www.specialmetals.

com

The story of the “INCOLOY® alloys approved for INCOLOY alloy 800, and these were
listed to replace those covering INCONEL alloy 600. In
series,” from 800 through 800H, 1967, an external pressure vessel chart for Grade 1 was
800HT® added, and the following year the same addition was
made for Grade 2.
The INCOLOY® 800 series of alloys, invented by the In 1969, design stresses were increased as a result
Special Metals Corporation Group of Companies, is the of changes in the criteria to determine those stresses.
result of years of monitoring and maintaining the The minimum tensile strength curve was increased 10%
ultimate chemical properties for high-temperature and the rupture criterion was increased from 62.5 to
strength and resistance to oxidation, carburization and 67% of the extrapolated 100,000 hour rupture strength.
other types of high-temperature corrosion. Six months later, the Case was changed from covering
Each one a refinement of the one before, these Sections I and VIII to Section I only since the design

INCOLOY alloy 800

alloys have set the industry standard in high- stresses for Section VIII had been included in Table
temperature applications requiring optimum creep and UNF-23. There were also two sets of design stresses
rupture properties. listed for each grade, one giving the values when the
INCOLOY nickel-iron-chromium alloy 800 was two-thirds yield strength criterion was used, the other
introduced to the market in the 1950s to fill the need for when 90% of yield strength was used.
a heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy with a relatively
low nickel content since nickel was, at the time,
designated a “strategic” metal. Over the past forty years INCOLOY® alloy 800H
it has been widely used for its strength at high
temperatures and its ability to resist oxidation,
(UNS N08810)
carburization, and other types of high-temperature It had been known for some time that higher carbon
corrosion. Applications include furnace components alloy 800 had higher creep and rupture properties than
and equipment, petrochemical furnace cracker tubes, low-carbon material. For that reason, Special Metals
pigtails and headers, and sheathing for electrical heating had melted to a carbon range of 0.05 to 0.10% except
elements. for special orders where customers specified a lower
In 1963, the alloy was approved by the ASME carbon content. The carbon range of 0.05 to 0.10% is
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee, and the design within the ASTM and ASME specification limits for
stresses were published in Code Case 1325. For the first

®
alloy 800 and is in the upper portion of that range.
time, aluminum and titanium were listed as purposeful Special Metals generated data for this material and
additions (at 0.15 to 0.60% each), and annealed material presented them to the ASME Code. The Code approved
was differentiated from solution-annealed material. The higher design stresses for Section I and Divisions 1 and
new terms “Grade 1, annealed at approximately 1800°F 2 of Section VIII, which appeared in Code Case 1325-
(980°C)” and “Grade 2, annealed at approximately 7. Note that alloy 800H required not only a carbon
2100°F (1150°C)” came into use. The Code Case range of 0.05 to 0.10% but also an average grain size of
covered Sections I and VIII, and listed design stresses ASTM 5, or coarser.
for Grade 1 to 1100°F (593°C) and for Grade 2 to With the issuance of Code Case 1325-7 and the
1500°F (816°C). common use of the term “800H”, there was no longer a
Over the next few years, the Committee made need to refer to “Grade 2” because it was replaced by
several revisions. In 1965, extruded tube was accepted 800H, and the material that had been called Grade 1
as Grade 2 material without heat treatment. By the became, simply, INCOLOY alloy 800.
following year, ASTM specifications had been

Publication Number SMC-046 The data contained in this publication is for informational purposes only and
may be revised at any time without prior notice. The data is believed to be
Copyright © Special Metals Corporation, 2004 (Sept 04) accurate and reliable, but Special Metals makes no representation or warranty of
any kind (express or implied) and assumes no liability with respect to the
INCONEL, INCOLOY, MONEL, INCO-WELD, accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Although the
data is believed to be representative of the product, the actual characteristics or
INCOFLUX and 800HT are trademarks of the Special performance of the product may vary from what is shown in this publication.
Metals Corporation group of companies. Nothing contained in this publication should be construed as guaranteeing the
product for a particular use or application.
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

