Astm A700 05 PDF

Designation: A700 − 05
Standard Practices for

Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel
Products for Shipment1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* conversions to SI units that are provided for information only

1.1 These practices cover the packaging, marking, and and are not considered standard.
loading of steel products for shipment. Assuming proper 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
handling in transit, the practices are intended to deliver the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
products to their destination in good condition. It is also responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
intended that these recommendations be used as guides for priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
attaining uniformity, simplicity, adequacy, and economy in the bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shipment of steel products.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 These practices cover semi-finished steel products, bars,
bar-size shapes and sheet piling, rods, wire and wire products, 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
tubular products, plates, sheets, and strips, tin mill products, D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-
and castings. A glossary of packaging, marking, and loading lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber
terms is also included. D774/D774M Test Method for Bursting Strength of Paper
(Withdrawn 2010)3
1.3 The practices are presented in the following sequence: D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and
Section Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
General Provisions 4 (Withdrawn 2009)3
General 4.1
Railcar Loading 4.2 D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values
Truck Loading 4.3 D3953 Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals
Barge Loading 4.4
Air Shipment 4.5
2.2 Association of American Railroads:4
Packaging Materials 4.6 Rules Governing the Loading of Commodities on Open Top
Package Identification 4.7 Cars
Weight and Count 4.8
Packaging Lists or Tally 4.9
Pamphlet 23 —The Rules Governing the Loading of Steel
Loss or Damage 4.10 Products in Closed Cars and Protection of Equipment
Semifinished Steel Products
Hot-Rolled Bars and Bar-Size Shapes
5
6
2.3 American Society of Agricultural Engineers:5
Cold-Finished Bars 7 ASAE Standard S 229, Baling Wire for Automatic Balers
Structural Shapes and Steel Sheet Piling 8
Rods, Wire, and Wire Products 9 3. Terminology
Tubular Products 10
Plates 11 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Sheets and Strip 12 3.1.1 The following glossary defines packaging, marking,
Tin Mill Products 13
Castings 14 and loading terms:
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
1 3
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee www.astm.org.
4
A01.94 on U.S. Government Requirements for Steel Mill and Foundry Products. Available from Association of American Railroads, American Railroads Bldg.,
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originally 1920 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20036.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as A700 – 99 ´1. DOI: 5
Available from American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Rd., St.
10.1520/A0700-05. Joseph, MI 49085.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 1

A700 − 05
3.1.2 AAR—Association of American Railroads. 3.1.21 binder—a clamping device used to secure chains or
3.1.3 “A” end of car—arbitrary definition used to describe cables.
the end of a freight car opposite the end on which the manual 3.1.22 blocking—material used to prevent or control move-
brake control is located. In the event there is a manual brake ment of the unit or load or to facilitate handling.
control on both ends, the ends are designated by stenciling the
3.1.23 box—a fully enclosed rigid container having length,
letters “A” and “B” respectively on both sides near the ends.
width, and depth.
3.1.4 air tool—tool operated by air pressure used for strap
tensioning, sealing, nailing, and so forth 3.1.24 box car—a freight car completely enclosed by ends,
sides, and roof equipped with doors to permit entry of loading
3.1.5 anchor plate—a plate that is nailed to side or floor of equipment and lading.
car used to attach steel strapping for load securement.
3.1.25 bracing—material used to make the unit or load firm
3.1.6 anchor tie—a coil eye-tie that is applied in a special
or rigid.
manner to resistant movement on bar or rod coils. A typical
method is to wrap the tie around several strands, then around 3.1.26 brand—producer’s or consumer’s identification
the complete coil. marks.
3.1.7 anti-skid plate—a device with sharp projections 3.1.27 bulkhead—fabricated and affixed barrier used to
placed under the package to retard shifting of the load in prevent lengthwise movements of a unit or load.
transit.
3.1.28 bulkhead, movable—bulkhead, part of railroad
3.1.8 “A” rack—a rack built in the form of the letter “A” for equipment, that is capable of being adjusted for load secure-
storing steel bars. ment.
3.1.9 asphalt-laminated paper—paper used for packaging 3.1.29 bumper block—material affixed to ends or sides of a
or shrouding, or both, composed of two or more sheets of paper unit or load to prevent damaging contact.
bonded by asphalt.
3.1.30 bundle— two or more pieces secured together.
3.1.10 back-up cleat—wood strip nailed to floor or side of
car to strengthen or prevent displacement of the primary 3.1.31 cleat—a piece of material, such as wood or metal,
blocking. attached to a structural body to strengthen, secure, or furnish a
3.1.11 banding, band—See strapping. grip.
3.1.12 band protector—material used under package or load 3.1.32 clinched tie—a coil eye-tie (round wire) that is
ties to protect product from damage and to prevent shearing of tensioned after manual twisting. Normally done with special
the package ties. twisting tool or a bar.
3.1.13 bare—any product that has not been protectively 3.1.33 coil—a continuous length of wire, bar, rod, strip,
wrapped or covered when packaged. sheet, and so forth, cylindrically wound.
3.1.14 barrel, slack—wooden barrel, not watertight by con- 3.1.34 coil car—railroad car specially equipped for the
struction, used for solid materials. transportation of sheet or strip coils.
3.1.15 basis weight—standard weight accepted by trade 3.1.35 coil carrier—a carrying and dispensing device pri-
customs, based upon standard size for the given class of marily for wire coils.
material. The weights of all other standard sizes are propor-
3.1.36 coil group—two or more coils secured into a unit that
tionate to the size and weight established for the given class of
can be handled as a single package.
material.
3.1.16 batten strips—strips of wood used to protect ma- 3.1.37 coil skid—See (coil) platform.
chined surface or projections on castings from damage by the 3.1.38 core—a cylinder on which coiled products are wound
securing tie or contact with other objects. Their location is and which remains in the inside diameter after winding.
optional but must be so located to afford maximum protection.
3.1.39 corrosion inhibitor—any material used by the steel
3.1.17 bearing pieces—supports beneath but not secured to industry to inhibit corrosion. This includes chemicals, oils,
lift, package, or load. treated packaging materials, and so forth.
3.1.18 belt rails—perforated angle or channel, running 3.1.40 corrugated box—shipping container made of corru-
length-wise at various levels along wall of vehicle, used to affix gated fiber board.
load-securement devices such as cross members or bulkheads.
3.1.41 covered—top, sides, and ends of package covered
3.1.19 “B” end of car—the end of a freight car on which the
with paper under the ties.
manual brake control is located. In the event there is a manual
brake control on both ends, the ends are designated by 3.1.42 crate—a container of open-frame construction.
stenciling the letters “A” and “B” respectively, on both sides 3.1.43 cross member “DF”—a wood or metal support of
near the ends. rated strength that is attached to the belt rails of a vehicle and
3.1.20 beveled—usually refers to a packaging or loading that may be used with or without a bulkhead to contain the
member with ends or edges cut at an angle other than 90 deg. load.

A700 − 05
3.1.44 cushion underframe—a device affixed to the under- 3.1.69 integral cover—a retractable permanently affixed
frame of a railroad car to absorb longitudinal shocks caused by cover on a gondola or flat car.
impacts. 3.1.70 interleaving—placing paper between sheets in a lift
3.1.45 damage-free box car—box car equipped with load or between coil wraps for protection against abrasion.
securement. 3.1.71 interlocking—procedure for stacking small channels
3.1.46 deck—top surface of a platform or pallet. and shapes.
3.1.47 desiccant—chemical used to absorb moisture. 3.1.72 joint strength—the tension measured in pounds that a
3.1.48 double deck—two-level stacking. tied joint can withstand before the joint slips or breaks.
3.1.49 double-door box car—box car equipped with two 3.1.73 keg—a small barrel.
doors on each side. The doors may be staggered or directly 3.1.74 knee brace—a triangular brace against the load
opposite. consisting of a vertical and a diagonal member used to prevent
3.1.50 drums—fiber or metal cylindrical containers. shifting of the load. It is frequently supplemented with cleats.
3.1.51 eye (of coil)—center opening of coil. 3.1.75 kraft paper—wood pulp paper made by the sulfate
3.1.52 eye vertical—placement of coil with eye of coil process.
vertical. 3.1.76 label—paper or other material affixed to the package
3.1.53 filler block—wood block used to fill voids when containing identification of product, consignee, producer, and
necessary for effective packaging or loading. so forth
3.1.54 fixed bulkhead—immovable bulkhead permanently 3.1.77 lagging—narrow strips of protective material, usu-
attached to car. ally wood, spaced at intervals around a cylindrical object as
3.1.55 floating load—a rail load that is permitted to move in protection against mechanical damage.
a longitudinal direction so that impact shocks are dissipated 3.1.78 laminant—the bonding agent used to combine two or
through movement of the load. more sheeted materials such as films, foils, paper, and so forth.
3.1.56 gondola—a freight car with sides and ends but Often selected to improve barrier qualities of the laminated
without a top covering. May be equipped with high or low product.
sides, drop or fixed ends, solid or drop bottoms, and is used for 3.1.79 lift—a unit prepared for handling by mechanical
shipment of any commodity not requiring protection from the equipment. It may be either secured or loose.
weather. 3.1.80 lift truck—a wheeled device used to lift and to
3.1.57 gondola, covered—a gondola with a movable or transport material. May be a fork lift, ram lift, platform, or
removable cover. Used for the shipment of any commodity that straddle truck.
requires protection from the weather. 3.1.81 light weight—See definition under weights.
3.1.58 gondola, drop-end—a gondola with ends in the form 3.1.82 load limit—the maximum load in pounds that the
of doors which can be lowered to facilitate loading and conveyance is designed to carry.
unloading, or for transporting long material that extends
beyond the ends of the car. 3.1.83 loose—often used to mean shipping unsecured.
3.1.59 gondola, fixed-end—a gondola with fixed ends and 3.1.84 LTL—less truck load; quantities shipped in amounts
sides but without top covering. less than truck load.
3.1.60 gondola, low-side—a gondola with car sides under 3.1.85 marking—term applied to any of several methods of
45 in. (1.14 m). identifying steel products such as stenciling, stamping, free
3.1.61 greaseproof paper—paper treated to inhibit absorp- handwriting, printing, or bar coding.
tion of grease or oil. 3.1.86 metal package—a paper-wrapped package enclosed
3.1.62 gross weight—See definitions under weights. with metal intended for overseas shipment.
3.1.63 guide strips—lumber secured to car floor to prevent 3.1.87 multiple lift—usually refers to unsecured individual
lateral movement of lading. lifts of sheets combined one on top of another to make a
package.
3.1.64 hand bundle—a secured or unsecured unit that can be
handled manually. 3.1.88 MVT—moisture vapor transmission.
3.1.65 headerboard—bulkhead on the front end of a trailer 3.1.89 nailable steel floor—steel floor designed with slots
to protect the cab from shifting of the load. or perforations to permit nailing of lumber blocking.
3.1.66 ID—inside diameter or inside dimension. 3.1.90 nestable steel products—rolled or formed steel
3.1.67 idler car— flat car or drop-end gondola placed products or containers that can be fitted into each other when
adjacent to a car carrying an overhanging load. packaged or loaded.
3.1.68 insert—a support used in the inside diameter of a coil 3.1.91 net weight—See definition under weights.
placed in position after the coil is formed to prevent collapse. 3.1.92 OD—outside diameter or outside dimension.

A700 − 05
3.1.93 oilproof—a term used to describe packaging materi- 3.1.114 skids—supporting members placed either length-
als that are oil resistant. wise or crosswise beneath and secured to the material to
3.1.94 package—one or more articles or pieces contained or facilitate handling.
secured into a single unit. 3.1.115 solid platform—See platform.
3.1.95 pallet—a structure of wood, metal, or other materials 3.1.116 spool—a device with a flange at each end on which
having two faces separated by stringers. Either or both faces material may be wound, having flange diameters up to 12 in.
may be solid or skeleton construction. (305 mm).
3.1.96 piggy back—highway trailers transported on freight 3.1.117 stack—placement of materials or package in tiers.
cars. 3.1.118 stake pocket—a metal receptacle that is part of the
3.1.97 platform—a structure of wood, metal, or other mate- vehicle and that is designed for the acceptance of stakes.
rials consisting of a deck supported by runners used to facilitate 3.1.119 stakes—metal or lumber placed vertically along
mechanical handling. The deck may be solid or skeleton. sides of vehicle to prevent movement of the lading beyond the
3.1.98 pneumatic tool—a tool operated by air pressure for side of the vehicle. Also used to provide clearance between the
purpose of tensioning, sealing, nailing, and so forth. lading and the side of the vehicle.
3.1.99 polyethylene—a synthetic material used as a free film 3.1.120 stamp—to identify with either metal or rubber die.
or in combination with other materials (usually paper) as a 3.1.121 stencil—to provide identification through the use of
protective wrap, cover, or shroud. a precut stencil.
3.1.100 port mark—marking that identifies the port of 3.1.122 strapping—flexible material used as a medium to
discharge. fasten, hold, or reinforce, for example, steel strapping; flat steel
3.1.101 racks, storage—a structure on which material is band designed for application with tensioning tools.
stored. 3.1.123 strapping joint—location or method of providing a
3.1.102 reel—any device with a flange on each end of which strapping closure.
material may be wound, having a flange diameter of 12 in. (305 3.1.124 stringers—supporting members that separate the
mm) or over. two faces of a pallet.
3.1.103 retarder plates—formed metal plates secured to the 3.1.125 tag—material, such as paper, plastic, or metal, on
floor through which unit securement bands are threaded. They which product or shipping data are furnished and which is
are used to retard movement of loads. fastened to a package or container by wires, staples, tacks, and
3.1.104 rub rail:— so forth.
—a rail extending around the perimeter of a flat-bed trailer. 3.1.126 tally—a recapitulation of items comprising a load.
—a buffer strip used in a conveyance between the side and 3.1.127 tare weight—weight of container or packaging ma-
the lading. terials.
—a guide on flat cars used in TOFC service. 3.1.128 tarpaulin—water-resistant material used to protect
3.1.105 runner—member supporting platform deck. load or materials from the elements.
3.1.106 rust inhibitor—a chemical agent used to retard 3.1.129 tension tie—strapping applied with mechanical
oxidation. tools.
3.1.107 seal:— 3.1.130 theoretical weight—a calculated weight based on

nominal dimensions and the density of material.
—means of effecting strapping joints.
3.1.131 tier—one of two or more rows placed one above the
—protective device used to provide evidence that closure has
other.
not been disturbed.
3.1.132 TOFC—trailer on flat car. See piggy back.
3.1.108 seal protector—a protector to prevent strapping seal
indentation damage to the product. 3.1.133 truck—a rubber-tired highway vehicle in the form
of a straight truck, semi-trailer, full trailer, or any combination
3.1.109 secured lift—See lift.
thereof.
3.1.110 separator—any material placed between units of the 3.1.133.1 flat bed—a truck whose cargo-carrying area is a
package or load to provide clearance. flat surface without sides, ends, or tops.
3.1.111 shroud—a protective cover placed over the load, 3.1.133.2 low side—a truck whose cargo-carrying area is a
unit, or package, covering the top and four sides. flat surface equipped with side and ends and approximately 2
3.1.112 skeleton platform—See platform. ft 6 in. to 4 ft (0.76 to 1.22 m) in height.
3.1.113 skid protector (stain protector)—any of various 3.1.133.3 removable side—a truck whose cargo-carrying
practices followed to prevent corrosion damage from packag- area is a flat surface equipped with removable sides and rear
ing lumber. door approximately 2 ft 6 in. to 8 ft (0.76 to 2.44 m) in height.

