Designation: B 188 96

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

Standard Specication for

Seamless Copper Bus Pipe and Tube1

This standard is issued under the xed designation B 188; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope * 1.1 This specication establishes the requirements for seamless copper bus pipe and tube intended for use as electrical conductors. 1.1.1 The product shall normally be made from one of the following coppers, as denoted in the ordering information:2
Copper UNS No.2 C10100 C10200 C10300 C10400, C10500, C10700 C11000 C11300, C11400, C11600 C12000 Previously Used Designation OFE OF OFS ETP STP DLP Type of Copper Oxygen-free, electronic Oxygen-free without residual deoxidants Oxygen-free, extra low phosphorus Oxygen-free, silver bearing Electrolytic tough pitch Silver-bearing tough pitch Phosphorized, low residual phosphorus

E 8 Test Methods of Tension Testing of Metallic Materials5 E 18 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Supercial Hardness of Metallic Materials5 E 29 Practice for Using Signicant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specications6 E 53 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper7 E 62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and Copper Alloys (Photometric Method)7 E 243 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Examination of Copper and Copper Alloys8 E 255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for Determination of Chemical Composition7 E 527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys (UNS)9 3. Terminology 3.1 Denitions: 3.1.1 average diameter (for round tubes only)the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameters, or maximum and minimum inside diameters, whichever is applicable, as determined at any one cross section of the tube. 3.1.2 bus pipe or tubea high-conductivity copper tubular product used as an electrical conductor. 3.1.3 lengthsstraight pieces of the product. 3.1.3.1 lengths, endsstraight pieces, shorter than the nominal length, left over after cutting the product into mill lengths, stock lengths, or specic lengths. They are subject to minimum length and maximum weight requirements. 3.1.3.2 lengths, specicstraight lengths that are uniform in length, as specied, and subject to established length tolerances. 3.1.3.3 lengths, specic with endsspecic lengths, including ends. 3.1.3.4 lengths, standarduniform lengths recommended in a Simplied Practice Recommendation or established as a Commercial Standard. 3.1.3.5 lengths, stockstraight lengths that are mill cut and stored in advance of orders. They are usually 12 or 20 ft (3.66 or 6.10 m) and subject to established length tolerances.

1.2 Other coppers may be agreed upon between purchaser and supplier. Unless otherwise specied, any one of the above coppers may be furnished. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 The following documents form a part of this specication to the extent referenced herein: 2.2 ASTM Standards: B 193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical Conductor Materials3 B 428 Test Method for Angle of Twist in Rectangular and Square Copper and Copper Alloy Tube4 B 577 Test Methods for Hydrogen Embrittlement of Copper4 B 601 Practice for Temper Designations for Copper and Copper AlloysWrought and Cast4
1 This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-5 on Copper and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.04 on Pipe and Tube. Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1996. Published January 1997. Originally published as B 188 44 T. Last previous edition B 188 88e1. 2 The UNS system for copper and copper alloys (see Practice E 527) is a simple expansion of the former standard designation system accomplished by the addition of a prex C and a suffix 00. The suffix can be used to accommodate composition variations of the base alloy. 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.03. 4 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.01.

5 6

Annual Annual 7 Annual 8 Annual 9 Annual

Book Book Book Book Book

of of of of of

ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM

Standards, Standards, Standards, Standards, Standards,

Vol Vol Vol Vol Vol

03.01. 14.02. 03.05. 03.03. 01.01.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

B 188
3.1.3.6 lengths, stock with endsstock lengths, including ends. 3.1.4 tube, seamlessa tube produced with a continuous periphery in all stages of the operations. 3.1.4.1 pipea seamless tube conforming to the particular nominal or standard pipe sizes, Table 1. 3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard: 3.2.1 capable ofThe term capable of as used in this specication means that the test need not be performed by the producer of the material. However, should subsequent testing by the purchaser establish that the material does not meet these requirements, the material shall be subject to rejection. 4. Ordering Information 4.1 Orders for product under this specication should contain the following information: 4.1.1 ASTM designation and year of issue, 4.1.2 Copper UNS designation, 4.1.3 Temper (Section 7), 4.1.4 Dimensions and form (Section 14), 4.1.5 Length (Section 14), 4.1.6 Total length of each size, 4.1.7 Quantity of each item, 4.2 The following options are available under this specication and should be specied in the contract or purchase order when required: 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 Bend Test (Section 10), Cuprous Oxide Test (Section 12), Microscopical Examination (Section 11), Tension Testing (Section 9), Eddy Current Test (Section 13), Certication (Section 23), Mill Test Report (Section 24), and Special Packaging, if required (Section 25).

5. Materials and Manufacture 5.1 Material: 5.1.1 The material shall be a copper of any one of the UNS alloy numbers as included in the scope, and as so specied in the contract or purchase order, and shall be of such soundness as to be suitable for processing into lengths of pipe or tube for the intended application. 5.2 Manufacture: 5.2.1 The material shall be manufactured by such hotworking, cold-working, and annealing processing as to produce a uniform, seamless wrought structure in the nished product. 5.2.2 The manufacture shall be such that the nished material conforms to the specied temper properties (see 7.1). 6. Chemical Composition 6.1 The material shall conform to the requirements in Table

TABLE 1 Dimensions and Weights of Copper Pipe, Nominal or Standard Pipe SizesA
Nominal or Standard Pipe Size, in. Dimensions in. (mm) Outside Diameter Inside Diameter Regular 38 12 34 1 114 112 2 212 3 312 4 5 6 8 10 12
14