INCOLOY® alloy 800HT® Table 1 - Limiting Chemical Compositions, %, for

INCOLOY alloys 800, 800H, and 800HT
(UNS N08811)
General Requirements
Several other alloy manufacturers entered the alloy 800H UNS designation N08800 N08810 N08811
(UNS N08810) market and additional creep and rupture data
INCOLOY alloys 800 800H 800HT
became available. The Metals Property Council for ASME
gathered this data and made a new analysis using parametric Nickel 30.0-35.0 30.0-35.0 30.0-35.0
procedures, involving 87 heats and 1,052 data points. The Chromium 19.0-23.0 19.0-23.0 19.0-23.0
additional data, from other manufacturers, included results Iron 39.5 min. 39.5 min. 39.5 min.
with considerably lower strength, and the new analysis, Carbon 0.10 max. 0.05-0.10 0.06-0.10
which reflected the results of all the available data, resulted Aluminum 0.15-0.60 0.15-0.60 0.25-0.60
in a recommendation that the design stresses be revised. Titanium 0.15-0.60 0.15-0.60 0.25-0.60
These revised values were lower for temperatures of 1100
Aluminum + Titanium 0.30-1.20 0.30-1.20 0.85-1.20
through 1500°F (593-816°C), and about the same for 1600
ASTM grain size Not specified 5 or coarser 5 or coarser
and 1650°F (871 and 899°C).
Special Metals knew the importance of maintaining the Note: These alloys can be specified to more restrictive compositions on a
aluminum and titanium contents in the upper portion of the specific order basis.
specified material range. This resulted in higher creep and
stress rupture properties than competitive alloy 800H.
Therefore, to maintain higher allowable design stresses, the INCOLOY alloy 800H, special requirements*
company introduced a variation of INCOLOY alloy 800H Carbon 0.08 max.
which is called INCOLOY alloy 800HT (UNS N08811). Aluminum + Titanium 0.4-0.7
INCOLOY alloy 800HT has a restricted chemistry, within ASTM grain size Special
the limits of alloy 800H, and requires a heat treatment of
2100°F (1149°C) minimum. The carbon is 0.06 to 0.10% *As agreed for specific orders.
(alloy 800H is 0.05 to 0.10%), the Al + Ti is 0.85 to 1.20%
(alloy 800H is 0.30 to 1.20% Al + Ti).
Special grain size requirements*
The maximum allowable stresses for INCOLOY alloy INCOLOY alloys 800H and 800HT
800HT (UNS N08811) are contained in ASME Code Case
Plate ASTM 1-5
1987 – latest revision. The alloy meets all the requirements
Tube/Pipe ASTM 1-5
for UNS N08811 and N08810 (alloy 800H) and can be
certified to either or both UNS numbers. It is important to Sheet ASTM 2-5
note that INCOLOY alloy 800HT (UNS N08811) has higher *As agreed for specific orders.
maximum allowable design stresses than UNS N08810.
Therefore, other materials produced to UNS N08810 (alloy
800H) cannot be certified as UNS N08811 unless they meet INCOLOY® alloy 800
the additional requirements for this designation. INCOLOY
alloy 800HT is the result of years of monitoring and INCOLOY alloy 800 (UNS N08800/W. Nr. 1.4876) is a
maintaining the ultimate properties in this series of alloys by widely used material for construction of equipment
The Special Metals Corporation group of companies, the requiring corrosion resistance, heat resistance, strength, and
inventor of all the INCOLOY 800 series alloys. stability for service up to 1500°F (816°C). Alloy 800 offers
Information describing INCOLOY alloys 800H and general corrosion resistance to many aqueous media and, by
800HT is available in the Special Metals publication virtue of its content of nickel, resists stress corrosion
for alloys 800 and 800HT on the website cracking. At elevated temperatures it offers resistance to
www.specialmetals.com. oxidation, carburization, and sulfidation along with rupture
Limiting chemical composition of all three alloys are and creep strength. For applications requiring greater
given in Table 1. resistance to stress rupture and creep, especially at
temperatures above 1500°F (816°C), INCOLOY alloys
Note that the designation “800HT” is a trademark of the 800H and 800HT are used.
Special Metals Corporation group of companies. The limiting chemical composition of alloy 800 is
shown in Table 2. The chromium in the alloy imparts both
aqueous and heat resistance. Iron provides resistance to
internal oxidation. The nickel content maintains a ductile,
austenitic structure. Thus, alloy 800 is readily formed,
welded, and machined.

2
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

INCOLOY alloy 800 is used in a variety of applications Table 3 - Physical Constants

involving exposure to corrosive environments and high
temperatures. It is used for heat-treating equipment such as Density, lb/in3 .............................................................................0.287
baskets, trays, and fixtures. In chemical and petrochemical g/cm3..............................................................................7.94
processing, the alloy is used for heat exchangers and other
piping systems in nitric acid media especially where Melting Range, °F .............................................................2475-2525
resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking is required. °C.............................................................1357-1385
In nuclear power plants, it is used for steam-generator
tubing. The alloy is often used in domestic appliances for
Specific Heat, (32-212°F), Btu/lb•°F ...........................................0.11
sheathing of electric heating elements. In the production of
(0-100°C), J/kg•°C................................................460
paper pulp, digester-liquor heaters are often made of alloy
800. In petroleum processing, the alloy is used for heat
exchangers that air cool the process stream. Permeability at 70°F (21°C) and 200 oersted (15.9 kA/m)
Annealed...........................................................................1.014
Hot-Rolled ........................................................................1.009
Table 2 - Limiting Chemical Composition, %