A700 − 05
TABLE 1 Protective Coatings Used to Protect Steel Mill Products
Type Method of Purpose
Application
Type A—Thin soft film preservative consisting of a rust cold; spray, dip or to provide protection against corrosion and staining of steel mill
inhibitor in petroleum oil brush products for short-term preservation periods (up to 3 months
indoor storage)
Type C—Hard drying varnish resinous or plastic coating cold; spray, dip or to provide protection against corrosion of steel mill products for
brush intermediate-term preservation periods (up to 6 months
outdoor storage)
Type D—Medium soft film preservative in a solvent cold; spray, dip or to provide protection for edges of coils or cut lengths
brush
3.1.133.4 open top high side—a truck whose cargo-carrying is the responsibility of the purchaser to provide the producer
area is a flat surface equipped with high sides and ends but no with his requirements concerning protective wrapping materi-
permanent top. The end at rear of vehicle opens to facilitate als. When unusual or special conditions require packaging,
loading. marking, and loading methods not covered herein, the pur-
3.1.133.5 pole trailer—highway trailer with a pole-like chaser should consult with the supplier. Each load involves
connection between the front and back wheels for transporting variables in lading and equipment which cannot be precisely
long material. covered by loading rules. Therefore, it is essential that the
receiver supply the shipper with pertinent information on his
3.1.133.6 expandable trailer—a flat trailer of more than one
unloading methods and equipment.
section which may be extended for long product.
4.2 Railcar Loading—All domestic rail shipments of steel
3.1.133.7 van—a truck or trailer with nonremovable top.
products are loaded in accordance with the latest rules govern-
3.1.134 twist ties—round or oval ties in which the joint is ing the loading of either open top cars or closed cars as
made by twisting the two ends together. published by the Association of American Railroads. These
3.1.135 unitized—segments of the load secured into one publications are entitled “Rules Governing the Loading of
unit. Commodities on Open Top Cars” and “Pamphlet 23—The
3.1.136 unsecured lifts—See lift. Rules Governing the Loading of Steel Products in Closed Cars
and Protection of Equipment.”
3.1.137 VCI—volatile corrosion inhibitor. One type of rust
inhibitor. 4.3 Truck Loading—The trucker is responsible for the ar-
3.1.138 waster sheet—a secondary grade sheet, sometimes rangement and securement of the load for safe transit, the
used in packaging to increase resistance to mechanical damage. protection of the lading from damage by binders, and the
prevention of damage to the lading from the elements. These
3.1.139 waterproof paper—paper constructed or treated to loads shall be in accordance with applicable state and federal or
resist penetration of water in liquid form for specific lengths of provincial, national, and international regulations.6
time.
4.4 Barge Loading—There are no formal rules covering
3.1.140 weights (package):— barge loading. Steel products are suitably packaged and the
3.1.140.1 gross weight—total weight of commodity and all barge is loaded to provide ample clearance or blocking, or
packaging. both, for subsequent handling and unloading. Covered or
3.1.140.2 lift weight—the weight of the material in a lift. open-top barges may be used depending upon the nature of the
3.1.140.3 net weight—the weight of the commodity alone product.
excluding the weight of all packaging material or containers. 4.5 Air Shipment:
3.1.140.4 tare weight—weight of packaging components. 4.5.1 When metal plates, strips, sheets, bars, rods, angle
3.1.141 weights (transportation): — stock, tubes, and pipe are to be shipped by air, they shall be
3.1.141.1 gross weight—total weight of lading and trans- packed as follows:
porting vehicle. 4.5.1.1 Plate, sheet, and strip shall be packed in snug-fitting
boxes reinforced with steel straps or in metal packs.
3.1.141.2 light weight—the weight of the empty transport-
4.5.1.2 Bar, rod, angle stock, pipe, and tube shall be packed
ing vehicle. On rail cars, the light weight is stenciled on car
in snug-fitting crates with solid wood ends or in boxes, as
sides.
required for protection.
3.1.141.3 tare weight—same as light weight. 4.5.1.3 Single pieces or bundles of steel stock shall have a
3.1.142 wrapped—a package or shipping unit completely snug-fitting wood cap secured over each end. End caps shall be
enclosed with protective material.
4. General Provisions 6
Code of Federal Regulations Title 49—Transportation, Chapter III-Federal
Highway Administration, Department of Transportation, Subchapter B-Motor Car-
4.1 General—It is recommended that producers and users
rier Safety Regulations, Part 393, Parts and Accessories Necessary for Safe
follow the packaging, marking, and loading methods for Operation, Safe Loading of Motor Vehicles. This footnote applies only to U.S.
individual steel products so described and illustrated herein. It domestic shipments.

A700 − 05
4.6.3.3 Waterproof Paper—These papers are laminated,
coated, or impregnated with a moisture-barrier material.
4.6.4 Protective Coatings—In selecting corrosion-
preventive materials to protect steel mill products during
shipment and storage, consideration should be given to ease
and method of application, coverage desired, severity of
conditions expected, and ease of removal. The material and
method of application determined to be the best suited for
protection of a product are based on experience. Therefore,
selection of protective coatings should be left to the discretion
of the steel supplier whenever possible. The protective coatings
used on steel products are listed in Table 1.
4.6.5 Package Ties—Tying of packages shall be accom-
plished by tension-tying with bands or wire; or by hand tying
and twisting heavy-gage wire or rods. Either bands or wire may
FIG. 1 End Caps for Air Shipment be used for package ties, regardless of which type of tie is
shown in illustrations in the individual product sections of this
practice.
4.6.5.1 Breaking Strength Ties—used in packaging steel mill
fabricated as shown in Fig. 1. Lumber and construction of end
products shall have the minimum breaking strengths of Speci-
caps shall be as specified in 4.6.2. End capse shall be secured
fication D3953.
to each other by flat or round wire steel strapping. Straps
4.6.6 Protectors—Protectors are used with certain products
should be secured to end caps with staples. Caps shall be a
to protect them from damage and to prevent shearing of the
minimum of 18 in. (450 mm) in length and a minimum of 21⁄2
ties. Various materials, such as lumber, metal, plastic, fiber, or
in. (60 mm) square at the end.
other suitable materials, are used under the package ties as
4.5.1.4 Castings, forgings, and other large or irregular
required.
shapes shall be preserved, packed, and marked as agreed
between purchaser and seller. 4.7 Package Identification:
4.6 Packaging Materials: 4.7.1 All marking shall be legible and of a size consistent
4.6.1 General—Materials not covered by specifications or with the space available to be marked. All tags shall be
which are not specifically described herein shall be of a quality securely affixed to the package to prevent loss in transit. Tags
suitable for the intended purpose. Specifications described are shall be of a size to show clearly all of the information
intended as the minimum requirements for packaging of steel required, and shall be able to withstand reasonable exposure to
products. After the product has been delivered, purchasers are the elements.
faced with the problems of disposal of the packaging materials. 4.7.2 Marking Metal Surfaces—Unless otherwise specified,
For this reason the simplest effective packaging is the most metal surfaces shall be marked with either permanent ink or
desirable. The packaging materials described are subject to paint.
change in accordance with the rapidly developing technology 4.7.3 Marking Containers—All materials used for marking
and the changing regulations affecting ecology. containers shall be resistant to the elements.
4.6.2 Lumber—The proper selection of lumber for use in the 4.8 Weight and Count—When steel products are invoiced on
packaging of steel products depends upon many factors, such mill scale weights and such weights are checked after ship-
as end use, compressive strength, beam strength, hardness, ment, variations from invoice weights up to 1 % are normally
moisture content, nail-holding power, condition, and so forth. expected due to differences in the kind, type, and location of
Detailed information is contained in Specifications D245 and the scales. When invoiced on mill scale weights, where there
Test Methods D2555. are large quantities of one size or thickness, or where the
4.6.3 Protective Wrapping Material—Protective wrappings number of pieces in a lift or bundle is required to be shown on
are used in packaging to (1) retard moisture penetration, (2) the identification tags and shipping papers, the count is
minimize loss of oil, and (3) provide protection from dirt. considered approximate and the weight is the more accurate.
4.6.3.1 Paper—The basis weight is determined by the num- When steel products are invoiced on theoretical weights, the
ber of pounds per 500 sheets of 24 by 36 in. For example, 50-lb invoice weights are based on the number of pieces or lineal feet
kraft paper will equal 50 lb per 500 sheets of 24 by 36 in. The shipped.
following tests may be used to determine the physical proper-
4.9 Packaging Lists or Tally—Furnished as required. Such
ties of paper:
lists are compiled as accurately as practicable, subject to
Test ASTM Method confirmation by the official shipping notice or invoice.
Bursting strength D774/D774M
Tensile strength D828 4.10 Loss or Damage—If upon delivery there is any evi-
4.6.3.2 Oil-Resistant Paper—Paper treated, laminated, or dence of loss or damage, exception should be taken by notation
constructed to resist absorption of oil from the packaged on the freight bill, and the carrier’s representative should be
product. called in to inspect the lading before unloading.

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5. Semifinished Steel Products 6.3.1 Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Bars, and Bar-Size
5.1 Semifinished steel products are generally produced for Shapes:
further processing and, because of their nature, only the simple 6.3.1.1 It is normal practice to identify each lift or coil with
methods of packaging and loading described below are recom- a tag containing the following information:
mended. (1) Producer’s name, brand, or trademark,
(2) Size,
5.2 Product Grades:
(3) ASTM designation (year date is not required),
5.2.1 Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel ingots, blooms,
(4) Heat number,
billets, and slabs.
(5) Weight (except coils),
5.2.2 Carbon steel skelp in coils.
(6) Customer’s name, and
5.3 Marking: (7) Customer’s order number.
5.3.1 It is normal practice to stamp or paint the heat number 6.3.1.2 Die Stamping of Carbon Steel Bars—The ultimate
on each piece shipped loose and to show the heat number on a uses of the products do not usually require die stamping.
tag attached to each secured lift of smaller size billets. The Therefore, this method of marking for other than mill identi-
ordered size and weight may be painted on at least one piece of fication requires additional labor and handling.
each size when shipped loose or on at least one piece of each 6.3.1.3 Die Stamping of Alloy and Stainless Steel Bars—
secured lift. Each skelp coil is tagged or marked with the heat When specified, heat numbers or symbols are stamped on one
number and the size. end or on the surface near the end of rounds, squares,
5.3.2 Color Marking—There is no generally recognized hexagons, and octagons 2 in. (51 mm) and larger, and on flats
color code for identification of steel grades. When specified, 2 in. in width or 2 in. or over in thickness.
color marking to denote grade is applied. In such cases a dash 6.3.1.4 The above described marking is practicable on
of color on one end of loose pieces is sufficient. In the case of smaller sizes down to a minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) in thickness
secured lifts of smaller sizes, the grade is shown on a tag and 1 in. in width for flats, and not less than 1 in. in thickness
attached to the lift or by a dash of one color on one end of the or diameter for other bars, but because of its precise nature,
lift. such marking delays normal production.
5.4 Packaging: 6.3.1.5 Stamping of sizes under 1 in. is not practicable.
5.4.1 Semifinished steel products are usually shipped loose. These sizes are secured in lifts and tagged to show heat
When specified, lifts of billets 9 in.7 (58 cm7) and under in numbers or symbols.
cross section may be secured into lifts of 5 tons (4.5 Mg) or 6.3.1.6 Color Marking—There is no standard color code for
heavier. The securement of this type of package consists of ties identification of steel grades. When marking of bars with
of soft wire rod or tensioned flat bands. The number of ties to identification colors is required, the following practices are
be used on any specific lift can best be determined by the regularly employed:
shipper’s experience. (1) Sizes 2 in. (51 mm) and over are marked on one end
5.4.2 Skelp in coils is secured with a minimum of two ties with not more than two colors.
per coil. (2) Sizes 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) up to 2 in. (51 mm) are marked
5.4.3 Semifinished steel products are usually shipped in on one end with not more than one color.
open-top equipment and require no further protection from the (3) Sizes smaller than 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) are not marked
elements. individually; but the bundle, lift, or pile (any size bar or flats)
5.5 Loading—Semifinished steel products are usually is marked on one end with a dab of paint of one color or not
shipped loose with different sizes or weights segregated. more than two different colored stripes.
Unitizing requires additional labor and material. (4) Bars are regularly painted after assembly into lifts, and
due to the nonuniformity of ends, it is not expected that paint
6. Hot-Rolled Bars and Bar-Size Shapes will be on every bar in the lift. Any other paint marking slows
normal production. Superimposed color marking requires ad-
6.1 Hot-rolled bars and bar-size shapes are usually further
ditional labor and time for drying.
processed by the purchaser. Simple methods of packaging and
(5) When the back of the tag is color marked, one or two
loading are recommended. The major consideration is the
colors are used or the names of the colors are given.
prevention of physical damage in transit, such as bending or
6.3.2 Concrete Reinforcing Bars:
twisting.
6.3.2.1 It is normal practice to identify each lift with a tag
6.2 Product Grades: containing the following information:
6.2.1 Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel bars, and bar-size (1) Producer’s name, brand, or trademark,
shapes. (2) Size or bar designation number, and
6.2.2 Concrete reinforcing bars. (3) Grade and specification.
6.3 Marking: 6.3.2.2 Color Marking—When specified, a dab of paint, one
color only for each grade, is placed on one end of each lift to
distinguish grades. Such marking augments but does not
7
A revision of Simplified Practice Recommendation R 247–62, formerly replace the marking requirements contained in the product
published by the U. S. Department of Commerce. specification.

