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    Ilmul Balagha Notes-Dars 12

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    Ismael Rahim
    The document discusses the rhetorical science of balaghah. It begins by defining rhetoric as the art of reaching perfection in style and context of composition. It notes that balaghah focuses on context and eloquence, while nahw focuses on grammar. The main branches of balaghah discussed are bayan, badi', and ma'ani. Bayan teaches removing unnecessary complexity in expression. Examples of similes used in balaghah are then provided, including tamyiz al-tamthil (collective simile), mufrid/ghair mutaththil (individual simile), and tashbih al-dhimni (implied simile). Key terms like mashbuh,

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    Ilmul Balagha Notes-Dars 12

    Uploaded by

    Ismael Rahim
    2K views11 pages
    The document discusses the rhetorical science of balaghah. It begins by defining rhetoric as the art of reaching perfection in style and context of composition. It notes that balaghah focuses on context and eloquence, while nahw focuses on grammar. The main branches of balaghah discussed are bayan, badi', and ma'ani. Bayan teaches removing unnecessary complexity in expression. Examples of similes used in balaghah are then provided, including tamyiz al-tamthil (collective simile), mufrid/ghair mutaththil (individual simile), and tashbih al-dhimni (implied simile). Key terms like mashbuh,

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    Ilmul Balagha Notes-dars 12

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    Ilmul Balagha Notes-dars 12

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    The document discusses the rhetorical science of balaghah. It begins by defining rhetoric as the art of reaching perfection in style and context of composition. It notes that balaghah focuses on context and eloquence, while nahw focuses on grammar. The main branches of balaghah discussed are bayan, badi', and ma'ani. Bayan teaches removing unnecessary complexity in expression. Examples of similes used in balaghah are then provided, including tamyiz al-tamthil (collective simile), mufrid/ghair mutaththil (individual simile), and tashbih al-dhimni (implied simile). Key terms like mashbuh,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views11 pages

    Ilmul Balagha Notes-Dars 12

    Uploaded by

    Ismael Rahim
    The document discusses the rhetorical science of balaghah. It begins by defining rhetoric as the art of reaching perfection in style and context of composition. It notes that balaghah focuses on context and eloquence, while nahw focuses on grammar. The main branches of balaghah discussed are bayan, badi', and ma'ani. Bayan teaches removing unnecessary complexity in expression. Examples of similes used in balaghah are then provided, including tamyiz al-tamthil (collective simile), mufrid/ghair mutaththil (individual simile), and tashbih al-dhimni (implied simile). Key terms like mashbuh,

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    Some of the key takeaways are that rhetoric is the art of speaking or writing effectively, and focuses on the context and eloquence of language usage. Some early scholars who contributed to the study of rhetoric are also mentioned.

    The main branches of rhetoric are expression of meaning in different styles (bayān), clarification (bayān), and rhetoric itself.

    A simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two different things, usually by using the words 'like' or 'as'. It highlights the resemblance between the two.

    Clear rhetoric

    Notes ‫املالحظات‬
    +
    Early scholars of Ilm ul Balaagha

    Abdul Qaahir Jurjaani


    Shafie school, 400-471AH

    Ibn al-Mu’tazz Author


    Kitāb-al-badī’ 249-296 AH

    Abu Hilāl Al-‘Askari


    D.395 AH Author Kitab
    Sina'atayn
    As-Sakaaki 554-262 AH
    Miftaah ul Uloom
    Mahmud al-Zamakhshari
    Author of Kashaaf which was Khateeb al Qazwini
    improved by Imam an-Nasafi Author of Talkhees ul
    Tafseer Madaarik al-Tanzeel Miftaah which was
    commented on by Allamah
    Sa’d ud din At Taftaazani in
    Mukhtasar al Ma'ani and is
    still studies in madaaris
    today
    ‫علم البالغة‬
    Rhetoric
    Definition Literal meaning Etymological (technical)
    meaning

    ‫البالغة‬ Rhetoric = The art of Lit. “to reach, to attain, to The art of reaching the
    speaking or writing arrive at or to get to utmost perfection in the style
    effectively and context of a composition

    •  In ‫( علم النحو‬Grammar) the focus is on correct use of grammar, whereas ‫علم البالغة‬
    focuses on the context and eloquence of language usage.
    •  The practical application of ‫ البالغة‬is called ‫األدب‬ ‫ علم‬One of the key texts of
    adab is Maqaamat al Hareeri – gatherings of Imam Al Hareeri, a master in
    balaagha who wrote eloquently about the escapades of Abu Zaid as
    Saroojee. Another example are the 10 Mu’alaqaat which hung in the Ka’bah.
    •  The Qur’ān was revealed in a magnificent rhetorical style and played a
    significant role in the evolution of ‫علم البالغة‬.