Nickel ..................................................................................30.0-35.0 Curie Temperature, °F .................................................................-175

Chromium............................................................................19.0-23.0 °C.................................................................-115
Iron.......................................................................................39.5 min.
Carbon................................................................................0.10 max.
Table 4 - Modulus of Elasticitya
Manganese .........................................................................1.50 max.
Sulfur ................................................................................0.015 max. Tensile
Silicon ...................................................................................1.0 max. Temperature Shear Modulus Poisson’s
Modulus
Copper................................................................................0.75 max. Ratiob
°F 103 ksi 103 ksi
Aluminum ............................................................................0.15-0.60
-310 30.55 11.45 0.334
Titanium ..............................................................................0.15-0.60
75 28.50 10.64 0.339
200 27.82 10.37 0.341
400 26.81 9.91 0.353
Physical Constants and 600 25.71 9.47 0.357
Thermal Properties 800 24.64 9.04 0.363
1000 23.52 8.60 0.367
Some physical constants for INCOLOY alloy 800 are listed
1200 22.37 8.12 0.377
in Table 3. Values for modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s
1400 21.06 7.58 0.389
ratio of annealed material at various temperatures are given
in Table 4. The modulus data were determined by the 1600 19.20 6.82 0.408
dynamic method; values for Poisson’s ratio were calculated °C GPa GPa
Poisson’s
from moduli of elasticity. Thermal and electrical properties Ratio
of annealed material are given for a range of temperatures in -190 210.6 78.9 0.334
Table 5. Magnetic permeability of the alloy at low 20 196.5 73.4 0.339
temperatures is shown in Figure 1. 100 191.3 71.2 0.343
200 184.8 68.5 0.349
300 178.3 66.1 0.357
400 171.6 63.0 0.362
500 165.0 60.3 0.367
600 157.7 57.4 0.373
700 150.1 54.3 0.381
800 141.3 50.7 0.394

a
Determined by dynamic method.
b
Calculated from moduli of elasticity.

3
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

Table 5 - Electrical and Thermal Properties

Mechanical Properties
Electrical Thermal Coefficient of
Temperature
Resistivity Conductivity Expansiona INCOLOY alloy 800 has high mechanical strength over a
2 -6
broad temperature range. In general, alloy 800 is used for its
°F ohm•circ mil/ft Btu•in/ft •h°F 10 in/in/°F
strength characteristics at service temperatures up to about
70 595 80 - 1500°F (816°C). At those temperatures, equipment design is
100 600 83 - usually based on tensile properties. For applications that
200 620 89 7.9 require high creep or rupture strength, INCOLOY alloys
400 657 103 8.8 800H and 800HT are used.
600 682 115 9.0
800 704 127 9.2
1000 722 139 9.4 Tensile Properties
1200 746 152 9.6
INCOLOY alloy 800 exhibits high tensile properties at room
1400 758 166 9.9 and elevated temperatures. Figures 2 and 3 show tensile
1600 770 181 10.2 properties at temperatures to 1500°F (815°C) of hot-rolled
1800 776 214 - rod in the as-rolled and the annealed conditions. Tensile
2000 788 - - properties at room temperature and from 1200°F (650°C) to
°C µΩ •m W/m°C µm/m/°C 1800°F (980°C) of as-extruded tubing are given in Table 6.
20 0.989 11.5 -
Cold work substantially increases the tensile properties
of the alloy. Properties of cold-drawn rod in the as-drawn
100 1.035 13.0 14.4
condition are given in Table 7.
200 1.089 14.7 15.9
High-temperature hardness and tensile properties of
300 1.127 16.3 16.2 annealed and hot-rolled material are shown in Table 8.
400 1.157 17.9 16.5
500 1.191 19.5 16.8
600 1.223 21.1 17.1
700 1.251 22.8 17.5 Temperature, °C
800 1.266 24.7 18.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
90
900 1.283 27.1 - 600

1000 1.291 31.9 - 80 Tensile Strength

a 500
Between 70°F (21°C) and temperature shown. 70
Elongation, %

60 400
Temperature, °C

Stress, MPa
-140 -130 -120 -110 -100 50
5.0 Elongation
300
40
Stress, ksi

Yield Strength
30 (0.2% Offset)
200
4.0
20
100
10
Permeability

3.0 0
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Temperature, °F

2.0 Figure 2. High-temperature tensile properties of INCOLOY alloy

800 hot-rolled rod.

1.0
-220 -200 -180 -160 -140
Temperature, °F

Figure 1. Permeability of annealed INCOLOY alloy 800 at low

temperatures.