Wall Thickness

Cross-Sectional Area of Wall, in.2 (mm2)

Theoretical Weight lb/ft (kg/m)

0.540(13.7) 0.675(17.1) 0.840(21.3) 1.050(26.7) 1.315(33.4) 1.660(42.2) 1.900(48.3) 2.375(60.3) 2.875(73.0) 3.500(88.9) 4.000 (102) 4.500 (114) 5.562 (141) 6.625 (168) 8.625 (219) 10.750 (273) 12.750 (324)

0.376(9.55) 0.495(12.6) 0.626(15.9) 0.822(20.9) 1.063(27.0) 1.368(34.7) 1.600(40.6) 2.063(52.4) 2.501(63.5) 3.062(77.8) 3.500(88.9) 4.000 (102) 5.062 (129) 6.125 (156) 8.001 (203) 10.020 (255) 12.000 (305) Extra Strong

0.082(2.08) 0.090(2.29) 0.107(2.72) 0.114(2.90) 0.126(3.20) 0.146(3.71) 0.150(3.81) 0.156(3.96) 0.187(4.75) 0.219(5.56) 0.250(6.35) 0.250(6.35) 0.250(6.35) 0.250(6.35) 0.312(7.92) 0.365(9.27) 0.375(9.52)

0.118(0.761) 0.165(1.06) 0.246(1.59) 0.335(2.16) 0.471(3.04) 0.694(4.48) 0.825(5.32) 1.09(7.03) 1.58(10.2) 2.26(14.6) 2.95(19.0) 3.34(21.5) 4.17(26.9) 5.01(32.3) 8.15(52.6) 11.9(76.8) 14.6(94.2)

0.457(0.680) 0.641(0.954) 0.955(1.42) 1.30(1.93) 1.82(2.71) 2.69(4.00) 3.20(4.76) 4.22(6.28) 6.12(9.11) 8.75(13.0) 11.4(17.0) 12.9(19.2) 16.2(24.1) 19.4(28.9) 31.6(47.0) 46.2(68.7) 56.5(84.1)

38 12 34 1 114 112 2 212 3 312 4 5 6 8 10

14

0.540(13.7) 0.675(17.1) 0.840(21.3) 1.050(26.7) 1.315(33.4) 1.660(42.2) 1.900(48.3) 2.375(60.3) 2.875(73.0) 3.500(88.9) 4.000 (102) 4.500 (114) 5.562 (141) 6.625 (168) 8.625 (219) 10.750 (273)

0.294(7.47) 0.421(10.7) 0.542(13.8) 0.736(18.7) 0.951(24.2) 1.272(32.3) 1.494(37.9) 1.933(49.1) 2.315(58.8) 2.892(73.6) 3.358(85.3) 3.818(97.0) 4.812 (122) 5.751 (146) 7.625 (194) 9.750 (248)

0.123(3.12) 0.127(3.23) 0.149(3.78) 0.157(3.99) 0.182(4.62) 0.194(4.93) 0.203(5.16) 0.221(5.61) 0.280(7.11) 0.304(7.72) 0.321(8.15) 0.341(8.66) 0.375(9.52) 0.437(11.1) 0.500(12.7) 0.500(12.7)

0.161(1.04) 0.219(1.41) 0.323(2.08) 0.440(2.84) 0.648(4.18) 0.893(5.76) 1.08(6.97) 1.50(9.68) 2.28(14.7) 3.05(19.7) 3.71(23.9) 4.46(28.8) 6.11(39.4) 8.50(54.8) 12.8(82.6) 16.1 (104)

0.625(0.930) 0.847(1.26) 1.25(1.86) 1.71(2.54) 2.51(3.73) 3.46(5.15) 4.19(6.23) 5.80(8.63) 8.85(13.2) 11.8(17.6) 14.4(21.4) 17.3(25.7) 23.7(35.3) 32.9(49.0) 49.5(73.7) 62.4(92.9)

1 in.2 5 1 270 000 cmil.

B 188
2 for the copper UNS no. designated in the ordering information. 6.2 These composition limits do not preclude the presence of other elements. Limits may be established and analysis required for unnamed elements by agreement between the manufacturer or supplier and purchaser. 7. Temper 7.1 The material shall be furnished in either the O60 (soft anneal) or H80 (hard drawn) temper as dened in Practice B 601. The requirements are specied in Table 3. 8. Electrical Resistivity Requirements 8.1 The material shall conform to the maximum electrical resistivity requirements prescribed in Table 3. 9. Mechanical Properties 9.1 The product shall conform to the mechanical requirements prescribed in Table 3. 9.1.1 Tension testing for tensile and elongation information need not be performed except when indicated by the purchaser at the time of placing the order (see 4.2.4). 9.1.2 The tension test shall be used to resolve cases of dispute. 9.2 All test specimens shall be tested in full size when practicable. When a machined specimen becomes necessary for any test required under this specication, enough metal shall be suitably removed from the sample to meet the limitations of the testing facilities. 10. Bend Test Requirements 10.1 The material shall conform to the bend testing requirements prescribed in Table 3. 10.1.1 Bend testing need not be performed except when indicated by the purchaser at the time of placing the order (see 4.2.4). 11. Microscopical Examination 11.1 The test specimens of material designated as Copper UNS Nos. C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, and C12000 shall be free of cuprous oxide as determined by Procedure A of Test Method B 577. In case of a dispute, a referee method in accordance with Procedure C shall be employed. 11.1.1 The test need not be performed except when indicated at the time of placing the order (see 4.2.3). 12. Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility Test 12.1 It is to be expected that material designated as Copper UNS Nos. C10100, C10200, C10300, C10400, C10500, C10700, and C12000 shall be capable of passing the embrittlement test of Procedure B of Test Method B 577. The actual performance of this test is not mandatory under the terms of this specication unless denitely specied in the ordering information. In case of a dispute, a referee method in accordance with Procedure C shall be employed. 13. Nondestructive Testing 13.1 When specied (see 4.2.5), the product shall be tested in the nal size but may be tested prior to the nal anneal or heat treatment, when these thermal treatments are required, unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer or supplier and purchaser. 13.2 Eddy Current TestWhen specied, each piece of product from 18 in. up to and including 318 in. nominal outside diameter, or 212 in. distance between outside parallel surfaces, shall be subjected to an eddy current test. Testing shall follow the procedures of Practice E 243 except for determination of end effect. The product shall be passed through an eddy current testing unit adjusted to provide information on the suitability of the product for the intended application. 13.2.1 Notch-depth standards rounded to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) shall be 22 % of the nominal wall thickness.

TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements

NOTE 1If the type of silver-bearing copper is not specied (that is, whether tough-pitch, phosphorized or oxygen-free) any one of the three types may be supplied at the option of the manufacturer.
Composition, % Element C10100 Copper (incl silver), min Phosphorus Lead, max Arsenic Silver, min Antimony, max Selenium + tellurium, max Nickel, max Bismuth, max
A

Copper UNS No. C10200A 99.95 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... C10300 99.95 0.001 0.005 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
E

C10400B 99.95 ... ... ... 8G ... ... ... ...

C10500B 99.95 ... ... ... 10G ... ... ... ...

C10700B 99.95 ... ... ... 25G ... ... ... ...

C11000 99.90 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

C11300C 99.90 ... ... ... 8G ... ... ... ...

C11400C 99.90 ... ... ... 10G ... ... ... ...

C11600C 99.90 ... ... ... 25G ... ... ... ...

C12000 99.90 0.004 0.0012 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

99.99
F

F F F F F

...
F

Oxgen in C10200 shall be 10 ppm max. B Copper UNS Nos. C10400, C10500, and C10700 are produced frm oxygen-free Copper UNS No. C10200 with the addition of a specied amount of silver. C Copper UNS Nos. C11300, C11400, and C11600 are produced either from Lake Copper or by the addition of silver to electrolytic tough-pitch Copper UNS No. C11000. D This value is exclusive of silver and shall be determined by difference of impurity total from 100 %. Impurity total is dened as the sum of sulfur, silver, lead, tin, bismuth, arsenic, antimony, iron, nickel, mercury, zinc, phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, manganese, cadmium, and oxygen present in the sample. E Copper + silver + phosphorus, min. F Impurity maximums in ppm for C10100 shall be: antimony 4, arsenic 5, bismuth 1, cadmium 1, iron 10, lead 5, manganese 0.5, mercury 1, nickel 10, oxygen 5, phosphorus 3, selenium 3, silver 25, sulfur 15, tellurium 2, tin 2, and zinc 1. G Values are in troy ounces per avoirdupois ton (1 oz/ton is equivalent to 0.0034 %).

B 188
TABLE 3 Mechanical and Electrical PropertiesA
Tensile Strength ksi (MPa)B Electrical ResistivityB max at 20C (68F), Vg/m2 Copper UNS No. Elongation in 2 in. (51 mm), min, % min max Bend Test Angle of Bend, C10100 C10200, C10400, C10500, C10700, C11000, C11300, C11400, and C11600 0.15328 0.15737 Rockwell Hardness (F Scale) 60-kg Load 116-in. Ball

Temper Designation

Classication and Size Standard Former

C10300

C12000

O60 H80

Soft Hard

All types, all sizes Rectangular or square: up to 6 in. (152 mm) major outside dimension, incl up to 316 in. (4.8 mm) wall thickness, incl over 316 in. (4.8 mm) wall thickness over 6 in. (152 mm) major outside dimension Round (pipe and tube): up to 4 in. (102 mm) outside diameter, incl over 4 in. (102 mm) outside diameter

... 35 (240)

37 (255) ...

25 8

180 ...

0.15176 0.15585

0.15614 0.17031 0.15940 0.17418

50 max 75 min

33 (230) 32 (220)

... ...

15 20

... ...

0.15521 0.15425

0.15673 0.15577

0.15940 0.17418 0.15940 0.17418

65 min 65 min

40 (275) 38 (260)

... ...

3 6

90 ...

0.15713 0.15585

0.15865 0.15737

0.15940 0.17418 0.15940 0.17418

80 min 75 min

A B

See 6.1. See Appendix X2.

The notch depth tolerance shall be 60.0005 in. (0.013 mm). Alternatively, when the test is performed using speedinsensitive equipment that can select a maximum imbalance signal, a maximum imbalance signal of 0.3 % shall be used. 13.2.2 Product that does not actuate the signaling device of the eddy current test shall be considered as conforming to the requirements of this test. Product with discontinuities indicated by the testing unit may be reexamined or retested, at the option of the manufacturer, to determine whether the discontinuity is cause for rejection. Signals that are found to have been caused by minor mechanical damage, soil, or moisture shall not be cause for rejection of the product provided the dimensions of the product are still within prescribed limits and the product is suitable for its intended application. 14. Dimensions, Weights, and Permissible Variations 14.1 GeneralFor the purpose of determining conformance with the dimensional requirements given in this specication, any measured value outside the specied limiting values for any dimension may be cause for rejection. 14.2 Dimensions and WeightsThe dimensions and weights for nominal or standard copper pipe of various, outside diameters shall be as prescribed in Table 1. 14.3 Weight TolerancesThe weight of the nominal or standard pipe shall not vary from the theoretical weight per foot prescribed in Table 1 by more than the following:
Nominal or Standard Pipe Size, in. 6 and under Over 6 to 8, incl Over 8 Weight Tolerance, % 5 7 8

Nominal or Standard Pipe Size, in. 6 and under Over 6 to 8, incl. Over 8 _______________
A

Thickness Tolerance, %A 5 7 8

Expressed to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm).