    “ The most worthy of knowledge to undertake and the best of it to be


    preserved after realisation of Allah – Suhbhanahu wa Ta’ala -is the
    study of al- Balāghah and knowledge of faşāhah through which the
    inimitability of the Book of Allah, the most exalted is affirmed.
    Abū Hilāl ‘al Askarī (1320)
    ”
    ‫علم البالغة‬ ‫علم البيان‬
    Main branches
    Expression of
    meaning in
    different styles and
    literally means “to
    make clear”

    ‫علم البَدِيع‬ ‫علم املعاني‬


    ‫علم البيان‬ Teaches us how to do away with unnecessary
    complication in our expression.

    •  It comprises of 5 topics starting with ‫التَشبِيه‬


    ِ‫املُشَبَّه بِه‬
    ‫املُشَبَّه‬ The object or
    •  In English this may be
    liked to a simile which is
    a word that compares
    The object or thing thing to which words in a sentence. You
    being compared comparison is can usually tell if a simile
    being made is present in a sentence
    ‫التَشبِيه‬ when you see the words
    as or like e.g. The
    usually thunder was as loud as
    contains 4
    parts fireworks

    ‫وَجهُ الشَّبه‬ ‫آداة التشَبيه‬ •  A metaphor differs from


    The particle / tool a simile as it does not
    The feature of of comparison: use a tool of simile such
    comparison which as “like” e.g. The sun was
    can use ‫ في‬/‫ متَيِيز‬/ ‫حَال‬ ّ‫ كأَن‬، ‫ ضَاهِى‬، ‫ مِثل‬، َ‫ك‬ a furnace
    ‫أمثلة‬

    ‫املُشَبَّه آداة املُشَبَّه بِهِ وَجهُ الشَّبه‬


    ‫‪ are‬املُشَبَّه به ‪ and‬املُشَبَّه ‪NOTE:‬‬ ‫التشَبيه‬
    ‫طرفي التشبيه ‪also known as‬‬

    ‫وَجهُ الشَّبه‬ ‫املُشَبَّه بِهِ‬ ‫آداة‬


    ‫التشَبيه‬
    ‫أقسام التشبيه‬
    ‫وَجهُ الشَّبه املُفَصَّل‬ ‫املُرسَل‬
    ‫‪With‬‬ ‫‪With‬‬
    ‫آداة‬

    ‫اجملُمَل‬ ‫‪Without‬‬
    ‫‪both‬‬

    ‫التشبيه‬ ‫املُؤَكَّد‬
    ‫‪Without‬‬ ‫البليغ‬ ‫‪Without‬‬
    ‫وَجهُ الشَّبه‬ ‫آداة‬

    ‫} مُرسَل مُجمَل {‬ ‫} مُؤكد مُفصل {‬


    ‫‪+‬‬

    ‫الدرس الثاني‬
    ‫تشبيه التمثيل‬
    This is a simile where the aspect of resemblance
    is a vivid, sometimes abstract, collective picture without
    comparing its individual components
    not stating they are donkeys but like those who don’t appreciate what they carry

    “ The example of those who were entrusted with the Torah and then did not take it on
    is like that of a donkey who carries volumes [of books] ” [Surat Al-Jumu`ah 62:5]

    This is different to comparing individual things through a simile e.g.

    The thief is compared to the night and this is termed ‫ مفرد‬/ ‫غير متثيل‬
    ‫ أمثلة‬: ‫تشبيه التمثيل‬

    Like the eagle which spreads its wings Both sides of the army shake around you

    NOTE: This is the ‫ و‬of ‫رُب‬


    meaning sometimes / how often

    … on me with many kinds of worry Sometimes the night is like the sea
    to test me letting down its curtains…
    ‫التشبيه الضمني‬
    This is a simile where the aspect of resemblance
    is implied and used as proof to evidence a point

    Just as the flood is a torrent from a high It is not considered far-fetched that the
    place generous one lacks wealth

    Like the blossom found on the freshly Sometimes the youth get white hair and
    wet branch it is not strange

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