A700 − 05
6.4.1.4 Bar Coils—Hot-rolled bar coils are regularly se-
cured with two ties of soft wire or flat steel bands and loaded
loose, unprotected, in open-top equipment. Bar coils that have
had special treatment, such as cleaned and coated or cleaned
and oiled, are loaded in closed or covered equipment and
require additional labor and material. Securing two or more bar
coils into a coil group requires additional labor and material.
6.4.1.5 Protective Coatings—The nature of hot-rolled bars
or bar-size shapes is such that protective coatings are not
regularly applied.
6.4.2 Concrete Reinforcing Bars—Concrete reinforcing bars
are secured in lifts as illustrated in Fig. 2. The recommended
weight of bars in the secured lift is 10 000 lb (4.5 Mg) or more.
Lifts under 10 000 lb require additional labor and materials.
The securement of this type of package consists of ties of soft
wire rods or tensioned flat bands. The number of ties to be used
on any specific lift can best be determined by the shipper’s
experience. Secured lifts in the smaller sizes may contain
individually tied bundles within the lift. Bundling of the
smaller sizes requires additional material and handling. Pack-
aging of concrete reinforcing bars into units of specified count,
weight, or dimensions requires additional handling and mate-
rial.
6.5 Loading:
6.5.1 Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel bars, bar-size shapes,
FIG. 2 Suitable Secured Lift-Hot-Rolled and Cold-Finished Bars
and concrete reinforcing bars are regularly shipped unprotected
and Bar-Size Shapes in open-top equipment. Loading of closed equipment and
flatcars requires additional handling and materials.
6.4 Packaging: 6.5.2 When separation of lifts is required to allow sufficient
6.4.1 Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Bars, and Bar-Size clearances needed for unloading equipment, separators or
Shapes: bearing pieces are furnished up to a maximum of commercial
6.4.1.1 Secured Lifts—Bars are generally packaged into 4-in. lumber.
secured lifts (see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3). The recommended weight 6.5.3 Weather Protection—Hot-rolled bars, hot-rolled heat-
of hot-rolled bars in a secured lift is 10 000 lb (4.5 Mg). Lifts treated bars, bar-size shapes, and concrete reinforcing bars
under 10 000 lb require additional material and handling. generally require further processing or fabrication and, there-
Producers recommend that purchasers specify the maximum fore, are regularly shipped in open-top equipment, unprotected.
possible weight for lifts because heavier units withstand When the bars are scale-free or have been processed beyond
transportation hazards better and result in greater economy to the as-rolled or heat-treated condition, such as by pickling and
both the purchaser and the producer. The securement of this oiling or by pickling and liming, producers usually recommend
type of package consists of ties of soft wire rod or tensioned protection by shipment in covered equipment or by wrapping
flat bands. The number of ties to be used on any specific lift can or shrouding when loaded in open-top equipment. In covered
best be determined by the shipper’s experience. This recom- rail equipment, shrouding may be required. Fig. 5 illustrates a
mended securement is adequate for normal handling and transit suitable method of wrapping lifts for loading in open-top
requirements. Handling by means of the package ties or by equipment. Fig. 6 illustrates a suitable method of shrouding the
magnet is considered an unsafe practice and is not recom- carload. The material is a waterproof paper or plastic sheet
mended. placed over a number of lifts or over the entire carload and
6.4.1.2 Loose Bars—The term “loose” means single pieces suitably secured.
that can be handled individually. This method of loading is
sometimes used when shipping to purchasers who unload by 7. Cold-Finished Bars
hand or magnet or for shipping large bars. 7.1 Cold-finished carbon, alloy, and stainless steel bars are
6.4.1.3 Stack Piling—This method of piling is regularly among the most highly finished products of the steel industry.
used for straightened flats and certain shapes and consists of Because of their high finish and the exacting uses to which
arranging pieces in order and securing into lifts of 10 000 lb such products are put, packaging and loading methods are very
(4.5 Mg) minimum weight. Stack piling of bars under 1 in. (25 important.
mm) in width is impractical. When stack piling is specified for
7.2 Product Grades—Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel bars.
other than straightened flats or shapes, additional handling is
generally required. Fig. 4 illustrates a suitable lift of stack-piled 7.3 Marking:
straightened flats. 7.3.1 Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Bars:

A700 − 05
FIG. 3 Suitable Secured Lift-Flats
FIG. 4 Suitable Lift of Stack-Piled Straightened Flats
(2) Sizes smaller than 11⁄2 in. are not marked individually,
but the bundle, lift, or pile is marked on one end with a dab of
paint of one color or not more than two different colored
stripes.
(3) Any other paint marking slows normal production.
(4) Superimposed color marking also requires additional
labor and time for drying.
(5) When the back of the tag is marked, one or two colors
are used or the names of the colors are spelled out.
7.4 Packaging:
7.4.1 Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Bars:
7.4.1.1 Secured Lifts (Fig. 2)—The recommended minimum
quantity of cold-finished bars in the secured lift is 6000 lb (2.7
Mg). Producers recommend that purchasers specify the maxi-
mum possible weight for lifts because heavier lifts withstand
transportation hazards better and result in greater economy to
FIG. 5 Suitable Method of Wrapping Lifts for Loading in Open-
both the purchaser and the producer. The packaging of bars into
Top Equipment
lifts for closed-car loading requires additional handling. The
securement of this type of package consists of ties of soft wire
7.3.1.1 It is normal practice to identify each lift with a tag or flat steel bands. Ties are regularly applied as follows:
containing the following information: Up to 15 ft (4.57 m), incl 3 ties
(1) Producer’s name, brand, or trademark, Over 15 ft to 22 ft (4.57 to 6.71 m), incl 4 ties
(2) Size, Over 22 ft to 33 ft (6.71 to 10.06 m), incl 5 ties
Over 33 ft (10.06 m) 6 ties
(3) ASTM designation (year date is not required),
(4) Heat number, The recommended securement is adequate for normal han-
(5) Weight, dling and transportation requirements. Handling by means of
(6) Customer’s name, and the package ties or by magnet is considered an unsafe practice
(7) Customer’s order number. and is not recommended.
7.3.1.2 Die Stamping—It is not regular practice to die-stamp 7.4.1.2 Loose Bars—The term “loose” means single pieces
cold-finished bars. Therefore, when specified, this method of that can be handled individually. This method of loading is
marking retards the normal flow of materials. used by producers in the loading of large sizes.
7.3.1.3 Color Marking—When the marking of bars with 7.4.1.3 Stack Piling—This method of piling is regularly
identification colors is required, the following practices are used for straightened flats and certain shapes and consists of
employed: arranging pieces in order, in one or more piles, into secured
(1) Sizes 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) and over are marked on one end lifts of 6000 lb (2.7 Mg) minimum weight. Stack piling of bars
with not more than two colors. under 1 in. (25 mm) in width is impractical. When stack piling

A700 − 05
FIG. 6 Suitable Method of Shrouding Carload
is specified for other than straightened flats, additional han- 7.5 Loading:
dling is generally required. The stacking or piling of all bars or 7.5.1 Cold-finished carbon, alloy, and stainless steel bars are
bar-size shapes, including straightened flats, into lifts of normally shipped in closed or covered equipment. Loading in
specified count or dimensions involves additional handling. box cars requires additional handling.
Fig. 4 illustrates a suitable lift of stack-piled straightened flats. 7.5.2 When separation of lifts or piles in cars is required to
7.4.1.4 Bundling—Cold-finished round, square, hexagon, or allow sufficient clearances for unloading equipment, separators
similar bar sections 5⁄16 in. (7.9 mm) and under are put up in or bearing pieces are furnished up to a maximum of commer-
hand bundles because of the flexible nature of the material. cial 4-in. lumber. Loads are often shipped in bulkhead equip-
Bundling of sizes over 5⁄16 in. requires additional handling. ment or are rigidly braced for protection in transit.
Fig. 7 illustrates a suitable hand bundle. Such bundles regularly 7.5.3 Where additional protection is specified in covered
contain not less than three pieces, the package weighs from 150 gondolas, material may be wrapped or shrouded as illustrated
to 200 lb (68 to 91 kg), and is tied with No. 14 gage (1.63-mm) in Fig. 9 or Fig. 10. Fig. 5 illustrates a suitable method for
wire or its equivalent as follows: wrapping lifts of cold-finished bars. Fig. 6 illustrates a suitable
Up to 8 ft (2.44 m), incl 2 ties method of shrouding the carload.
Over 8 ft to 16 ft (2.44 to 4.88 m), incl 3 ties
Over 16 ft to 20 ft (4.88 to 6.10 m), incl 4 ties 8. Structural Shapes and Steel Sheet Piling
Over 20 ft to 24 ft (6.10 to 7.32 m), incl 5 ties
Fig. 8 illustrates a bundle of bars banded to a board. Small 8.1 Product Grades:
quantity items unable to support their own weight without 8.1.1 Carbon, high-strength low-alloy, and stainless steel
possible damage from bending or distortion are usually secured structural shapes.
to boards or boxed. 8.1.2 Steel sheet piling.
7.4.1.5 Containers—Due to the special high finish and very 8.2 Marking:
close tolerances of some cold-finished bars, packaging in 8.2.1 Carbon, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and Stainless Steel
special containers for extra protection against damage is Structural Shapes:
required. This type of packaging requires additional material 8.2.1.1 It is normal practice to mark each individual struc-
and handling. Less than carload or less than truckload ship- tural shape shipped loose or tag each secured lift with the
ments of polished, turned ground and polished, cold-drawn following information:
ground and polished bars and shafting, or any bars produced to (1) Producer’s name, brand, or trademark,
a high finish, are packaged in chipboard tubes, wood boxes, (2) Section designation or size of section,
corrugated fiberboard boxes or other suitable containers. Fig. 9 (3) Heat number,
illustrates a suitable chipboard container. Such containers are (4) Length, and
made of heavy spirally wound chipboard with various end (5) Grade or type (stainless steel).
closures. Fig. 10 illustrates a suitable wood box. Such boxes 8.2.1.2 Die Stamping—When specified, the heat number is
are made of seasoned lumber, lined with paper, and are die-stamped in one location. Die stamping or hot rolling the
reinforced with bands or wire at the ends and at intermediate heat number into structural shapes is not universally practiced.
points, as required. The standard sizes of steel die-stamps are 1 ⁄4 in., 5⁄16 in., and 3⁄8
7.4.1.6 Protective Coatings—Cold-finished bars are coated in. (6.4 mm, 7.9 mm, and 9.5 mm). Any additional or different
with corrosion preventatives or shipped without protective marking other than as indicated above or specifying stamping
coating depending upon the use and the purchaser’s specifica- with steel die-stamps of sizes other than indicated is negotiated
tion. between purchaser and manufacturer.

A700 − 05
FIG. 7 Suitable Hand Bundle of Cold-Finished Bars
FIG. 8 Bundle of Cold-Finished Bars Secured to a Board
FIG. 9 Suitable Chipboard Container
8.2.1.3 Color Marking—On structural shapes made to cer- 8.3.2 Steel Sheet Piling—Steel sheet piling is normally
tain ASTM specifications, color marking is required. Each handled and loaded in lifts or units weighing approximately
structural shape shipped loose is marked with one or two color 10 000 to 20 000 lb (4.5 to 9.0 Mg), depending on the size of
stripes. When shipped in secured lifts, the lift is marked with a piling sections.
vertical stripe for the full height of the lift. Each piece in the lift 8.4 Loading:
shall be marked by this stripe. 8.4.1 Carbon, High-Strength Low-Alloy, and Stainless Steel
8.2.2 Steel Sheet Piling—It is normal practice to mark each Structural Shapes:
steel sheet piling with the following: 8.4.1.1 Loading Practice—Structural shapes are loaded un-
(1) Producer’s name, brand, or trademark, protected in open-top equipment because of their nature and
(2) Heat number, and the universal use of mechanical unloading equipment. The
(3) Length. method used to separate lifts in the car to facilitate unloading
Additional or different marking requires additional handling can best be determined at the time of loading. Wood blocking
and complicates the normal marking procedure. and endwise staggering are typical means of separating lifts.
8.3 Packaging: Segregation of sections by size, type, or item into separate cars
8.3.1 Carbon, High-Strength Low-Alloy and Stainless Steel requires additional handling.
Structural Shapes—Structural shapes are normally shipped in 8.4.1.2 Weather Protection—Structural shapes, due to their
unsecured lifts or units weighing approximately 10 000 to nature, are seldom protected from the weather in transit.
20 000 lb (4.5 to 9.0 Mg). Various methods are used to Protection such as shrouding requires additional labor and
maintain the unity of such lifts during transit. At manufactur- material.
er’s option, small sizes may be secured to facilitate identifica- 8.4.2 Steel Sheet Piling—Because of its nature and the
tion, handling, or transportation. universal use of mechanical unloading equipment, steel sheet

