Science,

Technology
And Society
(Complimentary and Alternative
Medicine)

SUBMITTED BY:
Mary Rose Anne Q. Clavio
Eranio Borja
Lotis Cruz
Athena Jacinto
Aljohn Manapol
John Paul Nedic
John Prince Salvador
GROUP 4

SUBMITTED TO:
Teresita dela Cruz, R.N
 PHILIPPINE ALTERNATIVE AND TRADITIONAL
MEDICINE
Traditional medicine also known as indigenous health knowledge and
practices include approaches, knowledge and beliefs incorporating plants, animal
and /or mineral based medicines, spiritual therapies, manual techniques and exercises,
applied singularly or in combination to maintain well-being, as well as treat,
diagnose or prevent illness
Filipino Traditional Medicine has been in practice for more than a thousand years
as recorded in the annals of Asian travelers starting circa the 8th century A.D. Even
before the Spanish colonial era in the Philippines (1521-1898), traders from China, India
and Persia have been visiting the islands of Southeast Asia. Thus, health scholars will be
able to trace influences of the Great Traditions in Medicine, namely, Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM), Ayurvedic Indian Medicine and Yunani-Tibb (Greek-Persian)
Medicine in Filipino Traditional Medicine.

A.) ALBULARYO

In the rural areas, by tradition and because of chronic economic constraints, the
albularyos are the general practitioners, the primary dispensers of health care. As with the
other healers, there is usually a history of a healer in the family-line and their healing
considered a "calling," a power or ability bestowed by a supernatural being, often,
attributed to the Holy Spirit. Often lacking in formal education, his skills are based on
and honed from hand-me-down practices and lore, with a long period of understudy or
apprenticeship with a local healer.
In a country with numerous and diverse ethnic communities, the dissimilarities in
healing practices come as no surprise. The albularyos minister to rural communities with
animistic and mythological ethos, profoundly differing from region to region. In the
southern Tagalog areas, the mythological landscape is populated by dwarfs, nunos,
lamang lupas, tikbalangs and kapres - creatures that often complicate the conundrum of
pathophysiology.
Consequently, many of the albularyo's diagnostic rituals (tawas, luop) and
treatment modalities (tapal, lunas, kudlit, pang-kontra, bulong, orasyon) are affected by
the belief in these creatures and to the maladies they cause: na-nuno, na-dwende, na-
lamang-lupa.
Although most are available for daily consultations, some practice their craft only
on tuesdays and fridays, days of the week coinciding with the feast of the Sto. Niño and
the feast of the Black Nazarene, when they believe their healing powers to be at their
optimum.

B.) FAITH HEALERS

In the hierarchy of Philippine alternative healers, faith healers belong to a separate

category of 'specialization.' Their numbers are uncertain. A spiritist group in the
Philippines - the Union Espiritista Christiana de Filipinas - has an estimated 10,000
members trained in mediumistic-healing scattered throughout the Philippines.
 Some started their healing craft as albularyos, medicos or hilots. Although their
healing ways differ, they share an attribution of their healing power to a higher being -
often, a gift bestowed on them by the Holy Spirit; or, that they are merely healing
mediums of the Holy Spirit. Most remembers a divine encounter, a mystical experience,
or in their childhood or early adult life, a spiritual possession or being "entered" by a
being, and a life thereafter, being guided into the path of healing.
On one end of the spectrum of faith healers, there are those like the albularyos,
manghihilots and other healers, their healing rituals replete with ingredients of religiosity,
icons, prayers and invocations, using the same divining ways of tawas and luop,
diagnosing black elves, evil spirits, possessions and sorcery as causes of maladies,
dispensing their fringe concoctions of treatments.
On the other end are the faith healers practicing on the fringe: the psychic healers,
healing at the distance; the healers whispering and blowing prayers to the diseased areas;
healers anointing the bodies with flowers dipped in coconut oil infused with prayers;
healers anointing the diseased areas with their own saliva; healers passing icons or
crucifixes over the body. But from whatever end of the spectrum, it exacts some degree
of faith. . . a modicum to a martyrdom of faith.
And to this group of healers belong the psychic surgeons, those who perform
bare-handed surgery, without the traditional surgical accoutrements. And, they are but a
small number; perhaps, over a hundred, and a mere handful, considered "outstanding."

C.) FRINGE THERAPIES

When a paella of cultures, magic, religion, and the medical needs of a people
merge, alternative therapies will likely offer a motley bag of of options, from near-
mainstream to new-age to way-out fringe. Most of Philippine alternative medicine will
qualify for a "Fringe" classification.
Many of the folkloric therapies (tawas, tapal, lunas, kudlit) with its varied prayer-
form ingredients (bulong, orasyon) common to the alternative armamentarium of healing
modalities and often first-line therapies in rural health care, would easily qualify as
"fringe" to the urban-suburbanites and burgis, attuned to the traditional western
modalities of healthcare.

