EGG DROPPING EXPIREMENT

Donna Mae Laurente

Jon Melkesidek Estrella

University of Southeastern Philippines

Tagum-Mabini Campus

Background of the Study

Philippines are located in Southeast Asia in the Western Pacific with tropical land

with a “tropical rainforest climate” rich with biodiversity and mountainous terrain.

However, Philippines are also centered of calamity due to the typhoons that constantly

entered the Philippines Area of Responsibility (PAR). Typhoons can hit the Philippines

any time of year, with the months of June to September being the most active, with August

being the most active individual month and May the least active. Typhoons move east to

west across the country, heading north as they go. Storms most frequently make landfall

on the islands of EasternVisayas, Bicolregion, and northern Luzon, whereas the southern

island and region of Mindanao is largely free of typhoons.

The government created a foundation of different research and study in creating

an innovation with related to technology to help analyze the climate conditions and also
in creating an efficient and safe way to deliver goods in those places hit by a certain

disaster, like typhoons, an efficient low cost technology that can deliver the goods safely

in its destination. (Mann and Minges, 2012).

The purpose of this study is to create an egg drop experiment, this experiment will

represent as the goods, and this study will also help to analyze the concept of gravity,

force and acceleration. The general idea is to design a prototype that will allow an egg to

safely fall from varying heights without breaking. Often, one of the goals is to try and use

the least amount of material as possible.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to help the society especially the localities to send goods during

and after the calamities such as typhoons, landslide, earthquakes and other natural

disasters that may happened to the remote areas and places that are difficult to reach

whenever the calamities happen. The ultimate priority is to be able to anticipate needs. And

the potential shape of the container to play role for protecting the egg inside the prototype.

In response to this problem, our study proposes to design accurate shapes of container

for sending goods with cheap amount of materials needed. We plan to carry out an all-inclusive

design that may found in the surrounding to lessen the cost for making this design. This is

why the government makes it a point to preposition goods, equipment, and even personnel:

because ideally, relief and rescue should not have to travel great distances; they should

already be in the areas predicted to be in the path of natural disasters.

(1.)How does the design of the container affect the egg?

(2.)Will the shape of the container does affect the capacity of the loads that affects

to the egg to survive after falling the prototype by 25ft?

(3.)What are the factors that can be consider in doing this experiment? Did the

characteristic of the materials and its compressions did play great role in

protecting the egg from breaking?

Hypothesis

If an egg is dropped from a height of 25 ft. and the egg shell must not crack, then the

materials used must be effective to cover the egg from cracking from outside forces acting

on it.

Did the coir-fiber is effective enough as a shockproof to cover the egg from cracking

after falling?

If the shape and loads of our prototype manipulate the time and the mass during the trials

and testing affects upon falling on it the building.

Variables:
Independent Variable: The material used to protect the egg which the coir-fiber as

shockproof cover on the egg.

Dependent Variable: The condition of the egg after it is dropped.

Control Variable: The Prototype, the type of the materials has been used and the loads

of the prototype

Significance of the study

This study contributed to the body of knowledge by conveying new strategy with

regards the significance of this experiment design that helps the localities, environment

and the future researchers in sending goods towards the remote areas during and after

the calamities happens to reach out the victims.

On the other hand, this experiment proposal also helps to create another portal to

an individual, particularly the farmer’s and the businessman to open another job among

their employee’s. We all know that after the coconut has been peeled to their husk, the

coconut outermost layer shell will put into waste and no other significance after. But

instead of throwing the coconut outermost layer shell into waste, why don’t make another

earnings from it. If this experimental design will be approving by the government then the

coconut outermost layer will become source of other income. The government will buy

and used it in the designed as a shockproof for the designer of parcel for goods and not
far from it, maybe it will open another innovation that’s involves the coconut husk to be

useful for our economy.

Review of Related Literature

The Egg Drop is a classic physics experiment, students are given an egg to drop

from a high point (such as the roof or high area) onto a hard surface (such as the ground).

They must design a prototype for the egg to protect it during the drop. Typical prototype

are straws, carton or shoeboxes. The prototype can be modified by adding foams, papers,

and or materials that is shock proof to prevent the egg from breaking. The students form

hypotheses about which of the egg carriers will effectively protects the egg from impact.

The experiment is not just for fun it is intended to understand the relationships between

force and momentum, (Lewis et.al, 2011).

The egg drop experiment is from the concept related to the basic principles of Sir

Isaac Newton the Newton's Laws of Motion, published in 1687 by describing the

relationship between force and motion. One of this law described as “The Law of Inertia”

or the first law of motion, it states that an object that is in motion will stay in motion unless

an external force acts upon it, and an object at rest will stay at rest unless an external

force acts upon it. Next is the relationship between the external forces acting upon an

object and the object's change in momentum (velocity) describing Newton’s Second Law

of Motion. The force increases as the time required for the change decreases. If a car is
moving along at a steady pace and needs to decelerate, the force experienced by the

driver will be greater as the time for deceleration is shorter, (Sharma, 2012).