A700 − 05
FIG. 10 Suitable Wood Box for Cold-Finished Bars
piling is loaded unprotected in open-top equipment. The 9.3.1 Hot-Rolled Rods in Coils—It is normal practice to tag
method used to separate lifts in the car and thus facilitate each coil with the following information:
unloading can best be determined at the time of unloading. 9.3.1.1 Producer’s name, brand, or trademark,
Wood blocking and endwise staggering are typical means of 9.3.1.2 Grade, product identification or type (stainless steel
separating lifts. only),
9.3.1.3 Size,
9. Rods, Wire, and Wire Products 9.3.1.4 Heat number,
9.1 Hot-rolled wire rods are regularly produced for further 9.3.1.5 Customer’s name, and
processing, and because of their nature only simple methods of 9.3.1.6 Customer’s order number.
marking, packaging, and loading are required. (1) When identification colors are specified, marking
9.1.1 The major consideration is the prevention of physical practice shall be limited to paint striping coil with one color.
damage in transit, such as bending and twisting. 9.3.2 Merchant Wire Products—It is normal practice to
9.1.2 Other wire and wire products however, are among the identify each package with the following information, as
most highly finished products of the steel industry, and applicable:
marking, packaging, and loading methods are very important. 9.3.2.1 Producer’s name, brand, or trademark,
9.1.3 Because of the many specific combinations of size, 9.3.2.2 Product name:
grades, and types supplied in wire, no standard limits for types, (1) Design or construction
diameters, weights, and coil sizes are established. Limitations (2) Style
for coil sizes are controlled by manufacturing practices and 9.3.2.3 Size,
other factors. 9.3.2.4 Type or class of coating,
9.1.4 The purchaser should give careful consideration to 9.3.2.5 Finish,
marking, packaging, and loading requirements when ordering, 9.3.2.6 Length,
and if in question about a suitable method, should consult with 9.3.2.7 Width and mesh, and
the manufacturer. Consultation is usually essential to develop 9.3.2.8 Height.
mutually satisfactory methods for packaging of specific prod-
9.3.3 Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Wire—It is normal
ucts.
practice to identify each coil or package with the following
9.2 Product Grades: information:
9.2.1 Hot-rolled rods (all grades). 9.3.3.1 Customer’s name,
9.2.2 Merchant wire products. 9.3.3.2 Customer’s order number,
9.2.3 Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel wire (in coils). 9.3.3.3 Producer’s name, brand, or trademark,
9.2.4 Carbon, alloy, and stainless steel wire (straightened 9.3.3.4 Grade, product identification or type (stainless steel
and cut). only),
9.3 Marking: 9.3.3.5 Size,

A700 − 05
FIG. 11 Securement of Hot-Rolled Rods in Individual Coils
9.3.3.6 Heat number, Package Protection

9.3.3.7 Quality (when applicable), Single coil Spiral wrap(s) up to approximate 600-lb
(272-kg) maximum weight. Protection of
9.3.3.8 Finish, and heavier coils should be negotiated with
9.3.3.9 Weight (except coil). manufacturer
When identification colors are specified, marking practice Coil on carrier Shroud
Reel-less coil Shroud
shall be limited to paint striping coil, one end of bundle or lift Wood rack Shroud
with one color. Reel Wrap(s) between flanges
Container Liner or shroud, depending on type of
9.4 Packaging: package
9.4.1 Hot-Rolled Rods in Coils are shipped as individual
coils or in coil groups. Securement of individual coils is with NOTE 1—If special finishes require additional protection, negotiate with
manufacturer.
a minimum of two twisted wire ties, or tensioned flat bands
(Fig. 11). Coil groups are secured with a minimum of two 9.4.3.1 Protective Coating—Depending upon finish, end
tensioned flat bands (Fig. 12). use, and shipping or storage conditions, oiling may be speci-
9.4.1.1 Protective Coatings—It is not standard practice to fied. The use of specified brands of oil involves special
apply protective coatings to hot-rolled rods, as the product is handling and interferes with normal processing. Spray oiling of
generally intended for further processing. packages may be helpful but affords inadequate protection
9.4.2 Merchant Wire Products are finished products sold under normal conditions. Shipment should be in closed equip-
through distributors or merchandisers and are primarily in- ment.
tended for agricultural, building and home consumption. These
9.4.4 Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Wire, Straightened
products are packaged in various ways depending upon the end
use as shown in Table 2 and Figs. 13-26. and Cut Lengths, is packed in containers, bundles, or lifts as
9.4.3 Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Wire in Coils—Wire shown in Table 4 and Figs. 38-47.
is among the most highly finished products of the steel 9.4.4.1 Protective Coatings—Oiling of straightened and cut
industry. Packaging, marking, and preservation methods are length wire requires additional handling and material. Flat wire
very important and the purchaser should give careful consid- is generally oiled for protection in transit. The use of special
eration to these requirements when ordering. Wire is drawn brands of oil involves excessive inventory of oil and disrupts
from hot-rolled rods. The choice of the wire drawing block the normal manufacturing process. Spray oiling of packages
diameter for a given wire size varies from manufacturer-to- may be helpful but affords inadequate protection under some
manufacturer and is dependent upon the equipment in the conditions.
plants and the buyer’s uncoiling equipment. Wire is commonly
produced in catchweight coils of one single length and gener- 9.5 Loading—Hot-rolled wire rods are regularly shipped in
ally wound in a counterclockwise direction. For special re- open-top equipment except material that has had special
quirements, wire may also be furnished in exact weight coils, treatment, such as cleaning and coating or oiling. Such material
exact length coils, or straightened and cut lengths. Carbon, is generally loaded in closed equipment and may require
alloy, and stainless steel wire in coils may be packaged as additional handling and material. Due to the nature and high
shown in Table 3 and Figs. 27-37. When protection is neces- finish of steel wire and wire products, they are normally
sary it should be specified, depending on finish, end use, type shipped in closed equipment. Special rail equipment, such as
of package, mode of transportation, etc. The following types of DF (damage free), compartment, and insulated cars, are suit-
protection are available when specified: able and can be used for wire products.

A700 − 05
FIG. 12 Securement of Hot-Rolled Rods in Coil Group
TABLE 2 Packaging Merchant Wire Products

Bale ties (3 to 20-ft (0.91 to 6.10-m) lengths) Ends protected, secured with spiral tie wire the entire length of the bundle (Fig. 13).
Size, gage Ties per Bundle

11 125
12, 13, and 14 250
14½, 15, 15½, 16, and 16½ 500
Baling wire:
6500-ft (1981-m) minimum length coil (100 lb One coil in self-dispensing corrugated carton (Fig. 14).
(45.4 kg) approximate weight)
3150-ft (960-m) minimum length coil (48.5 lb Two coils in corrugated box.
(22 kg) approximate weight) Note—Packaging must comply with ASAE Standard S 229 (latest revision).
Barbed wire 80-rod spool, secured with wire ties (Fig. 15).
Fence and netting In rolls secured with wire ties (Fig. 16).
Fence panels Ten sheets per bundle, inverted; five bundles per lift (Fig. 17).
Bundles secured at the four corners with wire ties.
Lift secured in the four corners with rod ties.
Fence posts Five posts per bundle, 40 or 50 bundles per lift (manufacturer’s option), secured (Fig. 18
and Fig. 19).
Bundle is secured with minimum of two flat bands.
Lift is secured with minimum of two flat bands.
Fence wire 150-lb (68-kg) catchweight coil secured with four wire ties (Fig. 20).
Fence assemblies/accessories:
End and corner posts Secured into a set.
Brace, complete with bolts Five braces per bundle.
Stretchers and tools Single unit.
Stays 100 per bundle, secured with a minimum of three ties.
Fasteners (clamps) 25 or 50 fasteners in a bag; 1000 or 2500 fasteners in a shipping bag or container
(manufacturer’s option).
Gates, complete with screws, fittings, and Single unit.
latches
Lath-tie wire One 25-lb (11-kg) bundle in corrugated box (Fig. 24).
Merchant quality wire One or more pieces of wire in a 100-lb (45-kg) coil secured with a minimum of three wire
ties or flat bands (Fig. 20).
100-lb coil group secured with a minimum of three wire ties or flat bands segregated in
increments of 10 or 25 lb (4.5 or 11 kg), each secured with three wire ties or flat bands
Fig. 20).
When specified, two or more 100-lb coils may be combined into coil groups secured with
a minimum of three wire ties or flat bands (Fig. 20).
Nails, brads, staples, spikes:
Bulk 50-lb (22-kg) corrugated box (Fig. 21).
Packaged 1 and 5-lb (0.5 and 2-kg) boxes, packed in 50-lb shipping containers (Fig. 22 and Fig.
23).
Reinforcing bar tie wire Twenty, approximate 4-lb (1.8-kg) coils in corrugated box (Fig. 25).
The following items may be furnished on pallets: baling wire, barbed wire, lath-tie wire, netting, nails, brads, staples and spikes, and reinforcing bar tie
wire (Fig. 26).

A700 − 05
FIG. 13 Bale Ties

FIG. 17 Secured Lift of Fence Panels
FIG. 18 5-Post Bundle
FIG. 14 Coil of Baling Wire and Self-Dispensing Carton

FIG. 19 Secured Lift of 5-Post Bundles
10.2.1 Mechanical tubing.

10.2.2 Pressure tubing.
10.2.3 EMT conduit.
10.2.4 Rigid conduit.
10.2.5 Standard pipe.
10.2.6 Line pipe.
10.2.7 Oil country goods.
FIG. 15 Spool of Barbed Wire 10.2.8 Couplings and fittings.
10.2.9 Stainless steel tubing and pipe.
10.3 Marking—It is normal practice to identify each piece
of large diameter steel pipe or tubing shipped loose, or each
secured lift or package of smaller sizes with the following
information:
(1) Producer’s name, brand, or trademark.
NOTE 2—The above practice is subject to modification as to standard
specifications if applicable.
10.4 Packaging:
10.4.1 Mechanical and Pressure Tubing— This product is
shipped loose or in packages (secured lifts) up to 10 000 lb
(454 kg). The type of package normally depends on the length
and surface quality of the tubing, the user handling facilities,
and the method of storage. Thin-wall, polished, or bright finish
tubing subject to possible damage during transit is furnished in
wrapped packages, frame packages, or boxes. All packages are
FIG. 16 Roll of Fence/Netting secured with tension ties. See Figs. 48-51 for types of
packages. The number of ties are shown as follows:
Length, ft (m) Minimum Number of
10. Tubular Products Ties
Up to (3.05), incl 2
10.1 Tubular products can be used in the as-shipped condi- Over 10 to 15 (3.05 to 4.57), incl 3
tion or further processed into a finished product. The end use Over 15 to 22 (4.57 to 6.71), incl 4
Over 22 to 33 (6.71 to 10.06), incl 5
directly affects the extent and types of packaging and marking Over 33 (10.06) 6
required.
NOTE 3—Sub-bundles are used for EMT conduit (10.4.2), rigid conduit
10.2 Product Grades: (10.4.3), and standard pipe (10.4.4).

A700 − 05
Single Coil Coil Group
FIG. 20 Coils of Merchant Quality Wire
FIG. 21 Corrugated Box for 50-lb Nails
FIG. 24 Bundle of Wire in Corrugated Box
FIG. 22 Box for 1-lb and 5-lb Nails
FIG. 25 Coils of Wire in Corrugated Box
are secured with either bands or tape. All packages are secured
FIG. 23 Shipping Container for Packaged Nails
with tension ties. See 10.4.1 for number of ties.
Nominal
Size, in. Pieces ft (m) Weight, lb (kg)
1⁄ 2 10 100 (30.5) 32 (14.5)
3⁄ 4 10 100 (30.5) 49 (22.2)
10.4.2 EMT Conduit—This product is normally shipped in
1 10 100 (30.5) 71 (32.2)
packages weighing 2000 lb (907 kg) or more. All EMT conduit 1 1⁄ 4 5 50 (15.2) 50 (22.7)
of 2-in. nominal diameter and smaller is sub-bundled as listed 1 1⁄ 2 5 50 (15.2) 59 (26.8)
in the following table. Before it is packaged, all sub-bundles 2 3 30 (9.1) 45 (20.4)

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FIG. 26 Typical Palletizing
TABLE 3 Packaging Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Wire in Coils

Single coil Secured with a minimum of two ties (Fig. 27).
Coil group Individually tied coils secured into a unit with minimum of two tensioned flat bands (Fig. 28).
(16 in. (406 mm) inside diameter and larger)
Coil carrierA Single or multiple coils on carrier; normally not secured to carrier (Fig. 29).
Reel-less coil Approximate 600 to 1000-lb (272 to 474-kg) coil wound on a fiber core and secured with minimum of three
tensioned flat bands; pack eye vertical on wood pallet (Fig. 30 or Fig. 32).
Wood rack Small single coils secured with minimum of two ties nested in rack. Approximate maximum weight 2000 lb (907
kg) (Fig. 31).
Fiber drum Small single coils secured with a minimum of two ties, nested in drum; or a single coil laid loose in drum.
Maximum diameter of drum 23 in. (584 mm). Approximate maximum weight 550 lb (249 kg) (Fig. 33 or Fig.
34). Available loose; or palletized on wood pallets, to improve handling (see Fig. 36).
Pay-off drum Single coil laid in drum with a fiber core. Core diameters: 11, 111⁄2, 13, or 16 in. (279, 292, 330, or 406 mm).
Maximum diameter of drum 23 in. (584 mm). Approximate maximum weight 550 lb (249 kg) (Fig. 35).
Available loose; or palletized on wood pallets, to improve handling (see Fig. 36).
Reel Single or multiple lengths wound on a reel. Reel size and weight vary by product and manufacturer (Fig. 37).
A
List of commonly used sizes of coil carriers:
Arbor Base Height Tube Diameter and Gage Identification