14.5 Copper Tube (Other than Pipe): 14.5.1 Round TubeWall thickness tolerances shall be in accordance with Table 4. Diameter tolerances shall be in accordance with Table 5. 14.5.2 Rectangular Including Square TubeWall thickness tolerances shall be in accordance with Table 6. The tolerances on distance between parallel surfaces for rectangular and square tube in straight lengths only shall be in accordance with Table 7 and Fig. 1. 14.5.3 Length and Length TolerancesTube ordered to specic or stock lengths with or without ends shall conform to the tolerances prescribed in Table 8 and Table 9. 14.5.3.1 Pipe ordered to specic stock lengths with or without ends shall conform to tolerances prescribed in Table 10 and Table 11. 14.6 RoundnessFor drawn unannealed tube or pipe in straight lengths, the roundness tolerances shall be as follows:
t/D (Ratio of Wall Thickness to Outside Diameter) 0.01 to 0.03 incl Over 0.03 to 0.05, incl Over 0.05 to 0.10, incl Over 0.10
Roundness Tolerance, % of Outside Diameter (Expressed to the nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm)) 1.5 1.0 0.8 or 0.002 in. (0.51 mm), whichever is greater 0.7 or 0.002 in. (0.51 mm), whichever is greater

14.4 Thickness TolerancesThe wall thickness of nominal or standard pipe at any point shall not be less than that prescribed in Table 3 by more than the following:
4

14.6.1 Compliance with the roundness tolerance shall be determined by taking measurements on the outside diameter only, irrespective of the manner in which the tube dimensions are specied.

B 188
TABLE 4 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper Tube (Not Applicable to Pipe)

NOTE 1Maximum Deviation at Any Point: The following tolerances are plus and minus; if tolerances all plus or all minus are desired, double the values given.
Outside Diameter, in. (mm) Wall Thickness, in. (mm) Over 18 (3.15) to 58 (15.9), incl 0.001 (0.025) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.0035 (0.089) 0.004 (0.10) 0.005 (0.13) 0.007 (0.18) ... ... ... Over 58 (15.9) to 1 (25.4), incl 0.0015 (0.038) 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.0035 (0.089) 0.004 (0.10) 0.005 (0.13) 0.006 (0.15) 0.0075 (0.19) 0.009 (0.23) 0.012 (0.30) ... Over 1 (25.4) to 2 (50.8), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.0035 (0.089) 0.004 (0.10) 0.005 (0.13) 0.006 (0.15) 0.008 (0.20) 0.010 (0.25) 5A 5A Over 2 (50.8) to 4 (102), incl ... ... 0.004 (0.10) 0.005 (0.13) 0.006 (0.15) 0.007 (0.18) 0.008 (0.20) 0.010 (0.25) 0.012 (0.30) 5A 5A Over 4 (102) to 7 (178), incl ... ... ... 0.007 (0.18) 0.008 (0.20) 0.009 (0.23) 0.010 (0.25) 0.012 (0.30) 0.014 (0.36) 6A 6A Over 7 (178) to 10 (254), incl ... ... ... 0.010 (0.25) 0.011 (0.28) 0.012 (0.30) 0.014 (0.36) 0.016 (0.41) 6A 6A

Up to 0.017 (0.432) incl Over 0.017 (0.432) to 0.024 (0.610) incl Over 0.024 (0.610) to 0.034 (0.864) incl Over 0.034 (0.864) to 0.057 (1.45) incl Over 0.057 (1.45) to 0.082 (2.08) incl Over 0.082 (2.08) to 0.119 (3.02) incl Over 0.119 (3.02) to 0.164 (4.17) incl Over 0.164 (4.17) to 0.219 (5.56) incl Over 0.219 (5.56) to 0.283 (7.19) incl Over 0.283 (7.19) to 0.379 (9.63) incl Over 0.379 (9.62)
A

Percent of the specied wall expressed to nearest 0.001 in. (0.025 mm).

TABLE 5 Average Diameter Tolerances for Copper and CopperAlloy Tube

Specied Diameter, in. (mm) Up to 58 (15.9), incl Over 58 (15.9) to 1 (25.4), incl Over 1 (25.4) to 2 (50.8), incl Over 2 (50.8) to 3 (76.2), incl Over 3 (76.2) to 4 (102), incl Over 4 (102) to 5 (127), incl Over 5 (127) to 6 (152), incl Over 6 (152) to 8 (203), incl Over 8 (203) to 10 (254), incl Diameter to Which Tolerance AppliesA inside inside inside inside inside inside inside inside inside or or or or or or or or or outside outside outside outside outside outside outside outside outside Tolerance, plus and minus, in. (mm) 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.008 0.010 (0.051) (0.064) (0.076) (0.10) (0.13) (0.15) (0.18) (0.20) (0.25)

Specied Distance Between Major Outside Parallel Surface Up to 58-in., incl Over 58-in.

Tolerance 0.016 in. (0.41 mm) 0.025 in./in. (0.025 mm/mm) of distance between outside parallel surfaces

A The average outside diameter of a tube is the average of the maximum and minimum outside diameters, as determined at any one cross-section of the tube.

