,J,C
Pre-Req: NIL 3, 0, 0, 0,3
Module Topics L Hrs SLO
Introduction- Natural Disasters around the world- Natural Disaster Risk Assessment-
1 Earth and its characteristics – Environmental Change and Degradation - Climate 6 1,2,5,6
Change - Global warming – Human Dimensions of Global environment Change
Disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery- comprehensive emergency
management Early warning systems and Disaster Preparedness– Rehabilitation,
2 7 1,2,9,10
Vulnerable Populations -
Logistics and Services, Food, Nutrition and Shelter -Role of UN Red cross and NGOs.
Introduction and Review - Natural Disasters -Principles, Elements, and Systems -
3 Geological- Geomorphological, aspects, - Earthquake-Geology, Seismology, 5 1,2,,4,5
Characteristics and dimensions–
Landslides- Human impact on the mountainous terrain and its relationship with
4 Rainfall, liquefaction etc- Tsunami - Nature and characteristics - Monitoring 3 1,2,5,6
landslides- Landslide Early warning System
Oceanic, Atmospheric and Hydrologic cycles - Severe Weather & Tornadoes ,
Cyclones, Floods and Droughts - Global Patterns - - Mitigation & Preparation –
5 6 1,2,15,18
Drought – Famine- nature and dimensions – Drought Assessment
and Monitoring.
Mapping - Modelling, risk analysis and loss estimation – Natural disaster risk analysis
- prevention and mitigation - Applications of Space Technology (Satellite
6 Communications, GPS, GIS and Remote Sensing and Information / 8 5,6, 12,18
Communication Technologies ( ICT ) in Early warning Systems - Disaster Monitoring
and Support Centre– Information Dissemination – Mobile Communications etc.
Community and Social organizations – Community based disaster management -
Psychological effects after disasters - Socio Psycho care- managing Stress - Education
7 and Training – Establishment of capacity building among various stake holders – 7 1,6,15,18
Government - Educational institutions – Use of Multi-media knowledge products for
self education.
8 Invited Talk - Special Lectures - Activity by Experts - Mock Exercise 3
Challenging projects for Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
CLE XXXX FINITE ELEMENT METHODS L,T,P,J,C
Pre-Req. : Structural Analysis 2, 1,0,0,3
Module Topics L Hrs SLO
Introduction
1. Concepts of finite element methods - Steps involved - merits and demerits - Energy 4 1, 2,9
principles - Discretization.
Principles of Elasticity
2. Equations of equilibrium - Stress equations - Stress - strain relationship - Strain - 4 1,2,9
displacement matrix - Plane stress and plane strain conditions.
Theory of Finite Element methods
3. Concept of an element - Various element shapes - Displacement models - Approximation 4 1,11,12
displacements by polynomials - Convergence requirements - Shape functions.
One dimensional FEM
4. 4 1,11,18
Stiffness matrix for bar and beam element - one dimensional problems.
Two dimensional FEM
5. Minimization of band width - Analysis of two dimensional framed structures (trusses, 4 1,11,12,18
frames) for loads and displacements.
Natural coordinate system
6. Area and volume coordinates - Lagranges’s and serendipity elements - Numerical 4 1,11,17,18
integration techniques.
Isoparametric formulation
7. Concepts of isoparametric formulation - Iso parametric Bar element - Plane bilinear 4 1,11,12,17,18
isoparametric element.
8. Guest lectures, Seminars. 2 1,11,12,18
Total Lecture Hours 30
Mode of Delivery: Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry.
Tutorial
Minimum of 5 Problems to be worked out by Students in Every Tutorial Class
Another 5 Problems per Tutorial Class to be given as Home Work.
Module 1 2
Module 2 2
Module 3 2
Module 4 2
Module 5 3
Module 6 1
Module 7 2
Total 15
Text Book:
1. Krishnamoorthy, C.S, "Finite Element Analysis", Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 2002
Reference Books:
1. Cook R.D., Malkas D.S. & Plesha M.E, "Concepts and applications of Finite element analysis", John Wiley & Sons.,
2001.
2. Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla and Ashok D. Belugundu, Introdution to Finite Elements in Engineering, Prentice Hall, 2011.