11 23 35 1 × 16 pink
*13 23 35 1 × 16 orange
13 32 46 11⁄4 × 13 purple
*15 32 46 11⁄4 × 13 green
*163⁄4 36 48 11⁄4 × 13 yellow
*18½ 37 46 11⁄4 × 13 red
201⁄2 34 46 11⁄4 × 13 white
22½ 42 46 11⁄4 × 13 aluminum
*221⁄2 42 46 15⁄8 × 13 blue
*26 50 50 15⁄8 × 13 brown
*30 50 50 15⁄8 × 13 black
*Preferred sizes.
FIG. 27 Single Coil, Bare FIG. 28 Coil Group, Bare
10.4.3 Rigid Conduit—This product is normally shipped in Nominal

packages weighing 2000 lb (907 kg) or more. All rigid conduit Size, in. Pieces ft (m) Weight, lb (kg)
1⁄ 2 10 100 (30.5) 79 (35.8)
of 11⁄2-in. nominal diameter and smaller is sub-bundled as in 3⁄ 4 5 50 (15.2) 53 (24.0)
the following table. Before it is packaged, all sub-bundles are 1 5 50 (15.2) 77 (34.9)
secured with either bands or tape. All packages are secured 1 1⁄ 4 3 30 (9.1) 60 (27.2)
with tension ties. See 10.4.1 for number of ties. 1 1⁄ 2 3 30 (9.1) 75 (34.0)

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coating (see 4.6.4). The purchaser may order the pipe shipped
bare or with other coatings.
10.4.5 Couplings and Fittings:
10.4.5.1 Conduit Couplings and Fittings—These products
are generally shipped on wires, in burlap sacks, or corrugated
fiberboard cartons, dependent upon quantities. The weight of a
carton generally does not exceed 200 lb (91 kg).
10.4.5.2 Pipe Couplings—These are generally shipped in
either burlap sacks or wooden boxes, dependent upon quanti-
ties. The weight of a wooden box generally does not exceed
600 lb (272 kg).
10.4.5.3 Pipe Fittings—These are generally shipped loose,
in burlap sacks, in wooden boxes, in corrugated fiberboard
cartons, on pallets, and by other acceptable means at the option
of the manufacturer.
10.4.6 Stainless Steel Tubular Products:
FIG. 29 Single Coil, Bare on Coil Carrier 10.4.6.1 Stainless steel tubular products are variously pack-
aged according to product, finish, size, and method of ship-
ment. Stainless steel tubular products are pipe, pressure tubing,
mechanical tubing, and structural tubing (including ornamen-
tal). Finishes are as-produced (welded or seamless), annealed
and pickled, cold finished, ground and polished, and ornamen-
tal (including stainless clad). Due to the many sizes, grades,
and finishes produced, the purchaser should give careful
attention to the packaging, marking, and loading methods when
ordering: if in doubt about a suitable method, the purchaser
should consult with the supplier.
10.4.6.2 Stainless steel tubular products are packaged in
bundles, boxes, or protective containers. Tubes over 6 in. in
FIG. 30 Reel-less Coils outside diameter may be shipped loose. Packages may be
wrapped or bare. Length, outside diameter, wall, finish, and
method of shipment will determine the most suitable packaging
method. Polished tubing is always packed in boxes or contain-
ers of wood or other suitable material.
10.4.6.3 Bundles—If tubing is shipped in such quantities
that a risk of its being bent, crushed, or distorted from handling
exists, the bundle may require additional support. Bundles are
normally secured with flat steel bands but other suitable
materials may be used. The amount of securement required is
dependent upon length and weight of bundle.
10.4.6.4 Containers—Special finishes, quantities ordered,
methods of transportation, or other factors may require special
containers such as fiberboard or clipboard tubes, fiberboard
FIG. 31 Coils Nested in Wood Rack boxes, wooden boxes or crates, or similar containers.
10.5 Weather Protection—Wrapping, shrouding, or cover-
ing pipe involves additional labor and material. However,
10.4.4 Standard Pipe, Line Pipe, and Oil Country Goods— when outside diameter or inside diameter surfaces are critical,
These products in sizes 11⁄2 in. nominal diameter and smaller shrouding of rail shipments and tarping of trucks is normal
may be shipped in sub-bundles as shown in Table 5 or in larger practice. Some amount of dirt and oxidation may be expected
lifts as requested. Sub-bundles are secured with soft annealed on black or galvanized pipe and tubes noncoated, or, when
wire, tape or secured with tension ties. A minimum of two ties coated with nondrying coating, regardless of the type of
are used for lengths 22 ft (6.71 m) or less and a minimum of protection specified.
three ties for lengths over 22 ft. Sub-bundles may be shipped in 10.6 Loading—Certain steel tubular products are regularly
packages (secured lifts) of up to 10 000 lb (4540 kg). Larger shipped unprotected in open top-cars. It is common practice to
sizes are shipped loose. Thread protectors are used as indicated load pipe nested without separators, except for external upset
in Table 6. pipe and tubing. Consideration should be given to using
10.4.4.1 Protective Coatings—Standard pipe, line pipe, and wood-lined, high-end, bulkheaded, gondola cars for added
oil country goods are normally protected with a varnish-type protection. Securing or separating pipe into lifts, separating

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FIG. 32 Reel-less Coils
FIG. 35 Single Length Coil in Pay-Off Drum
FIG. 33 Coils Nested in Fiber Drum
FIG. 34 Coil in Fiber Drum

FIG. 36 Palletized Drums
sizes and quantities, requires additional handling and material. 11.1.4 Floor plates.
Loading tubular products in closed cars or closed trucks
requires additional handling. Loading small outside diameter 11.2 Marking—It is normal practice to identify each piece,
pipe on flat cars requires additional labor and material. lift, or coil with those requirements as specified in applicable
specifications (ASTM, ASME, and so forth).
11. Plates 11.3 Packaging and Loading:
11.1 Product Grades: 11.3.1 It is regular practice to load carbon, high-strength
11.1.1 Carbon, high-strength low-alloy, and alloy steel low-alloy, and alloy steel plates unprotected in open-top
plates, cut length. equipment. When specified, loading in closed cars requires
11.1.2 Carbon and alloy steel plate in coils. additional labor and handling. Carbon, high-strength low-alloy,
11.1.3 Stainless steel plates. and alloy steel plates are regularly loaded in unsecured lifts.

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ments, the end use of the material, the quantity involved, and
the methods of transportation. The purchaser should give
careful consideration to the marking, packaging, and loading
requirements when ordering and, if in question, about a
suitable method, should consult with the manufacturer.
12.1.1 Suitable Lifts—In order to facilitate handling, the
manufacturer generally prepares these products into lifts or
packages so that various mechanical handling equipment can
be utilized to advantage. The maximum acceptable package
weight should be specified whenever possible, because the
heavier packages withstand transportation hazards better and
result in greater economy for both the manufacturer and the
purchaser. The recommended minimum weight for single lift
packages is 10 000 lb (4.5 Mg). Lifts lighter than 10 000 lb
require additional labor, material, and handling.
FIG. 37 Wire on Reel 12.1.2 Skid Arrangements and Platforms—Figs. 52-59 show
packages on skids only, but platforms may be used when
required. Suitable arrangements of skids and platforms are
Loading plates in lifts weighing less than 5 tons (4.5 Mg) covered in 12.5.
involves additional labor and handling. The method used to
maintain the unity of unsecured lifts is best determined by the 12.2 Product Grades:
shipper’s experience. An example of a suitable method is the 12.2.1 Carbon steels.
staggering of lifts. Segregation of sizes and items involves 12.2.2 Alloy steels.
additional handling, often causes congestion in the manufac- 12.2.3 Electrical steels.
turer’s plant, and may retard production. Such segregation is 12.2.4 Metallic coated (except in mill products).
not considered feasible. The use of special or particular 12.2.5 Nonmetallic coated.
methods of loading or blocking and specifying the use of bands 12.2.6 Painted.
and wire ties to secure lifts disrupts the normal packaging and 12.2.7 Stainless steels.
loading procedures. This requires additional labor and materi- 12.3 Marking—It is normal practice to identify each coil,
als. group of coils, or lift of cut lengths with the following
11.3.2 Carbon and Alloy Steel Plates in Coils are secured information:
with a minimum of either one circumferential tie and one eye 12.3.1 Producer’s name, brand, or trademark,
tie or with two eye ties. 12.3.2 Width and gage or thickness,
11.3.3 Stainless Steel Plates—Packaging requirements of
12.3.3 Product type,
stainless steel plates are determined by the method of trans-
12.3.4 Weight (except strip, coil),
portation, the finish specified, and the dimensions of the plates.
12.3.5 Customer’s name, and
Stainless steel hot-rolled and hot-rolled annealed plates are
12.3.6 Customer’s order number.
shipped loose, or when specified, in secured lifts and are loaded
in open-top equipment. When processed beyond the as-rolled Stainless steel coils and cut lengths are also identified with
or annealed condition, such as by pickling or blast cleaning, the the following:
plates may also be shrouded or tarped if specified on the order 12.3.7 Finish, and
or contract. Cold-rolled stainless steel plates may require 12.3.8 Heat number or coil number.
greater protection such as wrapping or shrouding and the use of 12.4 Packaging:
skids or platforms. Polished stainless steel plates are boxed 12.4.1 Carbon Steel Sheets, Cut Lengths:
when shipped in small quantities. Larger quantities are pack- 12.4.1.1 Bare—Fig. 60 and Fig. 61 illustrate suitable meth-
aged on skids or platforms and are paper wrapped and may ods of packaging carbon steel sheets in unsecured lift and
have additional protection when necessary. secured lift, bare. Hot-rolled carbon steel sheets, not pickled, in
11.3.4 Floor Plates are handled in the same manner as heavier gages can be shipped in unsecured lifts as illustrated by
carbon and alloy steel plates. Fig. 60 or in secured lifts as illustrated by Fig. 61.
12.4.1.2 Bare on Skids—Fig. 52 and Fig. 53 illustrate
12. Sheets and Strip suitable methods of packaging bare unwrapped carbon steel
12.1 Sheets and strip, in cut lengths, coils, and circles, are sheet on lengthwise and crosswise skids for handling with
among the most highly finished products of the steel industry. mechanical equipment. When protection of surface is impor-
Because of their nature and the exacting uses to which such tant, packaging bare as illustrated by these methods is not
products are put, the marking, packaging, and loading methods recommended and, when specified, the responsibility for dam-
are very important. The many sizes, grades, and finishes age due to inadequate protection rests with the purchaser. The
produced require various methods of packaging and loading, customary weight of this package is 10 000 lb (4.5 Mg) or
along with surface and weather protection. The methods more. Lengthwise skids are not used on sheets over 192 in.
exemplified in this section recognize these general require- (4.88 m) long or less than 22 in. (559 mm) wide.

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TABLE 4 Packaging Table for Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Wire, Straightened and Cut LengthsA
Length, in. (mm) Package Approximate Weight, lb (kg)
Bundle/Lift Package
12 (305) and under loose in corrugated box (Fig. 38) ... 125 (57) max
Over 12 to 36 (305 to 914), incl loose in container (Fig. 47) ... 1500 to 1800
(680 to 816)
Over 12 to 18 (305 to 457), incl hand bundles 25 to 50 (11 to 23) ...
Over 18 to 36 (457 to 914), incl hand bundles 50 to 100 (23 to 45) ...
in containers (Fig. 47) ... 1500 to 1800
(680 to 816)
on skids ... 2000 (907)
on platform (Fig. 44) ... 2000 (907)
Over 36 (914) hand bundles (Fig. 39)
loose 100 to 200 (45 to 91) ...
secured lifts (Fig. 43) 4000 to 6000 (1814 to 2722) ...
Over 36 to 96 (914 to 2438) secured lift (Fig. 42) 2000 to 4000 (907 to 1814) ...
Over 96 (2438) secured lift 4000 to 6000 (1814 to 2722) ...
Securement—The number of bands or wire ties depends upon the length and weight of the lift or bundle, or both, as follows:
Number
Length, ft (m) of Ties
8 (2.44) and under 2
Over 8 to 16 (2.44 to 4.88), incl 3
Over 16 to 20 (4.88 to 6.10), incl 4
Over 20 (6.10) 5
ProtectionA —Where protection is required, wire may be packaged as follows:
Package Protection
Hand bundles Ends wrapped (Fig. 40)
Hand bundles Wrapped entire length (Fig. 41)
Lifts Shrouded (Fig. 45)
Lifts Wrapped (Fig. 46)
Loose or hand bundles Special containers constructed of fiber-
board, chipboard, wood, or other
suitable material. Containers are to
be lined when required (Fig. 47).
A
Some manufacturers determine type of packaging and protection by gage and other factors, and these should be considered in ordering.
FIG. 38 Short Lengths of Straightened and Cut Wire in Corru-

gated Box
FIG. 40 Hand Bundle of Wire, Ends Wrapped
FIG. 41 Hand Bundle of Wire, Wrapped Entire Length
covered. Sheets lighter than 11 to 16 gage (2.30 to 1.29 mm),

inclusive, for shipment in open-top equipment may be covered
as illustrated by this figure, which requires additional labor and
material. This type of packaging is not used for highly finished
FIG. 39 Hand Bundle of Wire, Bare sheets for shipment in open-top equipment.
12.4.1.4 Wrapped—Fig. 55 illustrates a suitable method of
wrapping sheet packages. Hot-rolled pickled, and other more
12.4.1.3 Covered—Fig. 54 illustrates a suitable method for highly finished sheets, for shipment in open-top equipment
covered sheet packages. The bottom of the package is not may be wrapped as illustrated by this figure.