14.6.2 The deviation from roundness is measured as the difference between major and minor diameters as determined at any one cross section of the tube. 14.6.3 No tolerances have been established for as-extruded tube, redrawn tube, annealed tube, any tube furnished in coils, or drawn tube whose wall thickness is under 0.016 in. (0.406 mm). 14.7 Squareness of CutFor pipe and tube in straight lengths, the departure from squareness of the end of any pipe or tube shall not exceed the following: 14.7.1 Pipe:
Specied Outside Diameter Up to 58-in., incl Over 58-in. Tolerance 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) 0.016 in./in. (0.016 mm/mm) of diameter

14.8 Straightness Tolerances: 14.8.1 Round TubesFor round tubes of any drawn temper, 14 to 312 in. in outside diameter, inclusive, the straightness tolerances shall be in accordance with Table 12. 14.8.2 Rectangular and Square TubesFor rectangular and square tubes of any drawn temper, the straightness tolerance shall be 12-in. (13-mm) maximum curvature (depth of arc) in any 6-ft (1.8-m) portion of the total length. 14.9 Unit WeightFor purpose of calculating weights, cross sections, etc., the density of the copper shall be taken as 0.323 lb/in.3 (8.94 g/cm3). 14.10 Corner Radius: Rectangular and Square TubesThe permissible radii for commercially square corners shall be in accordance with Table 13. 14.11 Twist Tolerances: Rectangular and Square Tubes The maximum twist about the longitudinal axis of drawn temper rectangular and square tubes shall not exceed 1/ft (305 mm) of length, measured to the nearest degree, and the total angle of twist shall not exceed 20 when measured in accordance with Test Method B 428. The requirement is not applicable to tubes in the annealed temper or to tubes whose specied major dimension is less than 12 in. 15. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 15.1 The product shall be free of defects of a nature that would interfere with the intended application. It shall be well cleaned and free from dirt. 16. Sampling 16.1 The lot size, portion size, and sample size of the nished product shall be as follows: 16.1.1 Lot SizeAn inspection lot shall be 5000 lb (2270

14.7.2 Round Tube:

Specied Outside Diameter Up to 58-in., incl Over 58-in. Tolerance 0.010 in. (0.25 mm) 0.016 in./in. (0.016 mm/mm) of diameter

14.7.3 Rectangular and Square Tube:

B 188
TABLE 6 Wall Thickness Tolerances for Copper Rectangular and Square Tube

NOTE 1Maximum deviation at any point. The following tolerances are plus and minus; if tolerances all plus or all minus are desired, double the values given.
Distance Between Outside Parallel Surface, in.A (mm) Wall Thickness, in. (mm)
1 32

(0.794) to 18 (3.18), incl

Over 18 (3.18) to 58 (15.9), incl 0.002 (0.051) 0.0025 (0.064) 0.0035 (0.089) 0.004 (0.10) 0.005 (0.13) 0.007 (0.18) 0.009 (0.23) 0.011 (0.28) ...

Over 58 (15.9) to 1 (25.4), incl 0.0025 (0.064) 0.003 (0.076) 0.0035 (0.089) 0.0045 (0.11) 0.006 (0.15) 0.008 (0.20) 0.010 (0.25) 0.012 (0.30) 0.015 (0.38)

Over 1 (25.4) to 2 (50.8), incl 0.003 (0.076) 0.0035 (0.089) 0.004 (0.10) 0.005 (0.12) 0.007 (0.18) 0.009 (0.23) 0.011 (0.28) 0.013 (0.33) 0.016 (0.41)

Over 2 (50.8) to 4 (102), incl ... ... 0.006 (0.15) 0.007 (0.18) 0.008 (0.20) 0.010 (0.25) 0.012 (0.30) 0.015 (0.38) 0.018 (0.46)

Over 4 (102) to 7 (178), incl ... ... ... 0.009 (0.23) 0.010 (0.25) 0.012 (0.30) 0.014 (0.36) 0.017 (0.43) 0.020 (0.51)

Over 7 (178) to 10 (254), incl ... ... ... ... 0.012 (0.30) 0.014 (0.36) 0.016 (0.41) 0.019 (0.48) 0.022 (0.56)

Up to 0.017 (0.432) incl Over 0.017 (0.432) to 0.024 (0.610) incl Over 0.024 (0.610) to 0.034 (0.864) incl Over 0.034 (0.864) to 0.057 (1.45) incl Over 0.057 (1.45) to 0.082 (2.08) incl Over 0.082 (2.08) to 0.119 (3.02) incl Over 0.119 (3.02) to 0.164 (4.17) incl Over 0.164 (4.17) to 0.219 (5.56) incl Over 0.219 (5.56) to 0.283 (7.19) incl
A

0.002 (0.051) 0.003 (0.076) 0.0035 (0.089) 0.004 (0.10) ... ... ... ... ...

In the case of rectangular tube the major dimension determines the thickness tolerance applicable to all walls.