4
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

Temperature, °C Table 8 - Hardness and Tensile Properties of

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 INCOLOY alloy 800 at High Temperatures
100
Tensile Yield Strength
90 Temperature Hardness
600 Condition Strength (0.2% Offset)
BHN
80 Tensile Strength °F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa
Elongation, %

a
500 Annealed 80 25 138 85.5 590 36.2 250
70
800 425 120 74.1 511 24.9 172
60 1000 540 119 73.7 508 25.8 178

Stress, MPa
400

50 1200 650 110 58.7 405 25.5 176

Elongation 300 1300 705 97 46.3 319 25.3 174
40
1400 760 66 34.5 238 21.6 149
Stress, ksi

30 Hot-rolled 80 25 198 96.4 665 64.6 445

Yield Strength 200
(0.2% Offset) 800 425 170 84.5 583 52.0 359
20
1000 540 161 84.0 579 52.4 361
100
10 1200 650 145 65.3 450 48.3 333
0
1300 705 120 53.5 369 46.8 323
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1400 760 91 44.5 307 41.2 284
Temperature, °F
a
1800°F (980°C).
Figure 3. High-temperature tensile properties of INCOLOY alloy
800 hot-rolled rod, annealed 1800°F (980°C)/15 min.

Table 6 - Tensile Properties of INCOLOY alloy 800 Impact Strength

As-extruded Tubinga
Alloy 800 has high impact strength at room temperature and
Tensile Yield Strength Reduc- remains tough at cryogenic temperatures. The results of
Elong-
Temperature
Strength (0.2% Offset) tion of Charpy keyhole tests performed at room and low
ation,
%
Area, temperatures on annealed plate are listed in Table 9. Table 10
°F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa % shows the impact strength of annealed material after
85 30 76.0 524 26.6 183 60.0 – exposure to 1400°F (760°C) for up to 1500 hours.
1200 650 52.5 362 18.0 124 47.0 59.0
1400 760 30.3 209 15.7 108 85.0 73.0
1500 815 23.6 163 17.3 119 98.0 79.5 Compressive Properties
1600 870 16.0 110 13.5 93 109.5 92.5
The compressive yield strength of INCOLOY alloy 800 is
1700 925 11.8 81 9.2 63 111.5 93.0
essentially the same as the tensile yield strength.
1800 980 8.9 61 7.2 50 131.5 94.0
Compressive and tensile data for the alloy in two conditions
a
5-in (127-mm) O.D., 0.50-in (12.7-mm) wall. Full-wall specimens.
are given in Table 11.

Table 7 - Tensile Properties of INCOLOY alloy 800 Fatigue Strength

Cold-Drawn Roda
The room-temperature fatigue strength of alloy 800 rod in
Tensile Yield Strength Reduc-
Temperature Elong-
tion of
various conditions is shown in Table 12. The data are from
Strength (0.2% Offset) ation,
Area, rotating-beam tests on polished specimens. Rotating-beam
°F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa %
% fatigue strength at temperatures to 1600°F (870°C) of
85 30 111.8 771 100.0 690 17.0 64.0 annealed, cold-drawn rod is shown in Table 13. The room
200 95 107.5 741 95.0 655 16.0 63.3 temperature tensile strength of the material tested was 86.5
400 205 102.5 707 94.2 650 13.0 58.8
ksi (596 MPa).
Data on low-cycle fatigue properties of INCOLOY
600 315 99.5 686 93.0 641 12.0 56.6
alloy 800 are included in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
700 370 96.3 664 91.5 631 15.0 53.2
900 480 96.3 664 90.0 621 15.0 52.5
1000 540 93.0 641 86.3 595 16.5 54.0
1100 595 87.3 602 80.7 556 15.0 50.0
1200 650 78.5 541 66.8 461 19.5 44.5
1300 705 64.4 444 61.4 423 28.0 42.5

a
1-in (25-mm) diameter.
5
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

Table 9 - Impact Strength of INCOLOY alloy 800

10
Annealed Platea

Total axial strain range, %

Charpy Keyhole
Temperature
Specimen Orientation Impact Strength
°F °C ft•lbf J 1.0
INCOLOY alloy 800
70 21 Longitudinal 89.8 122
Transverse 82.7 112 INCOLOY alloy 800H &
INCOLOY alloy 800HT
-110 -79 Longitudinal 89.8 122
Transverse 85.0 115 0.1 2
10 103 104 105 106
-320 -196 Longitudinal 78.3 106 Cycles to failure
Transverse 69.5 94
-423 -253 Longitudinal 73.0 99 Figure 5. Low-cycle fatigue strength of alloys 800, 800H and
Transverse 64.3 87 800HT at 1000°F (540°C).

a
0.8-in (20-mm) thick plate, annealed 1800°F (980°C). Each value is the
average of three tests. 10

Total axial strain range, %

Table 10 - Room-Temperature Impact Strength of
Cold-Rolled, Annealed INCOLOY alloy 800 After INCOLOY alloy 800H &
INCOLOY alloy 800
Long-Time Exposure at 1400°F (760°C) 1.0
INCOLOY alloy 800HT

Charpy V-Notch Impact Strength

Exposure Time, h
ft•lbf J
0 106, 107, 108 144, 145, 146 0.1 1
10 102 103 104 105
500 96, 99, 100 130, 134, 136
Cycles to failure
1000 99, 99, 101 134, 134, 137
1500 96, 99, 100 130, 134, 136 Figure 6. Low-cycle fatigue strength of alloys 800, 800H and
800HT at 1200°F (650°C).