• Anting-anting
The anting-anting, the Philippine amulet, is an essential part of the Filipino folk
credo and mythological makeup.
To the millenarians of Mount Banahaw and the other societies, brotherhoods and
religious cults, the Infinito Dios (Bathala), the ancient Tagalog God, is the most
powerful. The Infinito Dios was used as amulet, drawn on vests worn to deflect the
bullets from the invading American forces.
In the Philippines, anting-anting is all-inclusive. Some places refer to it as agimat,
bertud, or galing. Often, it is referred to simply as: "Anting." May anting iyan. . . .
Malakas ang anting.
Oraciones (oracion, orasyon) are short prayers used to empower the anting-anting.
The pamako (crucify) is meant to paralyze the opponent. The tagabulag (blind) can make
one invisible to the enemy. Kabal at kunat can make one invulnerable to bolo cuts. The
tagaliwas can cause bullets to deflect.
In its most popular and generic form, the anting-anting is an amulet, inscripted or
engraved, worn as a neckpiece. But it exists in many other forms. It could be a prayer
(orasyon) in short esoteric combinations of colloquial and Latin mumbo-jumbos, written
in a piece of paper, folded and walleted, or sewn in a small cloth pouch, worn pinned,
exposed or hidden from view. Or, It could be a small stone, a crocodile tooth or a piece of
dried fruit, the latter sewn in a pouch.
Of the commercial anting-antings, the most popular is the one used for exorcism
of the nakulam or na-engkanto (hexed or bewitched). Then there are those used as
gayuma (love charms), one of which is the "soft" anting - "malambot na anting" — to
which is attributed the holder's easy ways with women. There are antings for business
and good fortune, for travel, passing exams and easy childbirths. There are amulets to
protect against physical dangers—snakes, fires, accidents, ambushes and bullets; amulets
to protect against evil spirits—nuno sa punso, black dwarfs, tikbalangs (half-man half-
horse creatures), and other elementals. And there is the macabre and ghoulish anting, the
powers obtained and sustained from regular drinking of shots of lambanog drawn from a
large glass container (bañga) with an alcohol-preserved aborted fetus at the

• Kudlit

KUDLIT is the most frequently suggested and performed treatment for dog,
animal and other presumed venomous bites. The practice of "kudlit" involves the
application of numerous superficial (razor) blade cuts, as many as 30-100, in the areas
adjacent to or surrounding the bite, inducing multiple bleeding sites that is believed to
release the "kamandag" (poison). Follow-up visits and treatments - in one week, one
month and six months - are common, and even after a year , despite the absence of any
signs or symptoms, if the arbularyo suspects that the 'kamandag' or poison is still present,
most patients will readily consent to another 'kudlit' treatment.

• Kulam

In the rural areas, after all the treatment modalities - the physician's, the
albularyo's, the hilot's, and other healers - have failed, patients and families often resign
to the possibility that the illness was caused by "kulam" - a spell, na-kulam, na-enkanto,
na-nuno, na-duwende, or na-asuwang. These various modalities of hexing or spell-casting
continue to be prominent in the mythology and rural tenets of health and healthcare.
The treatment modality, considered by some as another form of prayer, is usually
in the purview of an albularyo who has specialized in the craft of antidotes and
counterspells (pangkontra). Sometimes, the spell or counterspell is written in a piece of
paper (left insert) and the name of the involved person 'pinned' with needles, small nails
or pins. Although "kulam' conjures up images of full moons, howling dogs, needles and
rag-dolls, it is, as often, dispensed as "good spells" concocted for an endless variety of
mundane concerns.
 • Bintusa

Bintusa is a form of massage therapy used for a variety of musculoligamentous

complaints (back pain and muscle strains) or muscle fasciculations and tremors that is
often attributed to "too much air" or "bad air" (masamang hangin).Prior to the bintusa, a
diagnostic procedure called "hihilaan" may be done. A strip of cellophane from a pack of
cigarettes is smoothed out with coconut oil. This is gently placed on the surface of the
affected area and gently pulled, lightly skimming the surface. Where it sticks or gets
stuck resisting the pull, is presumed to be the areas afflicted. Coconut oil is applied and a
short massage done before the bintusa procedure.
In lieu of the cellophane strip, strips taken from banana leaves or other medicinal plants
may be used.
A broad-base cloth wick. usually with a coin serving as base, is saturated with
fresh coconut oil, made to stand on the skin and then lit up. A drinking glass is placed
upside-down over this lighted wick and pressed firmly onto the skin. As the light
extinguishes, a vacuum is produced, the skin and soft tissues inside the glass are drawn
upward. The glass is then slid over the involved area producing a cooling and massaging
effect. Sometimes the sliding of the glass over the affected area is intolerably painful. In
this case, the glass is removed and placed anew on another area. The juice of a fresh
garlic clove is applied over the area just massaged to seal the skin and prevent outside air
from entering the pores with its unpleasant consequences. The patient is advised not to
bathe for 24 hours. The procedure is repeated daily, as often as needed.

• Suob

Suob is a ritual of postpartum care performed two to three weeks after childbirth.
Prior to the "suob," whole body massages are performed by the midwife "hilot" for 18-21
days after a first-born and for 14 days for subsequent births. The massages last 20 to 30
minutes, twice daily for four days, every afternoon for 4 days, every morning for another
four days, then alternate mornings and afternoons for a total of 18 to 21 days. The
massages are believed to hasten the mother's return to health and healing of her
obstetrical wounds. During these 2 to 3 weeks, bathing, other than sponge baths, is
prohibited.
On the 18th day, preparations are started for the ritual of "suob." Nine to ten
indigenous herbal ingredients (palad ng buli, payang-payang, sambong, salay, balingway,
pakpak-lawin, galamay-amo, balat ng sahi, balat ng buboy, bayabas) are collected and
placed in a big wok-like ware, at the center of which is placed an indigenous rock
(batong-buhay) of sufficient size for the mother to sit on.
The wok is filled with water and brought to a boil. The decoction is collected and
a subsequent boilings are done until there is a sufficient amount for bathing.
The following morning, and only on a sunlit day, the hilot bathes the mother sitting on
the "batong buhay" with the decoction collected the previous day. After the bathing, the
husband is instructed to collect all the residual herbal ingredients and to place it in a
crossroad ("crus ng daan" or the cross of a road).
In the afternoon, the suob procedure is performed. On the same wok, a fire is
started and brought to fiery embers. To this is placed "insenso kamangyan" (a
combination of chinese incense and a local "tawas" material purchased inexpensively
from the local drugstore: (graphic). Smoke is generated in the process. The mother,
wrapped in a loose blanket or duster wear, straddles the wok and catches the smoke into
her lower extremities and bare perineal area. After 5 to 10 minutes, the wok with the
residuum of the still smoking insenso-kamangyan is taken once around the outside of the
house and finally placed in the crawl space of the bedroom (if there is one) or the head of
the bed. The ritual is believed to drive away the evil spirits that might impede the
mother's full recovery. Later, a special meal is prepared and shared by the family
members with the hilot.