TABLE 7 Tolerances on Distance Between Parallel Surfaces for Copper Rectangular and Square Tube

NOTE 1The following tolerances are plus and minus; if tolerances all plus or all minus are desired, double the values given.
Dimensions a or b (Fig. 1), in. (mm) Up to 18 (3.18), incl Over 18 to 58 (3.18 to 15.9), incl Over 58 to 1 (15.9 to 25.4), incl Over 1 to 2 (25.4 to 50.8), incl Over 2 to 3 (50.8 to 76.2), incl Over 3 to 4 (76.2 to 102), incl Over 4 to 5 (102 to 127), incl Over 5 to 6 (127 to 152), incl Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl Over 8 to 10 (203 to 254), incl Tolerances, in. (mm) 0.003 (0.076) 0.004 (0.10) 0.005 (0.13) 0.006 (0.15) 0.007 (0.18) 0.008 (0.20) 0.009 (0.23) 0.010 (0.25) 0.011 (0.28) 0.012 (0.30)

Nominal dimension a determines tolerance applicable to both a and c. Nominal dimension b determines tolerance applicable to both b and d.

FIG. 1 Tolerances on Distance Between Parallel Surfaces for Copper Rectangular and Square Tube (Table 7)

kg) or portion thereof, subject to inspection at one time. 16.1.2 Portion SizeA portion shall be taken to be representative of a lot according to the following schedule:
Number of Pieces in Lot 1 to 50 51 to 200 201 to 1500 Over 1500 Number of Pieces to be TakenA 1 2 3 0.2 % of the total number of pieces in the lot, but not to exceed 10 pieces

_______________
A

Each test portion shall be taken from a separate tube.

17. Number of Tests and Retests 17.1 Chemical AnalysisSamples for chemical analysis shall be taken in accordance with Practice E 255. Drillings, millings, etc., shall be taken in approximately equal weight
6

from each of the sample pieces selected in accordance with 17.1 and combined into one composite sample. The minimum weight of the composite sample that is to be divided into three equal parts shall be 150 g. 17.1.1 Instead of sampling in accordance with Practice E 55, the manufacturer shall have the option of determining conformance to chemical composition as follows: Conformance shall be determined by the manufacturer by analyzing samples taken at the time the castings are poured or samples taken from the semi-nished product. If the manufacturer determines the chemical composition of the material during the course of manufacture, he shall not be required to sample and analyze the nished product. The number of samples taken for determination of chemical composition shall be as follows: 17.1.1.1 When samples are taken at the time the castings are poured, at least one sample shall be taken for each group of castings poured simultaneously from the same source of molten metal. 17.1.1.2 When samples are taken from the semi-nished product, a sample shall be taken to represent each 10 000 lb (4550 kg) or fraction thereof, except that not more than one sample shall be required per piece. 17.1.1.3 Due to the discontinuous nature of the processing of castings into wrought products, it is not practical to identify specic casting analysis with a specic quantity of nished material. 17.1.1.4 In the event that heat identication or traceability is required, the purchaser shall specify the details desired. 17.2 Specimens taken from each sample piece selected in accordance with Section 16 shall be subjected to the Rockwell hardness test and to the electrical resistivity or conductivity test to determine conformance to the requirements prescribed in Table 3. The values for the Rockwell hardness number of each specimen shall be established by taking the arithmetical average of at least three readings. 17.3 One specimen taken from each sample piece shall be tested for tensile properties and one for bending, if required, to determine conformance to the requirements in Table 3. 17.4 In the case of coppers designated as oxygen-free or deoxidized, a section of each sample piece selected in accordance with Section 16 shall be submitted to microscopical

B 188
TABLE 8 Length Tolerances for Tube

NOTE 1Tolerances are all plus; if all minus tolerances are desired, use the same values; if tolerances plus and minus are desired, halve the values given.
Tolerances, in. (mm) Applicable Only to Full Length Pieces Length For Major Outside Dimensions up to 1 in. (25.4 mm), incl (0.79) (1.6) 332 (2.4) 14 (6.4) 12 (13) 1 (25) 1A (25)
1 32 1 16

For Major Outside Dimensions over 1 in. (25.4 mm) to 4 in. (102 mm) incl (1.6) (2.4) 18 (3.2) 14 (6.4) 12 (13) 1 (25) 1A (25)
1 16 3 32

For Major Outside Dimensions over 4 in. (102 mm)

Specic lengths: Up to 6 in. (152 mm), incl Over 6 in. (152 mm) to 2 ft (610 mm), incl Over 2 ft (610 mm) to 6 ft (1.83 m), incl Over 6 ft (1.83 m) to 14 ft (4.27 m), incl Over 14 ft (4.27 m) Specic lengths with ends Stock lengths with or without ends
A

(3.2) (6.4) 14 (6.4) 12 (13) 1 (25) 1A (25)

18 14

As stock lengths are cut and placed in stock in advance of orders, departure from this tolerance is not practicable.

TABLE 9 Schedule of Tube Lengths (Specic and Stock) with Ends

Major Outside Dimensions, in. (mm) Up to 1 (25.4), incl Over 1 (25.4) to 2 (50.8), incl Over 2 (50.8) to 3 (76.2), incl Over 3 (76.2) to 4 (102), incl
A

Specic Length, ft (m) 6 6 6 6 (1.83) (1.83) (1.83) (1.83) to to to to 20 20 20 20 (6.10), (6.10), (6.10), (6.10), incl incl incl incl

Shortest Permissible Length,A % of Specic Length 70 60 55 50

Maximum Permissible Weight of Ends, % of Lot Weight 20 25 30 40

Expressed to the nearest 12 ft (150 mm).