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FIG. 42 Secured Lift of Wire, Bare
FIG. 43 Secured Lift of Hand Bundles of Wire, Bare
FIG. 46 Wrapped Lift of Wire
the skids, and extending the full dimension of the sheets. The
FIG. 44 Hand Bundles of Wire, Secured to Skids or Platforms individual lift weight in this type of package is generally not
less than 2000 lb (907 kg), and the total weight of the multiple
lift package is usually not less than 10 000 lb. The individual
lifts are not tied, covered, or wrapped. Fig. 56 shows length-
wise skids and separators, but crosswise skids and separators
may be used.
12.4.1.6 Short-Length or Narrow-Width Sheets,
Crosswise—Fig. 57 illustrates a suitable method of packaging
short length or narrow width sheets arranged crosswise, side by
side, into secured lifts. Minimum weight of secured lift for
such package is 10 000 lb (4.5 Mg). This package is recom-
FIG. 45 Shrouded Lift of Wire
mended for short sheets 48 in. (1.22 m) or less in length or
narrow sheets under 22 in. (559 mm) in width. Suitable vertical
separators between piles are used when required. When
12.4.1.5 Multiple Lift—Fig. 56 illustrates a method of pack- handled as a unit lift, this package should be handled with a
aging two or more smaller lifts into a secured lift. This method, sheet lifter. Fig. 57 shows material piled on skids. Platforms
because of the higher center of gravity of the unit and a may also be used when required; however, such packaging
tendency for the wood separators to mark the steel, is less requires additional labor and material. Fig. 57 also shows a
desirable than the conventional single lift of 10 000 lb (4.5 method of wrapping such a package when protection of steel in
Mg). Such packaging requires additional labor and materials. open-top equipment requires it to be fully wrapped.
Separators are usually from 1 to 2 in. (25 to 51 mm) in 12.4.1.7 Short-Length Sheets, Lengthwise, End to End—Fig.
thickness and from 2 to 4 in. (51 to 102 mm) wide, aligned with 58 illustrates a suitable method of packaging short-length

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FIG. 47 Loose or Hand Bundles of Wire in Containers
of sheets may be required for preservation of the surface. Such

protection, when specified, requires additional labor and ma-
terial.
12.4.2 Carbon Steel Sheets, Coils:
12.4.2.1 General—All coil weights are subject to mill
manufacturing limits. When individual coil weights are re-
quired, narrow sheet coils are generally weighed in groups and
the weight of the group averaged over the number of coils in
FIG. 48 Secured Lift the group. This average is not intended to be the actual weight
of each individual coil of the group. Weighing such coils
sheets arranged lengthwise end to end into secured lifts. This individually, recording, and marking the weight of each coil
package is generally not used for sheets under 22 in. (559 mm) requires additional time and handling. Individual coils are
in width; otherwise, the method of packaging is similar to that usually secured with one to four flat steel bands. Hot-rolled
shown for short length or narrow width sheets, crosswise, Fig. coils are regularly shipped in the as-rolled condition, unpro-
57. When handled as a unit lift, this package should be handled tected, in open-top equipment. It is not standard practice to ship
with a sheet lifter. Fig. 59 illustrates a suitable method of hot-rolled coils on platforms. Hot-rolled pickled or other
packaging narrow long sheets side by side. highly finished sheet coils may be packaged on platforms when
12.4.1.8 Protective Materials—Hot-rolled pickled and bet- required. However, the use of platforms requires additional
ter grades may require protection from contact with separator labor and material. Supporting coils with special cores, or
or skid lumber. Wrapping sheets with more than one layer of placing coils on spools, requires additional labor and material.
paper requires additional labor and materials. On highly Wrapping narrow coils individually requires additional labor
finished sheets, protection against band seal damage is recom- and material.
mended. Protecting sheets with metal wrapping, or the use of 12.4.2.2 Bare, Unwrapped, Individual Coils—Fig. 64 illus-
metal protector sheets on top or bottom, or both, of lift or trates a suitable method of packaging individual hot-rolled
package involves additional labor and material. sheet coil in the as-rolled condition. Fig. 65 illustrates a method
12.4.1.9 Protective Coatings—Oiling to customers’ specifi- of packaging often used on more highly finished coils.
cations requires additional labor and material. 12.4.2.3 Bare, Unwrapped, Coil Group Package—Fig. 66
12.4.1.10 Weather Protection: illustrates a suitable method of packaging two or more narrow
(1) Open-Top Equipment, General—Experience has shown sheet coils into a coil group package. Securing sheet coils into
that the amount of weather protection required for shipping specified groups requires additional labor and material.
sheets in open-top equipment depends upon the quality, size, 12.4.2.4 Coils, Bare Unwrapped, on Platform—Fig. 67
and method of transportation. Hot-rolled sheets, due to their illustrates a suitable method of packaging bare unwrapped
nature, are not generally protected from the weather when sheet coils on skeleton platform with the eye of the coils
loaded in open-top equipment. Hot-rolled pickled and more vertical. The use of separators between coils requires addi-
highly finished sheets are regularly wrapped and shrouded tional labor and material.
when loaded on open-top equipment. Such wrapping and 12.4.2.5 Wrapped Individual Coil—Fig. 68 illustrates a
shrouding requires additional labor and material. Truck tarpau- suitably wrapped individual sheet coil with eye of the coil
lins are considered to be the equivalent of waterproof paper horizontal. Wrapping coils requires additional labor and mate-
shrouding. rial.
(2) Shrouded Package Open-Top Equipment—Fig. 62 and 12.4.2.6 Wrapped Individual Coil on Cradle Platform—Fig.
Fig. 63 illustrate suitable methods of shrouding lifts of cut- 69 illustrates a suitably wrapped individual coil on cradle
length sheets for shipment in open-top equipment. platform with the eye of the coil horizontal.
(3) Covered or Closed Equipment (General)—While this 12.4.2.7 Wrapped Individual Coil on Platform—Fig. 70
type of equipment is recommended for rail and affords better illustrates a suitably wrapped individual coil on platform with
protection from the elements, covering, wrapping, or shrouding the eye of the coil vertical.

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FIG. 49 Rectangular Package
FIG. 50 Frame Package
TABLE 5 Pieces, Feet, and Weight per Sub-bundle for Standard

Pipe, Line Pipe, and Oil Country GoodsA
Nominal Size, in. Pieces ft (m) Weight,
lb (kg)
⁄
18 30 630 (192) 151 (69)
⁄
14 24 504 (154) 212 (96)
3⁄ 8 18 378 (115) 215 (98)
1⁄ 2 12 252 (77) 214 (97)
3⁄ 4 7 147 (45) 166 (75)
1 5 105 (32) 176 (80)
FIG. 51 Hexagonal Package 1 1⁄ 4 3 63 (19) 144 (65)
1 1⁄ 2 3 63 (19) 172 (78)
Extra Strong Pipe:
1⁄ 8 30 630 (192) 195 (89)
12.4.2.8 Surface Protection: 1⁄ 4 24 504 (154) 272 (123)
3⁄ 8 18 378 (115) 280 (127)
(1) Oiling—Oiling coils to customer’s specifications re- 1⁄ 2 12 252 (77) 275 (125)
quires additional labor and material. 3⁄ 4 7 147 (45) 216 (98)
12.4.3 Circles: 1 5 105 (32) 228 (104)
12.4.3.1 General—Fig. 71 illustrates suitably wrapped or 1 1⁄ 4 3 63 (19) 189 (86)
1 1⁄ 2 3 63 (19) 229 (104)
covered sheet circles on skeleton platform. Circles 17 in. (432 Double Extra Strong
mm) and over in diameter are packaged single pile on square Pipe:
1⁄ 2 7 147 (45) 251 (114)
or round platforms, or on crossed skids. To avoid top heavi- 3⁄ 4 5 105 (32) 256 (116)
ness, the maximum height of the single pile package should not 1 3 63 (19) 230 (104)
exceed the diameter of the circle. Circles under 17 in. in 1 1⁄ 4 3 63 (19) 328 (149)
1 1⁄ 2 3 63 (19) 404 (184)
diameter may be packaged in several piles on square or
A
rectangular platforms. Other bundling practices may be available, subject to agreement between the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
12.4.3.2 Weather Protection:
(1) Hot-rolled pickled and more highly finished sheet coils
are regularly wrapped and shrouded when loaded in open-top
equipment. Such wrapping and shrouding requires additional labor and material. Truck tarpaulins are considered to be the

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TABLE 6 Thread Protection for Standard Pipe, Line Pipe, and Oil (1) No. 1 Finish, 0.0418 in. (1.062 mm) and thicker, on
Country Goods
skids.
Types of Pipe Nominal Size (2) No. 1 Finish, under 0.0418 in. (1.062 mm) on skeleton
11⁄2 in. and 2 to 31⁄2 in., 4 in. and
Smaller incl Over
platforms.
When protection of surface is important, wrapped packages, as
Standard pipe none none threads pro- illustrated by these methods, are not recommended. Suitable
tectedA arrangements of skids and platforms are shown in Fig. 52 to
Standard pipe, none threads pro- threads pro-
reamed and tectedA tectedA Fig. 59 and Table 7 and Table 8.
drifted
12.4.4.4 Cut Lengths, Fully Enclosed Packages 5000 lb
Line pipe threads pro- threads pro- threads pro-
tectedB tectedA tectedA (2268 kg) and Heavier—Fig. 74 illustrates a suitable method of
Oil country pipe threads pro- threads pro- threads pro- packaging steel sheets in a fully enclosed package on a
tectedC tectedD tectedD
A
skeleton platform, using wood materials. Other materials used
Thread protectors are used on pipe threads not protected by a coupling.
B
Either burlap cloth or waterproof paper is used to wrap the ends of sub-bundles are hardboard, composition board, fiberboard, plywood, angles
or lifts, or thread protectors are used to protect exposed threads. and channels, depending on the materials available, the type of
C
Burlap cloth or waterproof paper is used to wrap the end of sub-bundles or lifts
to protect the exposed threads.
package, and the discretion of the shipper. This package is
D
Thread protectors are used on pipe threads not protected by a coupling. The designed for lifts 5000 lb and over, and is recommended for
exposed coupling threads are protected with either a protective coating or thread maximum protection of all domestic shipments of all gages and
protectors.
finishes. Sideboards are not usually needed if material is less
than 1 in. (25 mm) piling height.
12.4.4.5 Cut Lengths, Boxed—Fig. 75 illustrates a suitable
equivalent of waterproof paper shrouding.
method of packaging steel sheets in a wooden box of suitable
(2) Covered or Closed Equipment (General)—While this
solid protective material to provide an entirely closed flat
type of equipment affords better protection from the elements,
covering, wrapping, or shrouding of sheets may be required for container. This type container is designed for maximum
preservation of the surface. Such protection, when specified, protection of small quantities of all grades, gages, and finishes.
requires additional labor and material. 12.4.4.6 Surface Protection:
12.4.3.3 Loading: (1) Protective Coverings—The usual method of protecting
(1) Open-Top Equipment (General)—Hot-rolled sheet surfaces is to interleave with nonabrasive antitarnish paper.
coils, due to their nature, are not generally protected from the Protection of surfaces by means of gluing or pasting paper or
weather when loaded in open-top equipment. otherwise applying protective coverings requires additional
12.4.4 Stainless Steel Sheets, Cut Lengths: labor and material. Protecting sheets with metal wrapping or
12.4.4.1 General—The minimum net weight for conven- the use of metal protector sheets on top or bottom, or both, of
tional single-lift packages of stainless sheets depends on the lift or package requires additional labor and material.
type of package specified. Small amounts regardless of finish 12.4.5 Stainless Steel Sheets, Coils:
are regularly packaged in boxes.
12.4.4.2 Cut Lengths, Bare—Fig. 52 and Fig. 53 illustrate 12.4.5.1 Bare Unwrapped Individual Coil—Fig. 64 illus-
suitable methods of packaging bare, unwrapped, stainless steel trates a suitable method of packaging individual stainless steel
sheets on lengthwise and crosswise skids. The figures show the hot-rolled sheet coil in the as-rolled condition. This type of
package on skids only, but skeleton deck platforms are also packaging is confined to hot-rolled or hot-rolled annealed
used when required. The recommended weight for this type material.
package is 5000 lb (2268 kg) or more. Finishes and gages 12.4.5.2 Wrapped Individual Coil—Fig. 68 illustrates a
generally confined to this type of package are: suitable method of packaging fully wrapped individual stain-
(1) No. 1 Finish, 0.0418 in. (1.062 mm) and thicker, on less steel sheet coil with eye of coil horizontal. This type of
skids. packaging is not recommended for light gage material or for
(2) No. 1 Finish, under 0.0418 in. (1.062 mm), on skeleton any material when protection of the surface is important.
platforms. Stainless steel coils, No. 1 Finish, 0.062 in. (1.57 mm) and
When protection of surface is important, packaging bare, as thicker, are generally confined to this type of package. For
illustrated by these methods, is not recommended. Suitable thinner gages, platforms are recommended.
arrangements of skids and platforms are shown by Fig. 52 to 60
12.4.5.3 Bare Individual Coil on Cradle Platform—Fig. 76
and Table 7 and Table 8.
illustrates a suitable method of packaging bare, unwrapped,
12.4.4.3 Cut Lengths, Wrapped—Fig. 72 and Fig. 73 illus-
trate suitably wrapped stainless steel sheets on lengthwise and individual stainless steel sheet coil on cradle platform with the
crosswise skids. The illustrations show the package on skids eye of the coil horizontal. This method of packaging provides
only, but skeleton deck platforms are also used when required. adequate protection for most grades and gages, when surface
Skeleton deck platforms may have either lengthwise or cross- protection is not important.
wise runners. The customary weight of this type package is 12.4.5.4 Wrapped Individual Coil on Cradle Platform—Fig.
5000 lb (2268 kg) or more. Finishes and gages generally 69 illustrates a suitable method of packaging a wrapped
confined to this type of package are: individual stainless steel coil on a cradle platform with the eye