Traditional Medicines

1. Lagundi (Vitex negundo) - known in English as the "5-leaved chaste tree". It's main
use is for the relief of coughs and asthma.

2. Sambong (Blumea balsamifera)- English name: Blumea camphora. A diuretic that

helps in the excretion of urinary stones. It can also be used as an edema.

3. Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam.) - Prepared like tea, this herbal medicine is
effective in treating intestinal motility and also used as a mouth wash since the leaves of
this shrub has high fluoride content.

4. Yerba Buena (Clinopodium douglasii) - commonly known as Peppermint, this vine is

used as an analgesic to relive body aches and pain. It can be taken internally as a
decoction or externally by pounding the leaves and applied directly on the afflicted area
.
5. Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica L.) - is a vine known as "Chinese honey suckle". It
is effective in the elimination of intestinal worms, particularly the Ascaris and Trichina.
Only the dried matured seeds are medicinal -crack and ingest the dried seeds two hours
after eating (5 to 7 seeds for children & 8 to 10 seeds for adults). If one dose does not
eliminate the worms, wait a week before repeating the dose.

6. Bayabas or guava or guava fruit is known for being rich in vitamin C and vitamin A.
It is used in herbal medicine as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, antioxidant
hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, anti-plasmodial, anti-cough, antidiabetic,
and antigenotoxic.

7. Akapulko is leaves are also known to be sudorific, diuretic and purgative, used to treat
intestinal problems including intestinal parasites. Akapulko is also used as herbal
medicine to treat bronchitis and asthma. Because of Akapulko’s anti-fungal properties, it
is a common ingredient in soaps, shampoos, and lotions in the Philippines.
8. Pansit-pansitan (family: Piperaceae) is an herbal medicine also known as Ulasiman-
bato, olasiman-ihalas & tangon-tangon in the Philippines. English name: peperomia. For
the herbal treatment of skin disorders like abscesses, pimples and boils, pound the leaves
and/or the stalks and make a poultice (boil in water for a minute or two then pounded)
then applied directly to the afflicted area. Likewise a decoction can be used as a rinse to
treat skin disorders.

9. Bawang or garlic, is a specie in the onion family Alliaceae. Bawang is a close relative
of onion (sibuyas), the shallot, the leek and the chive Bawang is claimed to help prevent
heart disease including atherosclerosis, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and cancer.
Bawang contains antibacterial compound known as Allicin, Because of this bawang or
garlic is known as nature's antibiotic. Bawang juice inhibits the growth of fungi and
viruses thus prevents viral, yeast and viral infections. Preliminary test shows Bawang to
have some positive results in the treatment of AIDS.

10. Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) leaves and fruits are excellent sources of Vitamin
B, iron, calcium, and phosphorus. It is also rich in beta carotene. Ampalaya is used as
herbal treatment for diabetes, HIV, coughs, skin diseases, sterility in women, parasiticide,
antipyretic and as purgative among others.

Tips on Handling Medicinal Plants / Herbs:

• If possible, buy herbs that are grown organically - without pesticides.

• Medicinal parts of plants are best harvested on sunny mornings. Avoid picking leaves,
fruits or nuts during and after heavy rainfall.
• Leaves, fruits, flowers or nuts must be mature before harvesting. Less medicinal
substances are found on young parts.
• After harvesting, if drying is required, it is advisable to dry the plant parts either in the
oven or air-dried on screens above ground and never on concrete floors.
• Store plant parts in sealed plastic bags or brown bottles in a cool dry place without
sunlight preferably with a moisture absorbent material like charcoal. Leaves and other
plant parts that are prepared properly, well-dried and stored can be used up to six months.

Tips on Preparation for Intake of Herbal Medicines:

• Use only half the dosage prescribed for fresh parts like leaves when using dried parts.
• Do not use stainless steel utensils when boiling decoctions. Only use earthen,
enamelled, glass or alike utensils.
• As a rule of thumb, when boiling leaves and other plant parts, do not cover the pot, and
boil in low flame.
• Decoctions loose potency after some time. Dispose of decoctions after one day. To keep
fresh during the day, keep lukewarm in a flask or thermos.
• Always consult with a doctor if symptoms persist or if any sign of allergic reaction
develops.
 Complimentary Medicine
1.) Acupuncture

The intent of acupuncture therapy is to promote health and alleviate pain and
suffering. The method by which this is accomplished, though it may seem strange and
mysterious to many, has been time tested over thousands of years and continues to be
validated today.
The perspective from which an acupuncturist views health and sickness hinges on
concepts of "vital energy," "energetic balance" and "energetic imbalance." Just as the
Western medical doctor monitors the blood flowing through blood vessels and the
messages traveling via the nervous system, the acupuncturist assesses the flow and
distribution of this "vital energy" within its pathways, known as "meridians and
channels".

The acupuncturist is able to influence health and sickness by stimulating certain

areas along these "meridians". Traditionally these areas or "acupoints" were stimulated
by fine, slender needles. Today, many additional forms of stimulation are incorporated,
including herbs, electricity, magnets and lasers. Still, the aim remains the same - adjust
the "vital energy" so the proper amount reaches the proper place at the proper time. This
helps your body heal itself.