The egg drop experiment’s objective is to keep the egg from breaking as it

decelerates. It becomes clear from Newton's Laws that in order to minimize the force

experienced by the egg at impact, the prototype must increase the time over which the

egg is brought to rest or decrease the egg's velocity at the time of the crash.

In order to decrease the egg's velocity upon impact, the prototype or the egg

carriers must have increased air resistance. An increased surface area on the carrier,

such as a flat surface or flat design model, will cause the egg to hit the ground at a lower

speed. To increase the time over which the egg comes to rest, the egg must be provided

with a material that has the ability to absorb the force of impact.

Coir is a natural fiber which is extracted from the husk of coconut. It is used to

produce the products such as floor mats, door mats, brushes etc. it is found between the

hard internal shell and the outer coat of a coconut. Coir fiber blocks have a tendency to

expand in its volume. It has a reliable property that is eco-friendly. It has preferable and

valuable nitrogen sources that are often lost from compost as ammonia. It is used as a

pit for plant healthy growth. It is strongly recommended because it is free of bacterial and

fungal spores. (Duke and Shole, 2011)

damage by salt water. It is also used as shock absorber as it has high resistance power.

It is also used in processing handicraft items and ropes. It has strong resistance to salt

water which provides safe guard. Coco fiber is a popular material used in conservation

projects and in making environmentally friendly products. Moreover Coir fiber is also used

in the processing of handicrafts items and provides economic and environmental friendly

fiber. It is remarkably light in weight due to its hollow structure. It is very strong, durable,

thick and smooth, (Shaman, et.al 2012).

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) is made from the seed fibers of the plant, which are

up to 2.5 inches long and have evolved to help the plant disperse its seeds. Cotton is the

world’s biggest non-food crop and makes half of the world’s textiles, explosives, oil, cattle

food, toothpaste. It has survived competition from synthetics but at the expense of heavy

fertilizer and pesticide use and its shocking history of labor exploitation. This elegant, cool

popular material has cost more in human misery than its competitors wool, linen and

nylon. Since cotton is breathable and doesn’t retain odors like oil-based fabrics, the fiber

is so versatile that it can be woven or knitted into a bunch of different fabrics like corduroy,

chambray, lace and velour. (Conrad, 2013)

Cotton is strong, tough and not afraid to get its fibers dirty. You can rely on it to last

a long time and not fall apart on the first wear. There is such a thing as too much stretch.

The more spandex you add to a garment, the higher your chances of sagging, bagging

and stretching out. Cotton is a lot of things, but it’s definitely NOT clingy! Static cling can

be blamed for many an embarrassing fabric fail, but cotton is never the culprit because it
can’t hold an electric charge. So if you want cling-free clothes, stick with cotton. (Marjory

Joseph. Introductory Textile Science, 2014)

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The methodology is composed of three phases: (1) the materials, (2), Procedures, (3)

Data Collection and Analysis.

Phase 1- The Materials

On preparing in this experiment, we need an illustration board 30'' x 40'' (1

whole) as a base of the container, used clothes as a first layer inside the box, a coir

fiber estimated 15 grams puts inside the box as the second layer and second receiver of

the shockwave and impacts towards the egg at the center. And cotton serves as cover of

the egg in the center.

Phase 2- Procedures

In Philippine industry, natural fibers have been widely used for clothing and

handicraft purposes but most of the unused fibers tend to be thrown away. Our country

has the largest number of coconut trees in the world as it produces most of the world
market for coconut oil and copra meal. Coconut husk, containing the coir fiber, is the most

widely utilized but the reported utilization rate is very low. Moreover, coir fiber, found in

the outer layer of coconut shell, is the largest waste product of the coconut growing

regions in the Philippines (Zafar, 2015).

In creating the prototype, and the coconut coir as the main material, the

researchers estimate the size of the cardboard as the estimation of the box by dimension,

the size of the whole cardboard is 30 x 40cm. to have the same size and dimension, the

needed size of the box is 5x5 cm. to have the same dimension, then the researchers

follows the cross design cut in making the box, the researchers use the packaging tape

in sealing the edge of the box to make it more stronger, the researchers wraps the egg

with coconut husk containing coir fiber, sealed it with packaging tape then wrap it with

clothes to add extra protection,

Phase 3 Data Collection and Analysis.

In Philippine industry, natural fibers have been widely used for clothing and

handicraft purposes but most of the unused fibers tend to be thrown away. Our country

has the largest number of coconut trees in the world as it produces most of the world

market for coconut oil and copra meal. Coconut husk, containing the coir fiber, is the most

widely utilized but the reported utilization rate is very low. Moreover, coir fiber, found in

the outer layer of coconut shell, is the largest waste product of the coconut growing

regions in the Philippines (Zafar, 2015).

On the other hand, coir fiber has been one of the topic interests in construction

industry. With a tensile strength of 21.5 MPa, using coir has an advantage in the
construction of low-cost concrete samples (John, 2017). Hence, the study aims to find an

alternative material, specifically coir fiber that can also be used in protecting the egg to

the impacts has been release during the dropping from 25ft. however, and natural fiber

such as coir fiber also suitable as substitute to synthetic fiber and wood based- materials

for acoustic absorption purposes. The coir fiber has an advantages because it is cheaper,

renewable and abundance, non-abrasive and does not give risk to health and safety

during processing and handling (Zulkifli, et.al 2008).