10
INCOLOY
alloy 800H
& INCOLOY
Total strain range, %

alloy 800HT INCOLOY alloy 800

70°F (21°C)
1.0

0.1 1
10 102 103 104 105
Cycles to failure

Figure 4. Low-cycle fatigue strength of alloys 800, 800H and

800HT. Bending strain was used for alloy 800; axial strain was
used for alloys 800H and 800HT.

6
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

Table 11 - Compressive Strength of INCOLOY alloy 800 Rod

Compression Tension
Yield Strength Yield Strength Yield Strength Yield Strength
Condition Tensile Strength
(0.02% Offset) (0.2% Offset) (0.02% Offset) (0.2% Offset)
ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa
Hot-Rolled Annealed 39.0 269 41.6 287 38.8 268 41.1 283 89.3 616
As-Extruded 21.0 145 25.4 175 21.0 145 27.5 190 69.5 479

Table 12 - Room-Temperature Fatigue Strengtha of INCOLOY alloy 800 Rod

Tensile Strength 104 Cycles 105 Cycles 106 Cycles 107 Cycles 108 Cycles
Material Condition
ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa
Hot-Rolled 92 634 57 393 54 372 53 365 52 359 51 352
Hot-Rolled Annealedb 82 565 47 324 43 296 38 262 35 241 31 214
Cold-Drawn 114 786 – – 65 448 49 338 37 255 33 228
Cold-Drawn Annealedb 82 565 48 331 43 296 39 269 36 248 32 221

a
Rotating-beam tests on polished specimens.
b
Annealed 1950°F (1065°C) /10 min, air cool.

Table 13 - Fatigue Strengtha of Cold-Drawn, Annealed INCOLOY alloy 800 Rod

Temperature 105 Cycles 106 Cycles 107 Cycles 108 Cycles

°F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa
85 30 47.0 324 43.0 296 42.5 293 42.0 290
800 425 47.0 324 43.0 296 42.5 293 42.0 290
1000 540 40.0 276 39.0 269 38.5 265 38.0 262
1400 760 - - 29.5 203 25.5 176 22.0 152
1600 870 – – 20.0 138 16.5 141 13.5 93
a
Rotating-beam tests on polished specimens, annealed 1600°F (870°C) /30 min, air cool.

Creep and Rupture Properties

Creep and rupture properties of INCOLOY alloy 800 in the annealed condition are shown in Figures 7 and 8. Alloy 800 is not
normally used for applications that require optimum creep-rupture properties. In those cases, INCOLOY alloys 800H or
800HT should be used.

100 600

930°F (500°C) 1000°F (540°C)

1100°F (595°C)

1200°F (650°C)
Stress, MPa

100
Stress, ksi

10
1300°F (705°C)

10
1
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0
Creep rate, %/h

Figure 7. Typical creep strength of annealed INCOLOY alloy 800.

7
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

100 600

1000°F (540°C) 930°F (500°C)

1100°F (595°C)

1200°F (650°C)
100

Stress, MPa
Stress, ksi

10 1300°F (705°C)

10

1
1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Rupture Life, h

Figure 8. Typical rupture strength of annealed INCOLOY alloy 800.