Acupuncture is just one form of therapy used within the coherent system of healing
known as Oriental Medicine. Oriental Medicine includes herbology, physical therapy,
dietetics and special exercises (such as Tai Chi and Qi Gong), and is a complete medical
system unto itself and is not another branch of modern Western medicine. Acupuncture
evolved from principles and philosophies unique to Oriental thinking and Oriental
Medicine, and is most effectively applied when done in accordance with those principles.

2.) Acupressure

Acupressure (a blend of "acupuncture" and "pressure") is a complementary

medicine technique derived from acupuncture. In acupressure physical pressure is applied
to acupuncture points by the hand, elbow, or with various devices.

Traditional Chinese medicine's (TCM) acupuncture theory predates use of the

scientific method, and has received various criticisms based on scientific thinking. The
anatomical or histological basis of acupuncture points or meridians, if they actually exist,
is unknown. Acupuncturists tend to perceive TCM concepts in functional rather than
structural terms, i.e. as being useful in guiding evaluation and care of patients.
Neuroimaging research suggests that certain acupuncture points have distinct effects that
are not otherwise predictable anatomically.

According to the principles of TCM, qi flows through the body via 14 primary
meridians or channels. To strengthen the flow of qi,or remove blockages in the meridians,
an acupuncturist inserts a number of tiny, sterile, flexible needles just under the skin at
certain specific points (called acupoints) along the channels. There are four to five
hundred named acupoints along the meridians, some of which are associated with
specific internal organs or organ systems. If you are suffering from nausea, for example,
needles might be inserted into acupoints on your wrist, while a vision problem might be
treated with needles in the foot. (Additional ear, scalp, and hand points are also
commonly used by some practitioners.) Acupuncture practitioners believe that the
therapy stimulates the body’s internal regulatory system and nurtures a natural healing
response.

3.) Reflexology

Reflexology is the practice of applying pressure to the feet and hands utilizing
specific thumb, finger and hand techniques without the use of oil, cream or lotion based
on a system of zones and reflex areas that reflect an image of the body on the feet and
hands with a premise that such work effects a physical change in the body.

A reflexology chart mirrors a reflection of the body on the feet and hands, left
foot or hand representing the body's left half and right foot or hand its right half. In
reflexology practice, technique is applied to the relevant reflex area(s) to prompt a change
in the related part of the body. Research has demonstrated such effects for several reflex
areas and their reflected parts of the body, i. e. the kidney reflex areas and the kidneys;
the intestine reflex areas and the intestines and the brain reflex area and the brain.

Around the world and throughout history, reflexology has been rediscovered time
and time again. Archeological evidence points to ancient reflexology medical practices in
Egypt (2330 BCE), China (2704 BCE) and Japan (690 CE).

In the West, the concept of reflexology began to emerge in the 19th century with
European and Russian research into the nervous system and reflex- think Pavlov. Reflex
therapies were created as medical practices but were soon eclipsed by use of surgery and
drugs. The ideas of reflex use for health improvement were carried on sporadically and
brought to American in 1909 by Dr. William Fitzgerald, an eye-ear and nose specialist
from Connecticut. Physiotherapist Eunice Ingham is credited with developing a system of
reflex areas by 1938.

In the East, ancient Chinese techniques were re-discovered in the 1980Õs and
have spread throughout Asia creating today's reflexology-rich environment with
reflexology paths in parks and a thriving reflexology industry of practitioners, businesses
and research.

Benefits

• Creates relaxation: From the moment the reflexologistÕs hands start their work,
the relaxation begins as shown in research using EEG brain activity. All together,
24 studies demonstrate reflexologyÕs relaxation effects.
 • Reduces pain: Pain reduction following reflexology work is documented in 27
studies including research showing impact on individuals of all ages and health
states
• Ameliorates health concerns: Research shows that reflexology work helps
indiviuals of all ages with some 78 health concerns ranging from aggressive
behavior Êin children to urinary concerns of the elderly.
• Improves blood flow: Separate studies show that reflexology work increases
blood flow to the feet, brain, kidneys and intestines.
• Aids post-operative recovery: Reflexology work aids recovery after surgery as
shown by several studies, reducing pain and lessening the use of post operative
analgesics.
• Impact on physiological measures (e. g. blood pressure and cholesterol;
measurements by ECG, EEG, and fMRI)
• Enhances medical care: Reflexology helps where nothing else can for many:
phantom limb pain sufferers, neuropathy patients, and hemodialysis patients to
name a few.
• Benefits mental health: Research demonstrates that reflexology can reduce
depression (11 studies) and anxiety (9 studies).
• Complements cancer care: Pain, nausea, vomiting, and/or anxiety eased for
chemotherapy patients following reflexology work as shown by16 studies fom 7
countries.
• Eases pregnancy, delivery and post-partum effects: Women who received
reflexology experienced shorter labor times and used less analgesia. In addition,
reflexology showed a positive impact on postpartum depression, anxiety,
urination and bowel movements.