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FIG. 52 Bare Package on Lengthwise Skids
FIG. 53 Bare Package on Crosswise Skids
FIG. 54 Covered Package on Skids
of the coil horizontal. This method of packaging is recom- 12.4.5.7 Boxed on Platform with Eye of Coil Vertical—Fig.
mended for practically all domestic usage and for most finishes 78 illustrates a suitable method of packaging individual sheet
and gages. Gages and finishes requiring additional protection coil or group of sheet coils in solid box, on platform, with the
should be boxed. eye of the coil vertical. This type of package, an entirely
12.4.5.5 Bare Individual Coil on Platform—Fig. 77 illus- enclosed container made of suitable solid material, is recom-
trates a suitable method of packaging bare unwrapped indi- mended for maximum protection of all finishes and gages.
vidual sheet coil on platform with the eye of the coil vertical. 12.4.5.8 Surface Protection:
This method of packaging provides adequate protection for (1) Protective Coatings—The usual method of protecting
most grades and gages, when surface protection is not impor- surfaces is to interleave with nonabrasive antitarnish paper.
tant. Protection of surfaces by means of gluing or pasting paper, or
12.4.5.6 Wrapped Individual Coil on Platform—Fig. 70 otherwise applying protective coverings, requires additional
illustrates a suitably wrapped individual stainless steel coil on labor and material. Spiral wrapping is not applied to stainless
platform with the eye of the coil vertical. This method of steel sheet coils. The use of metal protective wrapping on coils
packaging provides adequate protection for most grades and requires additional labor and material.
gages. 12.4.6 Stainless Steel Sheets, Circles:

A700 − 05
FIG. 55 Wrapped Package on Skids
12.4.6.4 Boxes Wrapped Multiple Piles of Circles on

Platform—Fig. 81 illustrates a suitable method of packaging
multiple piles of stainless steel sheet circles in a box on a solid
deck platform.
12.4.6.5 Surface Protection:
(1) Protective Coverings—The usual method of protecting
surfaces is to interleave with nonabrasive antitarnish paper.
Protection of surfaces by means of gluing or pasting paper, or
otherwise applying protective coverings, requires additional
labor and material.
12.4.6.6 Loading—Due to the nature of stainless products,
shipment in covered or closed equipment is recommended. If
shipped in open-top equipment, shrouding of the package or
load is recommended.
12.4.7 Carbon Steel Strip, Cut Lengths:
FIG. 56 Multiple-Lift Package on Skids 12.4.7.1 Bare Oval Lift—Fig. 3 illustrates a suitable method
of packaging narrow hot-rolled steel strip, 5 in. (127 mm) or
less in width, into conventional oval lifts.
12.4.7.2 Secured Lift, Strip Lengthwise—Fig. 59 illustrates a
12.4.6.1 Circles, Bare Unwrapped Single Pile on suitable method of packaging narrow steel strip piled length-
Platform—Fig. 79 illustrates a suitable method of packaging a wise on crosswide skids, in multiple rows, into secured lift. The
single pile of bare stainless steel sheet circles on skeleton illustration shows material piled on skids, but skeleton plat-
platform. This type of packaging is generally confined to No. 1 forms are also used when required. Such packaging requires
Finishes 0.062 in. (1.57 mm) and thicker. This package is not additional labor and material. Light-gage reinforcing shields or
recommended for light gage material or for any material when channels are used to maintain alignment of strip in the piles.
protection of surface is important. Fig. 59 also shows the method of wrapping packages when
protection of steel is required for shipping in open-top equip-
12.4.6.2 Circles, Wrapped Single Pile on Platform—Fig. 71
ment.
illustrates a suitable method of packaging wrapped stainless
steel sheet circles on skeleton platform. This type of package is
(1) Oiling—Oiling to customer’s specifications requires
generally recommended for practically all domestic usage, for
additional labor and material.
all gages and finishes. (2) Protective Coverings—Wrapping strip with more than
12.4.6.3 Circles, Multiple Piles on Platform, Covered with one layer of paper has been found unnecessary for satisfactory
Corrugated Fiberboard—Fig. 80 illustrates a typical method of delivery.
packaging multiple piles of stainless steel circles on platforms, 12.4.7.4 Loading:
covered with corrugated fiberboard. This type of package is (1) Open-Top Equipment, General—Hot-rolled strip, due
generally recommended for practically all domestic usage and to its nature, is not protected from the weather when loaded in
for all gages and finishes in lots of 2000 lb (907 kg) or more. open-top equipment. It is recommended that hot-rolled pickled
Quantities less than 2000 lb should be packaged in individual and more highly finished strip be covered or shrouded when
piles or in boxes. loaded in open-top equipment. When specified, such protection

A700 − 05
FIG. 57 Suitable Package for Short-Length or Narrow-Width Sheets on Skids
FIG. 58 Suitable Package for Short-Length Sheets Lengthwise, End to End, on Skids
requires additional labor and material. Truck tarpaulins are

considered to be the equivalent of waterproof paper shrouding.
(2) Covered or Closed Equipment, General—While this
type of equipment affords better protection from the elements,
covering, wrapping, or shrouding of strip may be required for
preservation of the surface. Such protection, when specified,
requires additional labor and material.
12.4.8 Carbon Steel Strip, Coils:
12.4.8.1 General—All coil weights are subject to mill
manufacturing limits. When individual coil weights are re-
quired, coils are generally weighed in groups, and the weight of
the group averaged over the number of coils in the group. This
average is not intended to be the actual weight of each
individual coil of the group. Weighing coils individually,
recording, and marking the weight of each coil require addi- FIG. 59 Suitable Package for Narrow Long Sheets Side by Side,
tional time and handling. Individual coils are usually secured on Skids
with one to four flat steel bands. Hot-rolled coils are regularly
shipped in the as-rolled condition, unprotected, in open-top

A700 − 05
FIG. 60 Suitable Method of Packaging Carbon Steel Sheets in Unsecured Lift, Bare
FIG. 61 Suitable Method of Packaging Carbon Steel Sheets in Secured Lift, Bare
FIG. 63 Suitable Shrouded Package of Cut-Length Sheets, Wired

FIG. 62 Suitable Shrouded Package of Cut-Length Sheets,
Banded
12.4.8.4 Coils on Platforms—Fig. 86 illustrates a suitable

method of packaging narrow-strip coils on skeleton platform
equipment. It is not regular practice to ship hot-rolled coils on with the eye of the coils vertical. The illustration shows the
platforms. When specified, the use of platforms requires package on skeleton platform. Placing individual coils or
additional labor and material. Supporting coils with special stacking coils on platforms requires additional labor and
cores or placing coils on spools requires additional labor and material. Separators between coils decrease the security of the
material. package, and requires additional labor and material.
12.4.8.2 Individual Narrow Strip Coils—Fig. 82, Fig. 83, 12.4.8.5 Coils Wrapped—Fig. 87 illustrates suitably
and Fig. 84 illustrate suitable methods of packaging individual wrapped individual strip coils or groups of coils. Wrapping
narrow-strip coils. individual coils or wrapping or shrouding coil group packages
12.4.8.3 Bare Unwrapped Coil Group Package—Fig. 85 requires additional labor and material.
illustrates a suitable method of packaging narrow-strip coils 12.4.8.6 Bare Coils in Container—Fig. 88 illustrates a
into a coil group package. Banding coils into coil group suitable method of packaging narrow-strip coils in a container
package requires additional labor and material. with the eye of the coils vertical. This type of package is an

A700 − 05
FIG. 67 Suitable Packaging of Bare Unwrapped Sheet Coils on

FIG. 64 Suitable Method of Packaging Individual Hot-Rolled Skeleton Platform with the Eye of the Coils Vertical
Sheet or Strip Coil in the As-Rolled Condition
FIG. 65 Suitable Packaging of Highly Finished Individual Coil
FIG. 68 Suitably Wrapped Individual Sheet Coil with Eye of the

Coil Horizontal
FIG. 69 Suitably Wrapped Individual Coil on Cradle Platform with

the Eye of the Coil Horizontal
FIG. 66 Suitable Packaging of Two or More Narrow Sheet Coils
into a Coil Group Package
(2) Protective Coverings—Wrapping coils requires addi-
tional labor and material. Wrapping individual coils or groups
entirely enclosed container made of suitable solid materials, of coils with more than one layer of paper has been found
and is designed for maximum protection of all finishes and unnecessary for satisfactory delivery. The use of metal protec-
gages. tive wrapping on coils requires additional labor and material.
12.4.8.7 Surface Protection: 12.4.8.8 Loading:
(1) Oiling—Oiling coils to customer’s specifications re- (1) Open-Top Equipment, General—Hot-rolled strip
quires additional labor and material. coils, due to their nature, are not generally protected from the

A700 − 05
the surface. Such protection, when specified, requires addi-
tional labor and material.
12.4.9 Stainless Steel Strip, Cut Lengths:
12.4.9.1 Cut Lengths, Bare—Fig. 89 and Fig. 90 illustrate
suitable methods of packaging bare unwrapped stainless steel
strip on crosswise skids or platforms. The recommended
weight of this type package is 5000 lb (2268 kg) or more.
Finishes and gages generally confined to this type of package
are:
(1) No. 1 Finish, 0.0418 in. (1.062 mm) and thicker, on
skids.
(2) No. 1 Finish, under 0.0418 in. (1.062 mm), on
skeleton platforms.
FIG. 70 Suitably Wrapped Individual Coil on Platform with the When protection of surface is important, packaging bare, as
Eye of the Coil Vertical
illustrated by these methods, is not recommended. Suitable
arrangement of skids and platforms is described in 12.5.
12.4.9.2 Cut Lengths, Wrapped—Fig. 59 and Fig. 91 illus-
trate suitably wrapped stainless steel strip on crosswise skids or
platforms. Platforms may have either lengthwise or crosswise
runners. The recommended weight of this type package is 5000
lb (2268 kg) or more. Finishes and gages generally confined to
this type of package are:
(1) No. 1 Finish, 0.0418 in. (1.062 mm) and thicker, on
skids.
(2) No. 1 Finish, under 0.0418 in. (1.062 mm), on
skeleton platforms.
When protection of surface is important, packages wrapped, as
illustrated by these methods, are not recommended. Suitable
arrangement of skids and platforms is shown in 12.5.
12.4.9.3 Cut Lengths, Fully Enclosed Package 5000 lb
(2268 kg) and Heavier—Fig. 92 illustrates a suitable method of
packaging stainless steel strip in a fully enclosed package on a
FIG. 71 Suitably Wrapped or Covered Package of Sheet Circles
on Skeleton Platform platform using wood materials. Other materials generally used
are hardboard, composition board, fiberboard, plywood, angles
TABLE 7 Number of Lengthwise Skids for Sheet Steel PackagesA and channels, depending on the materials available, the type of
Sheet Gage Use 2 Skids, Use 3 Skids, Use 4 Skids,
package, and the discretion of the shipper. This package is
(in.) (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) designed for lifts 5000 lb (2268 kg) and over, and is recom-
28 to 24 (0.0149 to 22 to 36 (559 36 to 56 56 to 75 mended for maximum protection of all domestic shipments of
0.0239) (0.378 to to 914) wide (1422) wide (1905) wide all gages and finishes. Sideboards are not usually needed if
0.607)
Under 24 to 20 22 to 42 (559 42 to 68 68 to 96 material is less than 1 in. (25 mm) piling height.
(0.0239 to 0.0359) to 1067) wide (1727) wide (2438) wide 12.4.9.4 Cut Lengths Boxed—Fig. 75 illustrates a suitable
(0.607 to 0.912)
Under 20 to 16 22 to 50 (559 50 to 84 Over 84 wide
method of packaging stainless steel strip in a box of suitable
(0.0359 to 0.0598) to 1270) wide (2134) wide solid protective material, lined or unlined, to provide an
(0.912 to 1.519) entirely closed flat container. This type container is designed
Under 16 to 12 all widths
(0.0598 to 0.1046)
for maximum protection of small quantities of all grades,
(1.519 to 2.657) gages, and finishes. Boxes are designed for packaging quanti-
A
Lengthwise skids are not used on sheets over 192 in. (4877 mm) long or less ties of less than 5000 lb (2268 kg). Placing boxes on runners or
than 22 in. (559 mm) wide. platforms requires additional labor and material.
(1) Protective Coverings—The usual method of protect-
weather when loaded in open-top equipment. It is recom- ing surfaces is to interleave with nonabrasive antitarnish paper.
mended that hot-rolled pickled and more highly finished strip Protection of surfaces by means of gluing or pasting paper, or
coils be wrapped or shrouded when loaded in open-top otherwise applying protective coverings, requires additional
equipment. Truck tarpaulins are considered to be the equivalent labor and material. Protecting stainless steel strip with metal
of waterproof paper shrouding. wrapping or using metal protector sheets on top or bottom, or
(2) Closed Equipment, General—While this type of both, of lift or package requires additional labor and material.
equipment affords better protection from the elements, wrap- 12.4.9.6 Loading—Due to the nature of stainless products,
ping or shrouding of strip may be required for preservation of shipment in covered or closed equipment is recommended. If