ASME Boiler and Pressure Microstructure and Metallurgy

Vessel Code INCOLOY alloy 800 is an austenitic, solid-solution alloy.
Titanium nitrides, titanium carbides, and chromium carbides
INCOLOY alloy 800 (UNS N08800) is approved under the normally appear in the alloy’s microstructure. The nitrides
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code of the American Society of are stable at all temperatures below the melting point and are
Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Rules for construction of therefore unaffected by heat treatment.
power boilers are defined under Section I, and those for Chromium carbides precipitate in the alloy at
pressure vessels under Section VIII, Divisions 1 and 2. temperatures between 1000 and 2000°F (540 and 1095°C).
Design stress values for alloy 800 for Section I and Consequently, alloy 800 is similar to other austenitic alloys
Section VIII, Division 1 construction are listed in Table 1B in that it can be rendered susceptible to intergranular
of section II (Materials), Part D (Properties). Construction is corrosion (sensitized) in certain aggressive environments by
permitted for service up to 1500°F (816°C). exposure to temperatures of 1000 to 1400°F (540-760°C).
Design stress values for alloy 800 for Section VIII, An important property of alloy 800 is its relative
Division 2 construction are listed in Table 2B of Section II freedom from chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Extensive
(Materials), Part D (Properties). Section VIII, Division 2 studies of stress-corrosion cracking of austenitic alloys in
construction is allowed for service up to 800°F (427°C). chloride solutions have shown that the tendency to crack
The use of alloy 800 for nuclear construction is decreases with increasing nickel content of alloy. For
addressed under Section III of the ASME Code and by Code example, INCONEL alloy 600, with a nickel content of
Cases N-20 and N-253. The design stress values for Section 76%, is considered to be immune to chloride-ion stress-
III, Class 1 construction are found in Table 2B of Section II corrosion cracking. INCOLOY alloy 800 (32.5% Ni) can be
(Materials), Part D (Properties). Design stress values for made to crack in severe laboratory tests, but it has such high
Section III, Class 2 construction are found in Table 1B of resistance that it is commonly used to replace materials that
Section II (Materials), Part D (Properties). have failed in service from stress-corrosion cracking.
Because of the extensive quality assurance and testing
required for material for nuclear construction, the designer
or fabricator is cautioned to be fully aware of the
requirements of Section III before beginning such
construction.

8
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

Corrosion Resistance
INCOLOY alloy 800, like many austenitic stainless steels, Information on corrosion resistance is available in
can be sensitized, or made susceptible to intergranular attack the Special Metals publication SMC-026, “Resistance
in some aggressive media, by exposure to the temperature to Aqueous Corrosion”, on the website,
range of 1000 to 1400°F (540–760°C). The Huey test www.specialmetals.com.
determines susceptibility to sensitization. The test involves
exposure of a specimen to boiling 65% nitric acid for five
consecutive 48-hour periods. An average corrosion rate for
the five periods of substantially over about 24 mils Working Instructions
penetration per year (0.61 mm/yr) indicates that the
specimen is sensitized to some degree. The time- The various mill forms of INCOLOY alloy 800 are
temperature-sensitization diagrams in Figures 12 and 13 fabricated into finished articles and equipment by standard
show Huey test rates for alloy 800 annealed at two different procedures. The alloy is readily formed by either hot
temperatures and exposed to a range of sensitizing working or cold working, and it has good weldability and
treatments. machinability.
When INCOLOY alloy 800 is exposed to heat from
welding or other operations, care should be taken to avoid
sensitization if the material is to be pickled or subjected to
other aggressive environments. Sensitization is not a Heating and Pickling
problem in most high-temperature applications.
All material to be heated must be clean. Oil, paint, grease,
shop soil and other foreign substances must be removed
prior to the heating operation.
1600
850
Heating must be performed in a low-sulfur atmosphere.
1500 Open heating must be done with low-sulfur fuel, and the
Sensitizing temperature, °C
Sensitizing temperature, °F

<10 mpy (<0.25 mm/y)

800
furnace atmosphere must be maintained in a reducing
1400
10-100 mpy 750 condition to prevent excessive oxidation.
1300
(0.25-2.5 mm/y) Because of the readiness with which chromium is
700
oxidized into a refractory oxide by air, carbon dioxide or
1200
500-1000 mpy
650 water vapor, alloy 800 cannot be bright annealed in the usual
(12.7-25 mm/y) industrial annealing furnace. Under closely controlled
600
1100
conditions, the alloy can be bright annealed in dry, pure
1000
100-500 mpy 550 hydrogen (dew point of -73°F (-58°C) or lower, less than
(2.5-12.7 mm/y)
0.004% by volume water, and less than 0.007% by volume
0.1 1.0 10.0 100
Time at temperature, h
air).
INCOLOY alloy 800 is normally annealed in box or
Figure 12. Time-temperature-sensitization diagram for INCOLOY muffle furnaces using prepared reducing atmospheres. A
alloy 800 annealed, 1750°F (955°C)/1h/waterquench. satisfactory atmosphere is formed by the products of
combustion from low-sulfur natural gas burned with a
deficiency of air. It produces a thin, adherent, green-black
1600 film of oxide on the material. Oxidizing atmospheres
100-1000 mpy <10 mpy (<0.25 mm/y) 850
produce a heavy black scale that is difficult to remove.
1500 (2.5-25 mm/y)
Removal of such scale often requires considerable grinding.
Sensitizing temperature, °C
Sensitizing temperature, °F