4). Shiatsu

The Japanese shiatsu massage is a way of relaxation, but in its main theory shiatsu
is a holistic bodywork. Shiatsu massage uses acupressure techniques using hand, thumbs,
elbows and knees. The acupressure technique has its roots from the acupuncture therapy
and Traditional Chinese Medicine. The difference between the acupuncture and
acupressure is that in the first case the practitioner uses very thin needles but in the case
of acupressure the therapist uses the deep tissue pressure on the twelve body meridians.
Oriental shiatsu became very popular in Japan. At least one member of a Japanese family
(usually women) practiced shiatsu massage to help their family members. Because of its
many benefits shiatsu massage is considered to be a healing therapy, but I have to argue
that. Shiatsu massage therapy is not healing the disease itself. Shiatsu has a direct affect
on the meridians.Shiatsu techniques help to unblock the meridian points where the chi is
blocked and causes health problems. The oriental medicine philosophy says that the main
cause of diseases is in the unbalanced chi in the body. Shiatsu massage is used to reach
the harmony of chi in the human body

Essence of shiatsu. The characteristic of shiatsu as defined by Namikoshi is to apply

pressure using only the fingers, palms and especially the thumbs on points that have been
related to the central and autonomic nervous systems. Masanuga, who identified
reflections of the acupuncture channels in the arms and legs, considered that a shiatsu
treatment should a) involve the whole body, b) require a focused practitioner sensitive to
the energy distributions of the body, and c) provide an extra dimension of connection and
support (using both hands where one 'listens' and the other acts). In both styles, however,
the essence of shiatsu is "Diagnosis and Therapy combined."

"Diagnosis and Therapy combined" is the ability of the practitioners to use their
sensory organs (palms, fingers, and thumbs) to detect disharmonies in the energetic
components of the body, (such as stiffness or slackness at or within its surface), and to
perform empirically established routines to correct these problems. To acquire this skill
takes considerable experience. The defining difference between shiatsu therapy and
modern and Kampo medicine (also known as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), such
as acupuncture and moxibustion) is this "Diagnosis and Therapy combined".

In shiatsu therapy, however, practitioners can also promote the prevention and
recovery of illnesses by stimulating the immune system and natural healing power that
people already possess without treating a specific problem. Treating the body as a whole,
so they say, helps to restore the physical functions of the nervous system, circulatory
system, bone structure, muscles, and internal secretion and stimulates the whole of the
mind and body to find harmony. Skilled shiatsu practitioners can contribute considerably
to regional health and medical treatments.

15.) Pranic healing

Pranic healing is done by sending prana (the "universal life force") from the
practitioner’s body to diseased or affected parts of another person’s body. The force
stimulates cells and tissues, restores normal activity, and allows waste material to leave
the system. It involves the use of passes and the laying on of hands.

The prana is a vital physical force, that exists universally, which underlies all
physical actions of the body. It causes the circulation of the blood, movement of cells,
and all motions which life of the body depends. It is a force sent forth from the nervous
system by an effort of the will to direct healing.

Prana also is known by different names such as ch’I in Chinese medicine and ki in
Japanese medicine; the Japanese call healing by touch "giving seiki."

The individual receives prana from the food eaten, water drank, and air breathed.
All force or energy received comes from one primal source, and everyone can increase
their supply and give it as a "gift" to others through healing. By the act of living each
receives this gift and therefore can freely share it with others.

The amount of prana which everyone possesses can be increased through

visualization. For example, when one takes a deep breath one can visualize the prana, or
vital force, coming into his body, circulating through it, and penetrating every part of it.
One can visualize this prana, the love of the Lady and the Lord, building up in himself or
herself. (see Visualization)

Correct breathing establishes an equilibrium between positive and negative

currents. It calms the nervous system, regulates and slows heart activity, reduces blood
pressure, and stimulates digestion.

Before a session of pranic healing the following exercises are recommended:

1. (a) slowly breath in through the nose to a mental count of eight;

(b) slowly exhale through the nose to a mental count of eight;
2. -c- slowly breath in through the nose to a mental count of eight;
(d) hold breath to count of four;
(e) slowly exhale through mouth to mental count of eight.

When doing (d) feel the pranic energy throughout the entire body.
When doing (e) feel all negativity go out of the body.

Before beginning a pranic healing session, the practitioner should draw a circle,
even an imaginary one, around the patient and fill it with white light. This should be done
whenever possible. If done in a hospital, or a like facility, or even in a home, the patient’s
bed is within the circle.

Now the practitioner is ready to begin the healing process. The patient should be
laying with his head toward the east whenever possible. The patient does not have to be
naked, but some believe the process is more effective when both he and the practitioner
are naked. The patient should close his eyes and concentrate trying to see himself
encompassed in a ball of white light. If the practitioner is right handed he should kneel in
a position to the left of the patient’s legs. The practitioner then reaches forwards, with
arms extended holding the hands with palms inward, taking a deep breath, he passes each
hand on both sides of the patient’s body, almost close enough to touch the skin (about
one inch away from the body surface) from the head to the feet. After each pass along the
body has been completed the practitioner shakes his hand vigorously as if to shake water
off of them. This is get rid of all the negativity which the practitioner has drawn from the
patient. Repeat this process at least seven times, preferably more. Afterwards, the
practitioner sits quietly resting, as the healing process can be exhausting, while he views
the patient in the white light. When the practitioner has gotten his breath he repeats
exercises "1" and "2." The next process is for the practitioner to place his hands on the
sides of the patient’s head with the thumbs gently resting on the temples. The practitioner
concentrates (with eyes closed if he wishes) sending all of his energy into the patient, all
of the goodness and love from the Lady and the Lord which is being channeled through
him to the patient. Afterwards, once again, the practitioner sits back and rests as he sees
the patient in the white light.

The above process is next applied to the patient’s heart. The practitioner places
his hands over the heart sending energy to it. After resting again, the practitioner places
his hands on the patient’s afflicted area such as the stomach, leg, or shoulder, sending
energy to it.After his final rest period, the practitioner should picture the patient in the
ball of light. This completes the healing process.The practitioner may feel exhausted after
the completed healing process, which usually is the case. While some say the feeling of
exhaustion is a sign that the healing process was not successful, other disagree stating
that exhaustion shows that there was a transference of energy between practitioner and
patient designating that a good healing process occurred.When the patient is not present,
a good photograph of him can be used in pranic healing, sometimes referred to as
absentee healing.