TABLE 1: The data is focused on the effects of cotton, clothes and coconut

husk(coir fiber) in protecting the egg from the cracking force felt upon impact.

DESIGNS CRACKED EGG ( YES/NO)

BOX + CLOTHES YES

BOX + COTTON ( Vary in Shape) NO

BOX + CLOTHES + COCONUT HUSK NO

Using a Box as a main material our experiment was set up to observe whether

using only one design element (cotton, clothes, coconut husk)was able to protect

the egg just as well as a design using both components. The data revealed that the Box

with Clothes alone were ineffective in preventing the egg from cracking, however when

both elements were utilized in the same trial, it was successful in sheltering
the egg. The results of this research helped expand our knowledge of effective design

strategies and inspired us to test different variables in future trials.

Table 2: Explains the mathematical data on how each trials differ from one another,

each trials shows the difference in its existing force and the applied velocity and

acceleration. These existing forces will help the researchers to analyze the speed of

impact of the said trials.

TRIALS Vf=vi+at A=vf-vi/t V=xf-xi/t F=mxa

TRIAL 1 14.896m/s 9.8m/s2 5.0m/s 24.5N

TRIAL 2 19.896m/s 9.8m/s2 7.62m/s 4.9N

TRIAL 3 17.4m/s 9.8m/s2 4.2m/s 14.7N

the fall will depend upon the speed with which the egg and protector were falling with the

Force with the formula F = Mass times acceleration. The egg will accelerate based on the

pull of gravity. How much it accelerates depends on the height from which the egg was

dropped and the mass of the egg and protector. Force will increase with larger masses

and higher heights.

The first law of motion explains while at rest, the egg has potential energy. The

egg gains potential energy as it is transported to a higher elevation for performing the egg

drop experiment. Once dropped, it will fall. This demonstrates kinetic energy. It will be

acted upon by the following forces: which is Gravity to pull it toward the earth and cause

its speed to accelerate. Drag will depend upon how the egg protector is built, this will

vary, but drag will slow the fall of the egg down. Drag does not destroy kinetic energy, but

instead creates friction (between the air and the object creating drag) and as a result it

transfers the energy into heat energy (another form of kinetic energy). So the more drag

applied the less kinetic energy reacts.

Third law of motion explains that in every action, there is an equal and opposite

reaction. When the egg hit the ground, it will exert some amount of force (the impact

force). The ground will, in turn, exert that same amount of force on the egg. The potential

energy the egg has when it is at rest is converted into kinetic energy as it falls because

of the force of gravity. Energy can be transferred from one kind to another, but it is never

destroyed. When the egg hits the floor, the kinetic energy is transferred again, this time

to the egg and the packaging materials used in building the egg protector.
 So it depends on the protector or the materials inside the box to stop the force

applied by the massive impact as approaching to ground.

Delimitations and Limitations of the Study

The scope and limitation of this study concentrates only in a controlled measurement in

the dropping height which is 25ft, and it doesn’t represent the actual dropping activity in

the actual action site during the calamity, aside from that there might be a difference in

calculation if there is some instances or changes in the range of height and the size of

the prototype in actual conditions, furthermore further studies is required and much

accurate systematic and critical analysis is needed in case of existing future studies.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The table shows the trials and what are the materials used to reach the accurate

shapes with accordance to height and time for the egg to survive after dropping by 25 ft.

Trial 1

Table 3.1 shows the first trial that only had the materials with used clothes,

Illustrations board and an egg in the center, in the container with cube shape.

Table: 3.1
 Weight Shape Height Time Egg
Materials
(prototype)

Used clothes,

illustration 2.5 kg cube 25 ft. 1.52 sec Cracked

Board, egg

Trial 2

Table 3.2 shows the second trial that consist the materials of Egg, cotton and illustrati

on board in different shape second trial attempt.

Table 3.2

Materials Weight Shapes Height Time Egg

(prototype)
 Egg,

cotton, 0.5kg 2 connected box 25 ft. 2.03 sec survive

illustration

board

Trial 3

Table 3.3 shows the last attempt in proposing this experiment to finally reach

The shape of the designed container helps the egg to survive after dropping by 25ft.

Table 3.3

Materials Weight Shapes Height Time Egg

(prototype)

Coir- fiber, used

clothes, egg, 1.5kg 12x12 cube 25 ft. 1.8 sec survive

,illustrations board
CONCLUSION

The researchers gather the statistical data to analyze why the trials succeed in

protecting the egg and why the other trials failed, the force is considered as a main factor

in this experiment as higher amount of force exert the higher the chance that the gravity

will accelerate the speed of impact whereas the more the object is less the more it creates

a dragging force to slow the impact, and the amount of materials inside the box is a great

factor that will help to create dragging force to minimize the impact speed as it falls to the

ground, the researchers conclude that the heavy the object is the higher the amount oNo

table of figures entries found.f force = m/a exerts and the less the object is the less the

force = m/a exerts as it hits the ground.

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