3. Zeinkeiwich O.C., "The finite element method in Engineering Science", Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003
4. Seshu, P., Textbook of finite element analysis, Prentice-Hall of India, 2006
5. Reddy, J. N., Introduction to the finite element method, Tata McGraw Hill Education, 2006
6. Mukhopadhyay, M., & Sheikh, A. H., Matrix and finite element analyses of structures, Ane Books, 2011
7. Larson, M. G., Finite element method: theory, implementation, and applications, Springer, 2013
8. Hartmann, F., Structural analysis with finite elements (2nd ed.), Springer, 2007
9. Desai, Y., Finite element method with applications in engineering, Dorling Kindersley, 2011
10. Reddy, "Finite Element Methods", Tata McGraw Hill Co., 2002.
Complied by Prof. D. Neeraja
Recommended by BoS on 04.03.16
Approved by Academic Council on 18.03.16
CLEXXX ENGINEERING GEOLOGY L,T,P,J,C
Pre-Req: Construction materials and techniques 2, 0, 0,4, 3
Rock decay and weathering, soil origin and formation – classification and its
3 3 1,4
engineering importance, slope stability
Mode of Delivery: Video Lectures, Industrial Visits and Guest Lecture by Experts from Industry and Research Centers.
Text Books
1. Parbin Singh,(2010), Engineering & General Geology, S.K.Kataria and Sons- Delhi, 8th Edition
Reference Books
1. Garg,S.K., Physical and Engineering Geology, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2010
2. Dimitri, P. Krynine and William, P. Judd, Principles of Engineering Geology and Geomechanics, CBS Publishers and
Distributors, New Delhi, 2005
3. Garg. S.K. (2004), Physical and Engineering Geology, Khanna Publishers. – Delhi
4. Blyth – Edward Arnold F.G.H (1998), A Geology for Engineers, (7th Edition)
5. H.H.Reed and F. Rutly (1960), Elements of Mineralogy, Thomas Murby, London.
6. G.W.Tyrrell (1978), The Principles of petrology, Asia Publishing House, Bombay
7. M.P.Billings (1972), Structural Geology, Prentice Hall, Eaglewood Cliffs
8. David. K. Todd John Wily & Sons Inc, Ground Water Hydrology (2005), 3rd Edition, New York.
Challenging projects for Individual or a group will be given based on the basic and advancements in the course
content.
CLEXXX ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS FINANCE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS L T P JC
Pre-Req: Construction Materials and Techniques 3 0 0 0 3
Module Topics L hours SLO
Introduction
1 The Scope and Method of Managerial economics - Fundamental Economics concepts - 5 2, 12, 15
Managerial Economics with other subjects - Objectives of the Firm.
Demand and Supply Analysis
Meaning, Types and Determinants - Demand estimation - Demand elasticities for
2 decision making - Business and Economic forecasting : Qualitative and Quantitative 5 2, 12, 18
methods - Supply analysis: Meaning, elasticities and determinants - Market
equilibrium and price determination
Production Economics
Production and Production function - Types - Estimation - Returns to Scale -
3 5 2, 12, 15
Economies and Dis-economies of Scale and Economies of Scope.
Factor Inputs - Input-Output Analysis
Market Structure
4 Perfect Competition - Imperfect Competition: Monopoly - Monopolistic - 6 2, 9, 12
Oligopolistic Strategy, Cartels, Cournot, Kinked Demand and Price Leadership.
Pricing Structure
Oligopolistic Rivalry \& Theory of Games - Measurement of economic concentration -
5 Policy against monopoly and restrictive trade practices - Competition Law - Pricing 6 2, 12,
Practices : Objectives - Determinants - Pricing Methods - Government Policies and
Pricing
Introduction to Macroeconomics
Circular Flow of Income and Expenditures - Components of National Income and its
6 significance - Measuring Gross Domestic Product (GDP) - Inflation and Business 6 2, 6, 12
Cycles - Government Fiscal and Monetary Policy - Balance of payments - Foreign
exchange markets
Macroeconomics Model
7 Classical Model - Keynesian Cross Model - Investment Theory - Hybrid Model - IS- 6 1, 2, 12
LM-BP Model
Computer Application in Economics
8 Foundation of Computing - Data Analysis - Data Cleaning - Data Clustering and 6 2, 12, 17
Validation - Database Management - Open Source Software - Case Study
Total Lecture Hours 45
Mode:
Flipped Class Room, Use of computer models to lecture, Industrial Visits, Min of 2 lectures by industry experts, assignments via
electronic submissions.
Text Books:
1. Bose, D. C., “Fundamentals of Financial management”, 2nd ed., PHI, New Delhi, 2010.
2. Peterson, S. J., “Construction Accounting and Financial Management”, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey, 2005.
Reference Books
2. Harris, F. , McCaffer, R. and Edum-Fotwe, F., “Modern Construction Management”, 6th ed., Blackwell Publishing,
2006.
3. Jha, K. N., “Construction Project Management, Theory and Practice”, Pearson, New Delhi, 2011.
4. Newnan, D. G., Eschenbach, T. G. and Lavelle, J. P., “Engineering Economic Analysis”, Indian Edition, Oxford
University Press, 2010.
5. Peurifoy, R. L. and Oberlender, G. D., “Estimating Construction Costs”, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2004
Complied by Prof. M. P. Saravanakumar & Prof. A. Arunkumar