6.) Reiki

Reiki was developed by Mikao Usui in 1922 whilst performing Isyu Guo, a
twenty-one day Buddhist training course held on Mount Kurama.[18] It is not known for
certain what Usui was required to do during this training, though it most likely involved
meditation, fasting, chanting, and prayer. It is claimed that by mystical revelation, Usui
had gained the knowledge and spiritual power to apply and attune others to what he
called Reiki, which entered his body through his crown Chakra. In April 1922, Usui
moved to Tokyo and founded the Usui Reiki Ryōhō Gakkai " in Traditional Mandarin,
meaning Usui's Spiritual Energy Therapy Method Society) in order to continue treating
people on a large scale with Reiki.

According to the inscription on his memorial stone, Usui taught Reiki to over
2000 people during his lifetime, and sixteen of these students continued their training to
reach the Shinpiden level, a level equivalent to the Western third, or Master/Teacher,
degree. While teaching Reiki in Fukuyama , Usui suffered a stroke and died on 9 March
1926.

Five Principles

Usui was an admirer of the literary works of the Emperor Meiji. While in the
process of developing his Reiki system, Usui summarised some of the emperor's works
into a set of ethical principles, which later became known as the Five Reiki Precepts (五
戒 Gokai, meaning "The Five Commandments," from the Buddhist teachings of being
prohibited against killing, thievery, sexual misconduct, lying, and for intemperance). It is
common for many Reiki teachers and practitioners to abide by these five precepts, or
principles.
10.) Chiropractic
Chiropractic is from Greek words meaning done by hand. It is grounded in the
principle that the body can heal itself when the skeletal system is correctly aligned and
the nervous system is functioning properly. To achieve this, the practitioner uses his or
her hands or an adjusting tool to perform specific manipulations of the vertebrae. When
these bones of the spine are not correctly articulated, resulting in a condition known as
subluxation, the theory is that nerve transmission is disrupted and causes pain in the back,
as well as other areas of the body.
Purpose
Most people will experience back pain at some time in their lives. Injuries due to
overexertion and poor posture are among the most common. Depending on the cause and
severity of the condition, options for treatment may include physical therapy, rest,
medications, surgery, or chiropractic care. Chiropractic treatment carries none of the risks
of surgical or pharmacologic treatment. Practitioners use a holistic approach to health.
The goal is not merely to relieve the present ailment, but to analyze the cause and
recommend appropriate changes of lifestyle to prevent the problem from occurring again.
They believe in a risk/benefit analysis before use of any intervention. The odds of an
adverse outcome are extremely low. Chiropractic has proven in several studies to be less
expensive than many more traditional routes such as outpatient physical therapy. Relief
from some neuromuscular problems is immediate, although a series of treatments is
likely to be required to maintain the improvement. Spinal manipulation is an excellent
option for acute lower back pain, and may also relieve neck pain as well as other
musculoskeletal pain. Although most back pain will subside eventually with no treatment
at all, chiropractic treatment can significantly shorten the time it takes to get relief. Some
types of headache can also be successfully treated by chiropractic.
Precautions
Chiropractic is not an appropriate therapy for diseases that are severely
degenerative and may require medication or surgery. Many conditions of the spine are
amenable to manipulative treatment, but this does not include fractures. The practitioner
should be informed in advance if the patient is on anticoagulants, or has osteoporosis or
any other condition that may weaken the bones. Other circumstances might suggest the
patient should not have chiropractic care. These should be detected in the history or
physical exam. In addition to fractures, Down syndrome, some congenital defects, and
some types of cancer are a few of the things that may preclude spinal manipulation. On
rare occasions, a fracture or dislocation may occur. There is also a very slim possibility of
experiencing a stroke as a result of spinal manipulation, but estimates are that it is no
more frequent than 2.5 occurrences per one million treatments.
Side effects
It is not uncommon to have local discomfort in the form of aches, pains, or
spasms for a few days following a chiropractic treatment. Some patients may also
experience mild headache or fatigue that resolves quickly.
11.) Iridology

Iridology (also known as iridodiagnosis[1]) is an alternative medicine technique

whose proponents believe that patterns, colors, and other characteristics of the iris can be
examined to determine information about a patient's systemic health. Practitioners match
their observations to iris charts, which divide the iris into zones that correspond to
specific parts of the human body. Iridologists see the eyes as "windows" into the body's
state of health.

Iridologists use the charts to distinguish between healthy systems and organs in
the body and those that are overactive, inflamed, or distressed. Iridologists believe this
information demonstrates a patient's susceptibility towards certain illnesses, reflects past
medical problems, or predicts later health problems.

Iridologists generally use equipment such as a flashlight and magnifying glass,

cameras or slit-lamp microscopes to examine a patient's irises for tissue changes, as well
as features such as specific pigment patterns and irregular stromal architecture. The
markings and patterns are compared to an iris chart that correlates zones of the iris with
parts of the body. Typical charts divide the iris into approximately 80-90 zones. For
example, the zone corresponding to the kidney is in the lower part of the iris, just before
6 o'clock. There are minor variations between charts' associations between body parts and
areas of the iris.

12.) Urine therapy

In alternative medicine, the term urine therapy (also urotherapy, urinotherapy or

uropathy) refers to various applications of human urine for medicinal or cosmetic
purposes, including drinking of one's own urine and massaging one's skin with one's own
urine. While there are no known scientifically-proven health benefits of such therapeutic
use for urine, some chemical components of urine do have some well known commercial
and other uses, like urea and urokinase.. For instance, urea in urine has been found to be
antibacterial to bacteria causing urinary tract infections specifically, and ingestion of urea
has been found to increase this antibacterial activity in urine itself, though no evidence
was found for such an effect upon the actual ingestion or application of urine.