TABLE 10 Length Tolerances for Pipe Furnished in Straight LengthsA

Length Specic Lengths: Up to 6 in. (152 mm), incl Over 6 in. to 2 ft (152 to 610 mm), incl Over 2 to 6 ft (610 mm to 1.83 m), incl Over 6 ft to 14 ft (1.83 m to 4.27 m), incl Over 14 ft (4.27 m) Specic lengths with ends Stock lengths with or without ends Tolerances, in. (mm) Applicable Only to Full-Length Pieces
1 16 3 32

meet the specied requirements for a particular property shall be cause for rejection of the entire lot. 18. Specimen Preparation 18.1 Chemical Analysis: 18.1.1 Preparation of the analytical specimens shall be the responsibility of the reporting laboratory. 18.2 Tension Test Specimens: 18.2.1 The test specimens shall be of the full section of the tube and shall conform to the requirements of the Test Specimen section of Test Methods E 8, unless the limitation of the testing machine precludes the use of such a specimen. In this case, the test specimen conforming to Type No. 1 of Fig. 13 in Test Methods E 8 shall be used. 18.3 Rockwell Hardness Test Specimens: 18.3.1 The test specimen shall be of a size and shape to permit testing by the available equipment. 18.3.2 The surface of the test specimen shall be sufficiently at and smooth so as to permit the accurate determination of hardness. 18.3.3 The test specimen shall be free from scale and foreign matter and care shall be taken to avoid any change in condition, that is, heating or cold work. 18.4 Electrical Resistivity: 18.4.1 Test specimen preparation shall be in accordance with the Test Specimen section of Test Method B 193. 18.4.2 When the test specimen is taken from material in bulk, care shall be taken that the properties are not appreciably altered in the preparation. 18.5 Bend Test Specimens: 18.5.1 The bend test specimens shall be of a full diameter of tube, unless limitation of the testing machine precludes the use of such a specimen, in which case the specimen shall be machined to an acceptable size.
7

(1.6) (2.4) 13 (3.2) 14 (6.4) 12 (13) 1 (25) 1 (25)

A As stock lengths are cut and placed in stock in advance of orders, departure from this tolerance is not practicable.

examination as specied in Section 11, and also to the embrittlement test, if specied, as prescribed in Section 12. 17.5 Retests: 17.5.1 If any test specimen shows defective machining or develops aws, it may be discarded and another specimen substituted. 17.5.2 If the percentage elongation of any tension test specimen is less than that specied and any part of the fracture is outside the middle two thirds of the gage length or in a punched or scribed mark within the reduced section, a retest on an additional specimen either from the same sample piece or from a new sample piece shall be allowed. 17.5.3 If a bend test specimen fails, due to conditions of bending more severe than required by the specication, a retest shall be permitted on a new sample piece or on the remaining portion of the rst sample piece. 17.5.4 If the results of the test on one of the specimens fail to meet the specied requirements, two additional specimens shall be taken from different sample pieces and tested. The results of the tests on both of these specimens shall meet the specied requirements. Failure of more than one specimen to

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TABLE 11 Schedule of Pipe Lengths Specic and Stock with Ends Included
Major Outside Dimensions, in. (mm) Up to 3 (76.2), incl Over 3 to 312 (76.2 to 88.9), incl
A

Nominal Length, ft (m) 6 to 20 (1.85 to 6.10), incl 6 to 20 (1.85 to 6.10), incl

Shortest Permissible Length,A percent of Nominal Length 55 50

Maximum Permissible Weight of Ends, percent of Lot Weight 30 40

Expressed to the nearest 12 ft (150 mm).

TABLE 12 Straightness Tolerances for TubeA in Any Drawn Temper

Nominal or Standard Pipe Size, in. 1 114 112 2 212 3 312 4

12 34

Mandrel Radius, in. (mm) 4.50 (114) 5.00 (127) 6.50 (165) 8.00 (203) 9.25 (235) 10.75 (273) 12.00 (305) 14.75 (375) 17.00 (432) 18.25 (464)

NOTE 1Applies to round tube in any drawn temper from 14 (6.35) to 312 in. (88.9 mm), incl, in outside diameter.
Length, ftB (m) Over 3 (0.914) to 6 (1.83), incl Over 6 (1.83) to 8 (2.44), incl Over 8 (2.44) to 10 (3.05), incl
A B

Maximum Curvature (Depth of Arc), in. (mm)

3 16 5 16

(4.8) (7.9) 12(13)

Not applicable to pipe, redraw tube and extruded tube or any annealed tube. For lengths greater than 10 ft (3.05 m) the maximum curvature shall not exceed 12 in. (13 mm) in any 10-ft (3.05-m) portion of the total length.

TABLE 13 Permissible Radii for Commercially Square Corners for Rectangular and Square Tube
Maximum Radii, in. (mm) Wall Thickness, in. (mm) Outside Corners Up to 0.058 (1.47), incl Over 0.058 to 0.120 (1.47 to 3.03), incl Over 0.120 to 0.250 (3.03 to 6.35), incl Over 0.250 (6.35) (1.2) 116 (1.6)
3 64 3 32

Inside Corners
1 32 1 32

(0.79) (0.79) (0.79)

(2.4)