A700 − 05
TABLE 8 Number of Crosswise Skids for Sheet Steel PackagesA
Sheet Gage (in.) (mm) Use 2 Skids, Use 3 Skids, Use 4 Skids. Use 5 Skids, Use 6 Skids,
in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm) in. (mm)
24 and lighter (0.0239) (0.607) 22 to 36 (559 to 914) 36 to 56 (1422) long 56 to 76 (1930) long 76 to 96 (2438) long 96 to 120 (3048) long
long
Under 24 to 20 (0.0239 to 22 to 42 (559 to 42 to 68 (1727) long 68 to 96 (2438) long 96 to 122 (3099) long 122 to 149 (3785)
0.0359) (0.607 to 0.912) 1067) long long
Under 20 to 16 (0.0359 to 22 to 50 (599 to 50 to 84 (2134) long 84 to 120 (3048) long 120 to 154 (3912) 154 to 188 (4775)
0.0598) (0.912 to 1.519) 1270) long long long
Under 16 to 12 (0.0598 to 22 to 72 (559 to 72 to 120 (3048) long 120 to 164 (4166) 164 to 208 (5283) 208 to 253 (6426)
0.1046) (1.519 to 2.657) 1829) long long long long
Heavier than 12 (0.1046) 22 to 82 (559 to 86 to 146 (3708) long 146 to 206 (5232) 206 to 266 (6756) 266 to 327 (8306)
(2.657) 2083) long long long long
A
The arrangements shown in Fig. 52 and Fig. 53 illustrate lengthwise and crosswise skid arrangements used for packaging cut length sheets.
FIG. 72 Suitably Wrapped Package on Lengthwise Skids
FIG. 73 Suitably Wrapped Package on Crosswise Skids
shipped in open-top equipment, shrouding of the package or individual coils or stacking coils on platforms requires addi-
load is recommended. tional labor and material. Separators between coils decreases
12.4.10 Stainless Steel Strip, Coils: the security of the package, and requires additional labor and
12.4.10.1 Bare Unwrapped Individual Coils—Fig. 64 illus- material. This method of packaging is considered to be
trates a suitable method of packaging individual hot-rolled adequate for practically all domestic shipments of most gages
stainless steel strip coil in the as-rolled condition. This type of and finishes. Material requiring maximum protection should be
packaging is generally confined to hot-rolled or hot-rolled boxed.
annealed material. 12.4.10.3 Coils, Fully Wrapped—Fig. 87 illustrates a suit-
12.4.10.2 Coils on Platform—Fig. 93 illustrates a suitable ably wrapped individual stainless steel strip coil or group of
method of packaging narrow stainless steel strip coils on coils. This method of packaging is not recommended for
skeleton platform with eye of the coils vertical. Placing light-gage material nor for any material when protection of

A700 − 05
FIG. 74 Steel Sheets in a Fully Enclosed Package on a Skeleton Platform, Using Wood Materials
FIG. 75 Steel Sheets in a Box of Suitable Solid Protective Material
FIG. 77 Suitably Packaged Bare Unwrapped Individual Sheet Coil

on Platform with the Eye of the Coil Vertical
FIG. 76 Suitably Packaged Bare Unwrapped Individual Stainless
Steel Sheet Coil on Cradle Platform, with the Eye of the Coil
Horizontal 12.4.10.4 Coils in a Container—Fig. 88 illustrates a suitable
method of packaging narrow stainless steel strip coils in a
container with the eye of the coils vertical. This type of
surface is important. Wrapping individual coils or wrapping, package is an entirely enclosed container made of suitable solid
covering, or shrouding coil group packages requires additional material, and is recommended for maximum protection of all
labor and material. finishes and gages.

A700 − 05
FIG. 81 Multiple Piles of Circles in Box on Solid Deck Platform
FIG. 78 Suitably Packaged Individual Sheet or Strip Coil or

Group of Sheet or Strip Coils in Solid Box, on Platform with the
Eye of the Coil Vertical
FIG. 82 Narrow Strip Coil with Flat Twist Bands
individual stainless steel strip coils or group of strip coils in

solid box on platform with the eye of the coils vertical.
(1) Protective Coverings—The usual method of protecting
surfaces is to interleave with nonabrasive antitarnish paper.
Protection of surfaces by means of gluing or pasting paper, or
otherwise applying protective coverings, requires additional
labor and material. Protecting stainless steel coils with metal
wrapping requires additional labor and material.
12.4.10.7 Loading—Due to the nature of stainless products,
shipment in covered or closed equipment is recommended. If
FIG. 79 Suitably Packaged Single Pile of Bare Stainless Steel
shipped in open-top equipment, shrouding of the package or
Sheet Circles on Skeleton Platform
load is recommended.
12.5 Skid Arrangements and Platforms:
12.5.1 Skid Arrangements—All skids shall be made of
sound lumber of commercial sizes not less than 3 in. (76 mm)
in width nor more than 4 in. (102 mm) in height. The overall
length of skids shall be approximately equal to the full
dimension of the package along the direction in which they are
used. The number of skids required on packages using skids
parallel to their lengthwise direction are shown in Table 7. The
number of skids required on packages using skids parallel to
their crosswise direction are shown in Table 8. Fig. 52 to Fig.
59 illustrate typical packaging of cut length sheets on skids.
12.5.2 Platforms for Cut Lengths—Structures consisting of
deckboards and runners. The arrangements shown in Fig. 94
are often used for packaging of wide sheets of light gage or for
FIG. 80 Multiple Piles of Circles on Solid Platform, Covered with packaging long, narrow sheets and strip of any gage piled side
Corrugated Fiberboard by side on one platform. Deckboards shall be equal in length to
full width or length of the unit and shall have a minimum
12.4.10.5 Coils, Boxed on Platform with Eye of Coils thickness of 1 in. (25 mm). Deckboards may be nailed to the
Vertical—Fig. 78 illustrates a suitable method of packaging runners. The minimum number of deckboards shall be the

A700 − 05
FIG. 83 Narrow Strip Coil with Machine Tension Bands
FIG. 84 Narrow Strip Coil with Knockdown or Buckle Bands
FIG. 85 Coil Group Package
same as the number of lengthwise or crosswise skids shown in

Table 7 and Table 8. Illustrations are general and actual
construction may vary among producers.

A700 − 05
FIG. 86 Narrow-Strip Coils on Skeleton Platform with the Eye of

the Coils Vertical
FIG. 87 Suitably Wrapped Individual Strip Coils or Groups of

Coils
FIG. 88 Suitably Packaged Bare Narrow Strip Coils in Container
13. Tin Mill Products 13.2.1 Tin plate.

13.1 Tin mill products are among the most highly finished 13.2.2 Black plate.
products of the steel industry; and marking, packaging, and 13.2.3 Electrolytic chromium-coated steel (tin-free steel).
loading methods are very important. The purchaser should give 13.3 Marking:
careful attention to these requirements when ordering and, if in 13.3.1 Cut Lengths—Packages of cut length tin plate are
question about a suitable method, should consult with the identified with the following:
manufacturer. (1) Producer’s name, brand, or trademark,
13.2 Product Grades: (2) Basis weight,

A700 − 05
FIG. 89 Bare Package of Stainless Steel Strip on Crosswise Skids
FIG. 90 Bare Package of Stainless Steel Strips on Skeleton Platform
FIG. 91 Suitably Wrapped Stainless Steel Strip on Platform
(3) Size, (2) Width,

(4) Type, (3) Basis weight,
(5) Temper, (4) Type,
(6) Coating weight (when applicable), (5) Temper,
(7) Product classification, (6) Coating weight (when applicable),
(8) Surface treatment (when applicable), and (7) Coil number,
(9) Differential markings (when applicable). (8) Lineal feet,
13.3.2 Coils—It is normal practice to identify each coil (9) Weight,
package with the following information: (10) Product classification,
(1) Producer’s name, brand, or trademark, (11) Differential markings (when applicable), and

A700 − 05
FIG. 92 Suitably Packaged Stainless Steel Strip in a Fully En-

closed Package on a Platform Using Wood Materials
FIG. 93 Suitably Packaged Narrow Stainless Steel Strip Coils on Skeleton Platform
FIG. 94 Two Types of Skeleton Platform Systems

A700 − 05
FIG. 95 Suitable Method of Packaging Cut-Length Tin Mill Prod-

ucts in Multiple Package Unit
(12) Surface treatment (when applicable). adequate in practically all instances. Supporting coils with
13.4 Packaging: special cores or spools is unnecessary and requires additional
13.4.1 Cut Lengths— Most tin mill products in cut lengths labor and material. It is regular practice to paper wrap coils.
are shipped in multiple-package units secured to platforms. (See Fig. 69 and Fig. 98.) Fiberboard covers may be used for
Such units consist of 10, 12, 15, or more packages, containing further protection when required. Protecting coils with metal
112 sheets per package. The amount of protection and secure- wrapping requires additional labor and material.
ment may vary with the method of transportation, the ultimate 13.5 Loading—Cut length tin mill products are shipped in
destination, and the experience of the shipper. The components closed cars or by truck. Coiled tin mill products are usually
of a typical package unit are as follows: shipped in covered or closed cars or by truck.
(1) Standard platform with two or three runners,
(2) Protection on top of platform when required, 14. Castings
(3) Paper lining when specified or required, 14.1 All castings shall be separated by class, type, and
(4) Edge protectors under ties, condition when packed for shipment.
(5) Wire or flat band ties, and 14.1.1 When castings are packed into containers they shall
(6) Fiberboard covering. be adequately blocked, braced, or otherwise secured to prevent
Regardless of which type of ties are shown in the illustrations, their movement within the containers.
either flat bands or wires may be used. Fig. 95 illustrates a 14.1.2 Finished or polished castings shall be adequately
suitable method of packaging cut-length tin mill products in a protected from mechanical damage. Where practical the cast-
multiple-package unit. This package has fiber-board covering. ings shall be boxed. All polished or finished surfaces shall be
Edge protectors are used under ties. Ties may be bands or wire. protected with a suitable cover such as paper or plastic.
Modifications may be made for units shipped to certain points. 14.1.2.1 When boxing is not practical because of size or
Standard platforms used for tin mill products are illustrated by weight, the castings shall be secured on skids or pallets. Large
Fig. 96 and Fig. 97. The illustrations show platforms with only polished or finished castings shall have the polished or finished
two runners, but three runners are used when required. The surfaces protected with batten strips. The entire surfaces may
two-runner platform is regularly used for sheets up to 30 in. be covered with a protective cover such as paper or plastic.
(762 mm) maximum length. The third runner, when used, is 14.1.3 Rough castings unless otherwise specified may be
placed midway between the two outside runners. Decks are shipped unpacked or bundled, unless by so doing the castings
usually of single thickness, made from lumber dressed not may be subject to damage.
lighter than 3⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) nor more than 13⁄16 in. (20.6 mm) 14.1.3.1 Large castings weighing more than 250 lb (114 kg)
in thickness, depending on the size and weight of the package. may be secured on skids or pallets for convenience in handling.
Deck sizes should be the same or slightly smaller than plate (1) When shipped on skids or pallets they may be secured
size, never larger. Runners are regularly made from lumber by ties of soft wire or tensioned flat bands. The number of ties
dressed to 13⁄4 in. (44.4 mm) in width and not less than 2 in. is at the shipper’s option but must be adequate to secure the
(50.8 mm) or more than 4 in. (101.6 mm) in height with the load.
ends beveled. Unless otherwise specified, they are placed 14.1.4 Castings having projections that may be damaged in
parallel to the short dimension of the sheet. handling or shipping may be boxed, crated, or secured on skids
13.4.2 Coils—It is regular practice to package tin mill coils or pallets with the projections adequately protected with batten
on platforms. It is not recommended that coils be shipped eye strips.
horizontal either with or without cradle platforms on those
products where transit abrasion might be detrimental. Coil 14.2 Containers when used shall afford maximum protec-
packages are secured with tension-tied bands. The number of tion from the normal hazards of transportation and shall be so
ties depends upon the size and weight of the coil, and the constructed as to ensure safe delivery by common carrier.
method of handling. Edge protectors are used under all ties. 14.3 Marking—It is normal practice to have the heat num-
Platform runners not over 6 in. (152 mm) high have been found ber, alloy type, and pattern number cast or stamped on the

A700 − 05
FIG. 96 Standard Skeleton Deck Two-Runner Platform
FIG. 97 Standard Solid Deck Two-Runner Platform
FIG. 98 Paper Wrapped Tin Plate Coil on a Platform
surface of castings. The purchase order number may be shown

on a tag attached to each box, skid, pallet or loose casting.
15. Keywords
15.1 loading; marking; packaging; shipment; steel products
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified changes to this standard since the last version (A700 – 99´1 ) that may impact
its use.
(1) Changed the title. (3) Revised 4.2

(2) Revised 1.1 (4) Revised 4.3 and the footnote.

A700 − 05
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
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COPYRIGHT/).

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Designation: A700 − 05

Standard Practices for

1. Scope* conversions to SI units that are provided for information only

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 1

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 2

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 3

3.1.107 seal:— 3.1.130 theoretical weight—a calculated weight based on

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 4

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 5

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 6

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 7

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 8

FIG. 3 Suitable Secured Lift-Flats

FIG. 4 Suitable Lift of Stack-Piled Straightened Flats

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 9

FIG. 6 Suitable Method of Shrouding Carload

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 10

FIG. 7 Suitable Hand Bundle of Cold-Finished Bars

FIG. 8 Bundle of Cold-Finished Bars Secured to a Board

FIG. 9 Suitable Chipboard Container

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 11

FIG. 10 Suitable Wood Box for Cold-Finished Bars

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 12

FIG. 11 Securement of Hot-Rolled Rods in Individual Coils

9.3.3.6 Heat number, Package Protection

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 13

FIG. 12 Securement of Hot-Rolled Rods in Coil Group

TABLE 2 Packaging Merchant Wire Products

Size, gage Ties per Bundle

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 14

FIG. 13 Bale Ties

FIG. 18 5-Post Bundle

FIG. 14 Coil of Baling Wire and Self-Dispensing Carton

10.2.1 Mechanical tubing.

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 15

Single Coil Coil Group

FIG. 20 Coils of Merchant Quality Wire

FIG. 21 Corrugated Box for 50-lb Nails

FIG. 24 Bundle of Wire in Corrugated Box

FIG. 22 Box for 1-lb and 5-lb Nails

FIG. 25 Coils of Wire in Corrugated Box

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 16

FIG. 26 Typical Palletizing

TABLE 3 Packaging Carbon, Alloy, and Stainless Steel Wire in Coils

Arbor Base Height Tube Diameter and Gage Identification

FIG. 27 Single Coil, Bare FIG. 28 Coil Group, Bare

10.4.3 Rigid Conduit—This product is normally shipped in Nominal

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 17

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 18

FIG. 32 Reel-less Coils

FIG. 35 Single Length Coil in Pay-Off Drum

FIG. 33 Coils Nested in Fiber Drum

FIG. 34 Coil in Fiber Drum

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 19

Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); 20

FIG. 38 Short Lengths of Straightened and Cut Wire in Corru-

FIG. 40 Hand Bundle of Wire, Ends Wrapped

FIG. 41 Hand Bundle of Wire, Wrapped Entire Length