Use as anti-cancer agent

Urine and urea have been claimed by some practitioners to have an anti-cancer effect.
It has been hypothesized that because some cancer cell antigens are transferred through
urine, through "oral autourotherapy" these antigens could be introduced to the immune
system that might then create antibodies.[22] However, the American Cancer Society's
position is that scientific evidence does not support individual claims that urine or urea
given in any form is helpful for cancer patients, and that the safety of urine therapy has
not been confirmed by scientific studies.[23]
Use as acne medicine

Some have used urine as a acne medicine to help combat break outs. Extracting the
urine fresh and early in the day and then applying the urine directly to the face with a
hand cloth or towel, even a small brush. And then allowing it to dry. After that washing
off. This has been known to reduce acne in some people.

Use as a athletes foot remedy

Some sports and even dancers have used this method, simply by urinating on their
feet this will cause the athletes foot to reduce or even cure completely. Dancers like
Madonna (as mentioned) have admitted to using this method.

Use as a callus remedy

Some have urinated on their hands and feet to soften calluses. Dolores O'Riordan
from the Irish rock band The Cranberries admitted on a music TV show that when she
was first learning to play guitar she had a serious problem with calluses on her fingers.
Her band mates suggesting Urine Therapy for that problem and she claims it helped her.
STS group 4

Characters:

Prince Salvador as Pepper BABA/ Albularyo

Aljohn Manapol as Boy D Akma
Eranio Borja as Sugar Rhoo/ Faith Healer
Athena Jacinto as Paige Award/ Bugaw
John Paul Nedic as BL
Lotis Cruz as Vendor of Herbal Meds
Heki Clavio as Narra

(Scene 1)
Narra: Si pepper bente uno anyos, isang mayaman, mayumi at maduming babaylan na
nanggaling sa angkan ng mga baba. Isang pamilyang marangal, my pangalan, mataas at
mababa sa lipunan. Isang gabing madilim nagpunta si pepper sa isang Massage Parlor
(Ang Magubat na pulo ni Adan).

(pagpasok ni pepper sa massage parlor)

Paige Award: Good evening Mam! Anu po ang maipaglilingkod ko?

Pepper Baba: I want the best massage ever.

Paige Award: Tama! Hindi kayo nagkamali ng pinuntahan mam. Dito ay mararanasan
nio ang sarap at init na inyong hinahanap. Tara po dito at kayo ay mamili na sa aquarium
sa mahilab hilab naming masahista.

(Inalalayan ni Paige ang npakagandang si pepper) Bukas Curtain

Paige Award: Ayan po mam. Pumili na kayo jan. Sino po ba ang inyong napipisil?

Pepper Baba: Tapat na ba yan?

Paige Award: Yan na po ang pinakamagagaling naming masahista.

Pepper Baba: Sino ang adan number 1 na iyan?

Paige Award: Ay josko mam! Malinamnam. Yan po ba ang inyong natutumbungan?

Pepper Baba: Hindi pa ba halata? (with condensed milk)

Sarado Curtain

Boy D Akma: Mam umpisahan na natin.

Pepper Baba: Cge. I want it hard. Very hard.

Boy D Akma: Anu pong masahe ang gusto niyo? May 3 po akong kayang masahe.
Shiatsu, Reflexology o Acupressure?

Pepper Baba: Lahat gawin mo. Lahat ibigay mo.

(habang ginagawa nagrereport na si borj at nedic)

*two become one*

(Scene 2)
Narra: Sa araw na araw na pagpapamasahe ng dilag sa ombre, ay naging magkasintahan
sina dakma at baba. Sa isang okasyon, naisipang ipakilala ni Boy D Akma ang kanyang
tinuturing na matalik na kaibigan na si Sugar Rhoo. Kaarawan niya nung araw na iyon.

*club can’t handle me*

Boy D Akma: Tara. Papakilala kita kay sugar. Sa best friend ko. Excuse me gorgeous.
Nasaan si Sugar?
Ka ek-ek: Teka tatawagan ko.

(pagdating ni sugar rhoo)

Sugar Rhoo: Oh Pare, buti naman at nakapunta ka. Sino itong magandang bilat na
kasama mo?

Boy D Akma: Ay oo nga pala pare, ipinapakilala ko sayo ang kalahati ng puso ko. Si
pepper pare.

Sugar Rhoo: (hahalikan sa kamay. Ikinagagalak kitang makilala magandang binibini)

( While on party, there was this one guy na kumikindat na kirat kay baba. His name is
BL.)

BL: Hey sexy! Hey Sexy! Are you ok? Wanna Dance?

Pepper Baba: Ok. Let’s Dance! The scene is safe.

*diva at bahala na*

(sayaw-sayaw. Makikita ni dakma ang kanyang kasintahan na my ibang kasayaw)

Narra: Sa sobrang selos ni Boy D Akma, hinatak niya si Pepper Baba pauwi. Doon pala
ay nalaman ni baba na nagalit at nagselos siya sa lalaking kirat na nkasayaw nito. At
doon ay nagkaroon sila ng LQ. Saan kaya mauuwi ang kanilang hindi pakakaintindihan.
Ating saksihan at tunghayan.
Pepper Baba: Hey! What’s the problem? Anong ikinagagalit mo?
Boy D Akma: SA HARAP KO PA! Why are you flirting with that man whore. Kitang
kita ng dalawang mata ko.