1 32

Other tubular sections shall be bent around a mandrel having a radius equal to six times the section dimension radial to the bend. Pipe and tube, prior to bending, may be lled with sand, rosin, or other suitable material. 19.3 When a bend test specimen is machined at least one of its original surfaces shall be retained. This surface shall constitute the outer periphery of the bend, which shall be made on a radius equal to that dimension of the machined specimen radial to the bend. 20. Signicance of Numerical Limits 20.1 For purposes of determining compliance with the specied limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E 29.
Property Chemical composition Hardness Electrical resistivity Electrical conductivity Tensile strength Elongation: Below 5 % 5 % and over Rounded Unit for Calculated or Observed Value nearest unit in the last right-hand place of gures of the specied limit nearest unit in the last right-hand place of gures nearest ksi (5 MPa) nearest multiple of 0.5 % nearest 1 %

none established

none established

18.5.1.1 If a bend test specimen is machined, at least one of its original surfaces shall be retained. This surface shall constitute the outer periphery of the bend. 18.6 Specimen for Microscopical Examination: 18.6.1 The test specimen shall be prepared in accordance with Procedure A of Test Method B 577 and the specimen surface shall approximate a radial longitudinal section of round tube or a longitudinal section of rectangular or square tube perpendicular to, and bisecting, the major dimensional surface. 18.7 Hydrogen Embrittlement Test Specimen: 18.7.1 The test specimen shall conform to the appropriate requirements of Procedure B of Test Method B 577. 19. Test Methods 19.1 The properties enumerated in this specication shall, in cases of dispute, be determined in accordance with the following applicable test methods:
Test Chemical Analysis of Copper Chemical Analysis of Phosphorus Electrical Resistivity Microscopical Examination Rockwell Hardness Tension ASTM Designation E 53 E 62 B 193 B 577 E 18 E8

21. Inspection 21.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and make necessary tests to verify that the material furnished conforms to the requirements of this specication. 21.2 The manufacturer shall afford the inspector representing the purchaser, all reasonable facilities, without charge, to satisfactorily demonstrate that the material is being furnished in accordance with the specied requirements. 22. Rejection and Rehearing 22.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of this specication may be rejected. Rejection should be reported to the manufacturer or the supplier promptly and in writing. In case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the manufacturer or the supplier may make claim for a rehearing. 23. Certication 23.1 When specied in the purchase order or contract, the
8

19.2 When bend tests are made, the bend test specimen shall stand being bent cold through the angle prescribed in Table 1 without fracture on the outside of the bent portion. For nominal or standard pipe-size tubular sections, the bend shall be made on a radius in accordance with the following schedule:

B 188
purchaser shall be furnished certication that samples representing each lot have been either tested or inspected as directed in this specication and the requirements have been met. 24. Mill Test Report 24.1 When specied in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be furnished. 25. Packing and Package Marking Requirements 25.1 The material shall be separated by size, composition, and temper, and prepared for shipment in such a manner as to ensure acceptance by common carrier for transportation and to afford protection from the normal hazards of transportation. 25.2 Each shipping unit shall be legibly marked with the purchase order number, metal or alloy designation, temper size, shape and total length or piece count (for material furnished on a length basis) or both, or gross and net weights (for material furnished on a pound basis), and name of supplier. The specication number shall be shown when specied. 26. Keywords 26.1 copper bus pipe; copper bus tube; electrical conductors; extra strong; regular; standard sizes

APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
TABLE X1.1 Resistivity Relationships
Conductivity at 20C (68F), % Vg/m2 Vlb/mile2 Vcmil/ft Vmm2/m Vin. Vcm 101.0 0.15176 886.53 10.268 0.017070 0.67207 1.7070 100.0 0.15328 875.20 10.371 0.017241 0.67879 1.7241 98.40 0.15577 889.42 10.539 0.017521 0.68981 1.7521 98.16 0.15614 891.60 10.565 0.017564 0.69151 1.7564 97.80 0.15673 894.90 10.604 0.017629 0.69406 1.7629 97.40 0.15737 898.55 10.648 0.017701 0.69690 1.7701 96.60 0.15865 905.86 10.734 0.017845 0.70257 1.7845 96.16 0.15940 910.15 10.785 0.017930 0.70590 1.7930 90.0 0.17031 972.44 11.523 0.019156 0.75421 1.9157 88.0 0.17418 994.55 11.785 0.019592 0.77135 1.9592

X1. RESISTIVITY

X1.1 Resistivity is used in place of Conductivity. The value of 0.15328 Vg/m2 at 20C (68F) is the international standard for the resistivity of annealed copper equal to 100 % conductivity. This term means that a wire 1 m in length and weighing 1 g would have a resistance of 0.15328 V. This is equivalent to a resistivity value of 875.20 Vlb/mile2, which signies the resistance of a wire 1 mile in length weighing 1 lb. It is also equivalent, for example, to 1.7241 Vcm of length of a bar 1 cm2 in cross section. A complete discussion of this

subject is contained in NBS Handbook 100 of the National Bureau of Standards.10 Relationships which may be useful in connection with the values of resistivity prescribed in this specication are as shown in Table X1.1, each column containing equivalent expressions, at 20C (68F).

10 NBS Handbook 100, NIST is sold by the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springeld, VA 22161.

X2. METRIC EQUIVALENTS

X2.1 The SI unit for strength properties now shown is in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). The derived SI unit for force is the newton (N), which is dened as that force which when applied to a body having a mass of one kilogram gives it an acceleration of one metre per second squared (N 5 kgm/s2). The derived SI unit for pressure or

stress is the newton per square metre (N/m2), which has been named the pascal (Pa) by the General Conference of Weights and Measures. Since 1 ksi 5 6 894 757 Pa the metric equivalents are expressed as megapascal (MPa), which is the same as MN/m2 and N/mm2.

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SUMMARY OF CHANGES This section identies the principle changes that have been incorporated since the 1988 issue as follows: (1) A comprehensive ve-year review was conducted. (2) The following sections were added: Chemical Composition, Temper, Electrical Resistivity, Mechanical Properties, Bend Test, Nondestructive Testing, Specimen Preparation, Certication, Mill Test Report, Keywords, and Summary of Change. (3) The following section was removed in favor of sections listed above: Mechanical and Electrical Requirements. (4) The following table was added: Table 2, Chemical Requirements.

The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ve years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

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