ECE301, Homework#12 Solution

November 28, 2007

9.21 For the following parts, the ROC plots are shown below. Only poles
and zeros falling within the ROC are considered.

(a) The Laplace transform of x(t) is

Z ∞
X(s) = (e−2t + e−3t )e−st dt
"0 #∞ " #∞
−e−(s+2)t −e−(s+3)t
= +
s+2 s+3
t=0 t=0
1 1 2s + 5
= + = 2 ,
s+2 s+3 s + 5s + 6
with ROC ℜ{s} > −2.
(c) The Laplace transform of x(t) is
Z 0
X(s) = (e2t + e3t )e−st dt
−∞
" #0 " #∞
−e−(s−2)t −e−(s−3)t
= +
s−2 s−3
t=−∞ t=0
1 1 2s − 5
= + = 2 ,
s−2 s−3 s − 5s + 6
with ROC ℜ{s} < 2.
(d) Similar to (a), we have the following
1
llle−2t u(t) ↔ , ℜ{s} > −2
s+2
1
e2t u(−t) ↔ , ℜ{s} < 2
s−2

1
 We find then that
1 1 2s
e−2|t| = e−2t u(t) + e2t u(−t) ↔ + = 2 , −2 < ℜ{s} < 2
s+2 s−2 s −4
Using the differentiation property in the s-domain, we obtain

2s2 + 8
 
−2|t| d 2s
x(t) = te ↔− = − , −2 < ℜ{s} < 2
ds s2 − 4 (s2 − 4)2

(g) We have that x(t) = u(t) − u(t − 1). Since

1
u(t) ↔ , ℜ{s} > 0, and
s
e−s
u(t − 1) ↔ , ℜ{s} > 0,
s
then
1 e−s 1 − e−s
x(t) = u(t) − u(t − 1) ↔ − = ,
s s s
for all s, since the signal is of finite duration.

9.23 For the four figures shown (a through d), we have the following possible
ROC’s

Plot (a): ℜ{s} < −2, or −2 < ℜ{s} < 2, or ℜ{s} > 2.
Plot (b): ℜ{s} < −2, or ℜ{s} > −2.
Plot (c): ℜ{s} < 2, or ℜ{s} > 2.
Plot (d): Entire s-plane

Use these in the following problem parts for the signal x(t) with
Laplace transform X(s) with ROC R.

(1) We have from Table 9.1 that e−3t x(t) ↔ X(s + 3). The ROC,
R1 , of this new Laplace transform is R shifted by 3 to the left. If
x(t)e− 3t is to be absolutely integrable, then R1 must include the
jω axis. This is only possible under the following conditions for
the four plots:
Plot (a): R is ℜ{s} > 2
Plot (b): R is ℜ{s} > −2
Plot (c): R is ℜ{s} > 2
 Plot (d): R is entire s-plane
(3) If x(t) = 0 for t > 1, then the signal is a left-sided signal or a
finite-duration signal. This is only possible under the following
conditions for the four plots:
Plot (a): R is ℜ{s} < −2
Plot (b): R is ℜ{s} < −2
Plot (c): R is ℜ{s} < 2
Plot (d): R is the entire s-plane
(4) If x(t) = 0 for t > 1, then the signal is a right-sided signal or a
finite-duration signal. This is only possible under the following
conditions for the four plots:
Plot (a): R is ℜ{s} > −2
Plot (b): R is ℜ{s} > −2
Plot (c): R is ℜ{s} > 2
Plot (d): R is the entire s-plane
9.26 From Table 9.2, we have
1
x1 (t) = e−2t u(t) ↔ X1 (s) = , ℜ{s} > −2, and
s+2
1
x2 (t) = e−3t u(t) ↔ X2 (s) = , ℜ{s} > −3.
s+3
Using the time-shifting and time-scaling properties from Table 9.1, we
obtain
e−2s
x1 (t − 2) ↔ e−2s X1 (s) = , ℜ{s} > −2, and
s+2
e−3s
x2 (−t + 3) ↔ e−3s X2 (−s) = , ℜ{s} > −3.
3−s
Therefore, by the convolution property, we obtain:
 −2s   −3s 
e e
y(t) = x1 (t − 2) ∗ x2 (−t + 3) ↔ Y (s) =
s+2 3−s

9.29 (a) From Table 9.2, we find

1
X(s) = , ℜ{s} > −1, and
s+1
1
H(s) = , ℜ{s} > −2
s+2
 (b) Since y(t) = x(t) ∗ h(t), we have by the convolution property that
1
Y (s) = X(s)H(s) = .
(s + 1)(s + 2)

(c) By partial fraction expansion, we find

1 1
Y (s) = −
s+1 s+2
so that by the inverse Laplace transform,

y(t) = e−t u(t) − e−2t u(t).

(d) By explicit convolution,

Z ∞
y(t) = h(τ )x(t − τ )dτ
Z−∞
∞
= e−2τ e−(t−τ ) u(t − τ )dτ
0
Z ∞
−t
= e e−τ dτ
0
= (e−t − e−2t )u(t).

9.32 Since x(t) = e2t produces an output y(t) = 61 e2t , then we know that
H(2) = 16 . We also derive the following from the differential equation:

dh(t)
+ 2h(t) = e−4t u(t) + bu(t)
dt
1 b
⇒ sH(s) + 2H(s) = +
s+4 s
s + b(s + 4)
⇒ H(s) = .
s(s + 4)(s + 2)

Since H(2) = 61 , we deduce that b = 1 and

s + (s + 4) 2(s + 2) 2
H(s) = = = .
s(s + 4)(s + 2) s(s + 4)(s + 2) s(s + 4)
 3 1

0.9

2
0.8

0.7
1

0.6
ℑ{s}

ℑ{s}
0 0.5

No poles or zeros in ROC

0.4

−1
0.3

0.2
−2

0.1

−3 0
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
ℜ{s} ℜ{s}

9.21 (a) 9.21 (c)

5 1

4 0.8

3 0.6

2 0.4

1 0.2
ℑ{s}

ℑ{s}

0 0
2 poles 2 poles
−1 −0.2

−2 −0.4

−3 −0.6

−4 −0.8

−5 −1
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 −1 −0.8 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
ℜ{s} ℜ{s}

9.21 (d) 9.21 (g)

Figure 1: Problem 9.21 ROC plots