Pepper Baba: Wala akong ginagawang masama. You know that I love you. Hindi ko
magagawa ang ibinibintang mo. Yah! He asked me to dance. Yun lang un. Wag ka
naming maramot. That’s the problem with you when you think of your own stomach you
think of nothing else! Lahat naman binigay ko sayo diba? Pagmamahal, Pangangailangan
mo pati hanging hinihinga mo.

Boy D Akma: Bakit? Hiningi ko ba ang lahat ng to? BINIGAY MO! Heto na ang mga
ibinigay mo!

(ikakawit ni pepper ang baba nia sa binti ni dakma. Iiyak siya. Magmamakaawa)
*naghihinayang*

Scene 3

Narra: Nauwi sa paghihiwalay ang relasyon ng dalawa. Ilang gabing hindi natutulog,
kumakain at naiistress si pepper. Naisipan niyang humingi ng tulong sa bestfriend ni
dakma na si sugar .

(nagpunta si pepper sa bahay ni sugar rhoo)

Sugar Rhoo: Oh. What brought you here? Anung nagyari? Bakit ka umiiyak?

Pepper Baba: I need your help. Nakipaghiwalay sakin ang kaibigan mo.

Sugar Rhoo: Bakit daw?

Pepper Baba: Inakusahan niya akong nkikipag landian sa ibang lalaki. Remember BL?
Ung bisita mo sa party mo? I want him back.

Sugar Rhoo: Hayaan mo muna siyang makapagisip. Siguro kailangan niya ng space.
Mhm. Maybe you shoul d relax. Go on in a vacation or some therapies. You look
stressed. Kailangan mo ng break.

Pepper Baba: Mukha nab a akong stressed?

Sugar Rhoo: Meron akong idea. Sabi ng ibang nakausap ko, merong magaling na pranic
healer, hypnotherapist, mga nag aaccupuncture. You need that.

(report si aljohn,nedic at borj)

Scene 4
Narra: Makalipas ang ilang buwan, hindi naging epektibo ang mga ginawa kay pepper.
Naisipan niya muling pumunta sa Ang Magubat na pulo ni Adan.
Paige Award: Oh my GOSH! Is that you mam pepper? You look so different. Para
yatang pumangit at nag mukha kayong stressed? Mukhang kailangan niyo ulit ng
enerhiya?

Pepper Baba: Yes. I need it badly.

Paige Ward: Naku po mam. Pasensya na. hindi na kami nagseserbisyo ng tulad nang
dati. Legal na kami ngayon. Kung gusto niyo meron kaming bagong offer. Reiki ang
tawag.

Pepper Baba: I have no choice. Cge.

(report si nedic)

Scene 5

Narra: Napagpasyahan ni Pepper na tumuhog ng fishball gamit ang kanyang baba. Ng

masulyapan niya na magkasamang kumakain si Boy D Akma at si Paige Award ang
babaeng Bugaw sa dating massage parlor na pinupuntahan niya.

Pepper Baba: I knew it. Sabi ko na nga ba! Pinagpalit niya ako. Hindi ako
makakapayag. Kung inaakala nilang magiging masaya sila, HINDI! They want war, I’ll
give them war. I’ll be there in my red baba. Kulam ang solusyon! Kulam.

*one winged angel*

Narra: Dali daling umuwi ng bahay si pepper upang gawin ang kanyang binabalak.

( sarado curtain, sa bahay)

Pepper Baba: (KULAM)

Paige Award: Ang kati-kati. Namamanhid ang aking buong katawan. Ang sakit! Aray!

Narra: Unti-unti ng umeepekto ang kulam ni pepper baba kay paige award. Dahil dito,
naisipang dalhin ni Boy D Akma ang kanyang kasintahang mukhang paa sa isang psychic
surgeon, homeopathy, chiropractic, iridology at urine therapy.

(report si Athena at aljohn)

Narra: Hindi naging epektibo ang ideya ng magkasintahan. Naisipan nilang bumili ng
mga halamang gamot.
Vendor: Anu ang kailangan mo iha?
Boy D Akma: Meron po kasing nagsilabasang pantal, kurikong , pagtatae, pamamaga ng
mukha at paa at pagsasakit ng katawan ang aking kasintahan.

(lotis- bahala na)

Narra: Hindi pa din naging epektibo ang mga halamang gamot kaya’t naisipan na nilang
magpunta sa isang faith healer.

(borj- bahala )

*telephone at California girls*

Narra: Wa epek padin ang pagpunta nila sa faith healer. Last resort na nila ang
albularyo.
(prince- bahala na)

*picture ni rose at dunhill*

Narra: Sa pagkikilatis ng albularyo, napag alaman ng magkasintahan na si Paige Award

ay nakulam.

Boy D Akma: Walang ibang pwedeng gumawa nito kungdi ang triangulong si baba.
Kailangan natin siyang puntahan at makiusap na itigil na niya ito.

Narra: Pinuntahan ng magkasintahan si Pepper Baba upang magmakaawa.

Boy D Akma: Baba, utang na loob baba. Ibaba mu na ang kulam. Itiggil mo na to.
Nagmamakaawa ako.

Pepper Baba: Yan lang ang nababagay sa inyo. Mga traydor, mga ahas, mga hitad, mga
gandos!

Boy D Akma: Ano bang kailangan kong gawin upang ittigil mo na ito? Nabigay ko
naman ang lahat sayo. Ang sarili ko, ang pagkatao ko, pati ang nasa baba ko.

Pepper Baba: Cge. Ititigil ko to. Iwan mo lang siya.

Narrator: Makalipas ang ilang buwan, iniwan din ni dakma si paige award. Sa
kadahilanang hindi na ito gumaling. Naging kamukha na niya si pepper baba.

(sarado curtain- bukas curtain)

*nedic at aljohn*
REIKI
CHIROPRACTIC
IRIDOLOGY CHART