10-100 mpy 800

1400
(0.25-2.5 mm/y) Specific annealing procedures depend on the amount of
750
cold work and cross section of the material. The mechanical
1300 >1000 mpy 700 properties of heavily cold-worked material are only slightly
(>25 mm/y)
affected by temperatures below 1000°F (540°C). Stress
1200 650 relief begins at about 1000°F (540°C) and is virtually
600
complete after 1½ hours at 1600°F (870°C). Softening by
1100
annealing begins at about 1400°F (760°C) and is reasonably
1000
550 complete after 10 to 15 minutes at 1800°F (980°C).
Appreciable grain growth may occur at temperatures over
0.1 1.0 10.0 100
Time at temperature, h
1800°F (980°C). A satisfactory anneal, however, can usually
be obtained by 2 to 5 minutes heating at 1900°F (1040°C).
Figure 13. Time-temperature-sensitization diagram for INCOLOY The effects of annealing temperature on the grain size
alloy 800 annealed 2000°F (1095°C)/1 h/water quench. and room-temperature mechanical properties of a 1.2-in (30-

9
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

mm) diameter hot rolled rod are illustrated in Figure 14. The Machining
specimens were at temperature for 15 minutes and were air
cooled before being tested. Oxide films and scales formed Alloy 800 is readily machined by standard methods.
during heating can be removed by pickling. Because of the Turning operations can be performed with high metal-
alloy’s inherent resistance to chemical attack, specialized removal rates, good tool life, and good surface finish using
pickling procedures are needed. For additional information, coated carbide tools. Good results have also been obtained
refer to the Special Metals publication “Fabricating” on the with high-speed-steel tools, which are better for interrupted
Special Metals website at www.specialmetals.com. cutting. Coated carbide tools have shown good life at cutting
speeds of 110-190 sfpm (33.5-57.9 m/min) and a feed of
0.008-0.035 ipr (0.20-0.89 mm/rev.). High speed steel tools
have been shown to have good life at cutting speeds of 35-
Hot and Cold Forming 95 sfpm (10.7-29.0 m/min) and a feed of 0.008-0.035 ipr
(0.20-0.89 mm/rev.).
Hot forming of INCOLOY alloy 800 is done in the For additional information, refer to the Special Metals
temperature range of 1600 to 2200°F (870 to 1200°C). publication “Machining” on the Special Metals website at
Heavy forging should be done at temperatures from 1850°F www.specialmetals.com.
to 2200°F (1010°C to 1200°C). Forming at temperatures Note: The same machining parameters apply to INCOLOY
between 1200 and 1600°F (650-870°C) can result in alloy 800H and 800HT.
cracking of the workpiece.
The rate of cooling following hot forming is not critical
with respect to thermal cracking. However, the alloy is Joining
subject to carbide precipitation in the 1000-1400°F (540-
760°C) temperature range and should be cooled rapidly INCOLOY alloy 800 has good weldability by all welding
through that range to avoid sensitization. processes. Material to be welded must be thoroughly clean,
Cold forming of alloy 800 is done by procedures similar and the proper joint designs must be used. Detailed
to those used for INCONEL alloy 600 and stainless steel. information on surface preparation and joint designs as well
The work-hardening rate for alloy 800, shown in Figure 15, as welding techniques is available from Special Metals.
is higher than the rate for mild steel but lower than that for For shielded metal-arc welding of alloy 800, the
Type 304 stainless steel. The work-hardening rate for recommended welding product is INCO-WELD A
INCOLOY alloy 800 is essentially the same as the rate for Electrode. For gas-tungsten-arc, gas-metal-arc, and
INCONEL alloy 600. submerged-arc welding, INCONEL Filler Metal 82 is
For additional information on hot and cold forming, recommended. INCOFLUX 4 Submerged Arc Flux is used
refer to the Special Metals publication “Fabricating” on the with the submerged-arc process. These products may be
Special Metals website at www.specialmetals.com. used for most dissimiliar welding requirements with alloy
800 as well.
High-temperature tensile properties of INCO-WELD A
Electrode and INCONEL Filler Metal 82 are shown in
Figures 16 and 17. Stress-rupture properties of the
weldmetals are shown in Table 18.
For additional information, refer to the Special Metals
publication “Joining” on the Special Metals website at
www.specialmetals.com.

10
 INCOLOY ® alloy 800

Temperature, °C Temperature, °C
900 950 1000 1050 1100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
90 110
600
Tensile Strength
700
80 100
Stress, ksi

Hardness
500 90
70 600
Tensile Strength

Stress, MPa
80
60
Hardness/Rb

400 500
Elongation 70
50

Stress, MPa
Stress, ksi
in mm 60 400
300
40 .006
0.14 50
Elongation, %

Yield Strength .005

(0.2% Offset) 0.12 300
30 200 .004 0.10 40
.003 0.08 Yield Strength
Grain size 0.06 30 (0.2% Offset) 200
20 (average dia.) .002
0.04
100 .001 0.02
20
10 0 0
As 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 100
rolled Grain size
Temperature, °F 10

0 0
Figure 14. Effect of annealing temperature on properties of a 1.2- 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
in. (30-mm) diameter INCOLOY alloy 800 hot-rolled rod. Temperature, °F

Figure 16. High-temperature tensile properties of INCO-WELD A

Electrode (all-weld-metal specimens).
450
625
lloy
ONEL a
400 INC Temperature, °C
Steel 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
inless
04 Sta
Type 3 110
Diamond pyramid (Vickers) Hardness number

350
8 700
71 100
oy
all 00
300 L y8
NE allo 90 Tensile Strength
CO EL 00
IN ON lloy 4 600
INC EL a
MON 80
250 00
Nickel 2 500
70
200

Stress, MPa
Stress, ksi

Mild Steel 60 400

50
150
Copper 300
40 Yield Strength
100 (0.2% Offset)
30 200

50 Aluminum 20
100
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0 0
Cold reduction, % 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Temperature, °F
Figure 15. Effect of cold work on hardness of INCOLOY alloy 800
and other materials. Figure 17. High-temperature tensile properties of INCONEL FIller
Metal 82 (all-weld-metal specimens).

11
 Table 18 - Rupture Strengths of Welding Products (All-Weld-Metal Specimens) for INCOLOY alloy 800

Stressa for Rupture in

Temperature
www.specialmetals.com Welding Product 100 hours 1000 hours 10,000 hours
°F °C ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa
INCO-WELD A Electrode 1000 540 60.0 414 51.0 352 39.0 269
1200 650 35.0 241 24.5 196 16.0 110
1400 760 16.5 114 11.0 76 7.1 49
1600 870 7.0 48 3.65 25 1.9 13
1800 980 2.3 16 0.9 6 – –
INCONEL Filler Metal 82 1000 540 58.0 400 52.0 359 47.0 324
1200 650 36.0 252 27.5 190 20.5 141
1400 760 16.0 110 11.5 79 8.3 57
1600 870 6.8 47 3.5 24 1.75 12
1800 980 2.7 19 1.25 9 0.57 4

a
Values in bold are extrapolated.

Available Products and Pipe and Tubes - ASTM B 163 &

ASME SB 163 (Seamless Condenser &
Specifications Heat Exchanger Tubes), ASTM B 407/B
829 & ASME SB 407/SB 829 (Seamless
INCOLOY alloy 800 is designated as
Pipe & Tubes), ASTM B 514/B 775 &
UNS N08800 and Werkstoff Number
ASME SB 514/SB 775 (Welded Pipe),
1.4876. It is listed in NACE MR0175 for
ASTM B 515/B 751 & ASME SB
oil and gas service. Alloy 800 is available
515/SB 751(Welded Tubes), ASME
as pipe, tube, sheet, strip, plate, round
Code Case 1325 (All Product Forms),
bar, flat bar, forging stock, hexagon and
ASME N-20 (Cold Worked Seamless
wire.
Condenser and Heat Exchanger Tubes
Contact Special Metals for
for Nuclear Service), BS 3074NA15
specifications for welding products. For
(Seamless Pipe & Tubes), VdTÜV 412
ease of welder qualification, the ASME
(All Products), ISO 6207 (Seamless
Section IX “P” classification for
Tubing)
INCOLOY alloy 800 is “P45”. The
welding consumables previously
Other Product Forms - ASTM B 366
recommended for joining INCOLOY
& ASME SB 366 (Fittings)
alloy 800 have an ASME Section IX “F”
classification of “F43”.

Rod, Bar, Wire, Forgings, and

Forging Stock - ASTM B 408 & ASME
SB 408 (Rod & Bar), ASTM B 564 &
ASME SB 564 (Forgings), ASME Code
Case 1325 (All Product Forms), ASME
Code Case 1949 (Forgings), SAE/AMS
5766 (Rod & Bar), ISO 9723 (Rod &
Bar), ISO 9724 (Wire), ISO 9725
(Forgings), BS 3076NA15 (Rod & Bar),
BS 3075NA15 (Wire), VdTÜV 412 (All
Products) U.S.A.
Special Metals Corporation
Plate, Sheet, and Strip - ASTM A 3200 Riverside Drive
240/A 480 & ASME SA 240/SA 480 Huntington, WV 25705-1771
(Plate, Sheet, and Strip), ASTM B 409/B Phone +1 (304) 526-5100
906 & ASME SB 409/SB 906 (Plate, +1 (800) 334-4626
Sheet, and Strip), ASME Code Case Fax +1 (304) 526-5643
1325 (All Product Forms), ASME Code
Case 2339 (Plate), SAE/AMS 5871 United Kingdom
(Plate, Sheet, and Strip), BS 3072NA15 Special Metals Wiggin Ltd.
Holmer Road
(Plate & Sheet), BS 3073NA15 (Strip), Hereford HR4 9SL England
VdTÜV 412 (All Products), ISO 6208 Phone +44 (0) 1432 382200
(plate, sheet and strip) Fax +44 (0) 1432 264030