LTE eRAN6.

0 Scheduling Feature P-1

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-2

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Course Name P-3

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-4

 LTE air interface scheduling is the responsibility of the eNodeB, however additional
scheduling and QoS (Quality of Service) handling could take place in the EPC (Evolved
Packet Core).
 Typically, the main goal of scheduling is to meet the different users’ expectations.
Historically the radio interface is the “weak link” or “bottle neck” in the overall end-to-end
service. This is typically due to limited physical resources, i.e. limited bandwidth or channels.
The scheduling in previous systems, such as GSM and UMTS, was easier. This was due to
the fact that voice was the main service and required a dedicated channel. As such, the
number of channels (or elements) on the base station limited the number of simultaneous
calls.
 The eNodeB implements scheduling at the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer and
provides time-and-frequency resources for uplink and downlink through scheduling. On
the premise of guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS), scheduling aims to transmit data on
the channel with better quality and maximize system throughput by using different
channel qualities among UEs.

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-5

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-6

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-7

 The signaling required for scheduling downlink resources is firstly dependent on the type
of resources being scheduled. The LTE system defines various DCI (Downlink Control
Information). These enable both downlink and uplink scheduling, as well as linking to
different MIMO and diversity options.

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Course Name P-8

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-10

 Input of DL scheduler
 UE Capability: It specifies eight UE categories and the maximum numbers of bits
and layers that can be transmitted in each TTI for each category
 Channel quality indicator: Include CQI, PMI and RI report
 HARP feedback: ACK and NACK feedback is another input to the scheduler. The
feedback indicates whether data is successfully transmitted or retransmitted. HARQ
retransmissions implemented by Huawei eNodeBs always have a high scheduling
priority

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-11

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-12

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-13

 HARQ retransmissions are scheduled after control-plane messages. The scheduling

priorities of different HARQ retransmissions are determined by the wait time. A longer wait
time indicates a higher scheduling priority. If all retransmissions have the same wait time, a
retransmission is randomly selected. If discontinuous reception (DRX) is enabled, the wait
time is determined by the DrxReTxTimer parameter. If the wait time of an HARQ
retransmission exceeds a specified wait time, the HARQ retransmission is discarded.

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-14

 DL scheduling performs three operations:

 Selects UEs to be scheduled
 Determine MCSs to be used
 Determines the number and positions of RBs to be allocated.

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-15

 Huawei eNodeB supports four scheduling strategies:

 Max C/I
 Round Robin (RR)
 Proportional Fair (PF)
 Enhanced Proportional Fair (EPF)
 The downlink scheduling strategy is decided by the DlschStrategy parameter, and the
uplink scheduling strategy is decided by the UlschStrategy parameter.
 With Max C/I, RR, and PF scheduling strategies, dynamic scheduling is used for all services.
With the EPF scheduling strategy, only the VoIP services use semi-persistent scheduling.

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-16

 Prioritization of GBR Services

The following factors are weighted in the priority calculation of GBR services in Huawei
eNodeB:
 Channel quality
 The instantaneous channel quality of the UE is taken into account. The UE
with better instantaneous channel quality has a higher priority. In the case
of the same channel quality, the GBR service with QCI of 1 has a higher
priority than other GBR services.
 Delay
 The closer the waiting time of the first packet in the buffer is to the Packet
Delay Budget (PDB), the higher the priority is. The PDB value depends on
the QCI. For details, see reference document [5].
 Relative priority
 The prioritization of GBR services is different from that of non-GBR services.
This factor is added to compare the priority of GBR services with that of
non-GBR services.

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-17

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-18

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-19

Parameter Description

DlschStrategy Indicates the switch of the DL scheduling policy

NonGbrResourceRatio Indicates the proportion of resources reserved for non-GBR

services. A proportion of resources is reserved periodically to
prevent non-GBR services from failing to be allocated
resources. During the periods when resources are reserved,
resources are scheduled preferentially for non-GBR services. If
this parameter is set to 0, resources are not reserved for non-
GBR services.
DlEpfCapacityFactor Indicates the capacity factor for downlink enhanced
proportional fair (EPF) scheduling. This factor affects the
scheduling priorities of UEs running services with the QCI of 6,
7, 8, or 9, and accordingly can be used to adjust the cell
capacity and fairness among users.

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-20

Parameter Description

DlschPriorityFactor Indicates the weight factor used in the calculation of

connection priorities during downlink scheduling
DlMinGbr Indicates the downlink minimum guaranteed bit rate of the
non-GBR service.

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-22

 When a UE is handed over to a target cell, initially, the channel quality is poor and the UE
may not report CQIs timely. Therefore, to guarantee the data transmission performance
during this period, Huawei eNodeB sets a static MCS on the UE until the UE reports CQIs
stably. After this, if the UE reports valid CQIs, the system performs MCS selection
according to the previously mentioned procedure.
 If part of resources in the RBs for scheduling are occupied by broadcast or synchronization
signals, the actual code rate in data transmission increases with the same TBS. In this case,
the eNodeB adjusts the MCS according to actual situations.
 MCS to TBS mapping table

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-23

 Example of mapping table

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
0 1128 1160 1192 1224 1256 1256 1288 1320 1352 1384
1 1480 1544 1544 1608 1608 1672 1736 1736 1800 1800
2 1800 1864 1928 1992 2024 2088 2088 2152 2216 2216
3 2408 2472 2536 2536 2600 2664 2728 2792 2856 2856
4 2984 2984 3112 3112 3240 3240 3368 3496 3496 3624
5 3624 3752 3752 3880 4008 4008 4136 4264 4392 4392
6 4264 4392 4584 4584 4776 4776 4968 4968 5160 5160
7 4968 5160 5352 5352 5544 5736 5736 5992 5992 6200
8 5736 5992 5992 6200 6200 6456 6456 6712 6968 6968
9 6456 6712 6712 6968 6968 7224 7480 7480 7736 7992
10 7224 7480 7480 7736 7992 7992 8248 8504 8504 8760
11 8248 8504 8760 8760 9144 9144 9528 9528 9912 9912
12 9528 9528 9912 9912 10296 10680 10680 11064 11064 11448
13 10680 10680 11064 11448 11448 11832 12216 12216 12576 12960
14 11832 12216 12216 12576 12960 12960 13536 13536 14112 14112
15 12576 12960 12960 13536 13536 14112 14688 14688 15264 15264
16 13536 13536 14112 14112 14688 14688 15264 15840 15840 16416
17 14688 15264 15264 15840 16416 16416 16992 17568 17568 18336
18 16416 16416 16992 17568 17568 18336 18336 19080 19080 19848
19 17568 18336 18336 19080 19080 19848 20616 20616 21384 21384
20 19080 19848 19848 20616 20616 21384 22152 22152 22920 22920
21 20616 21384 21384 22152 22920 22920 23688 24496 24496 25456
22 22152 22920 22920 23688 24496 24496 25456 25456 26416 27376
23 23688 24496 24496 25456 25456 26416 27376 27376 28336 28336
24 25456 25456 26416 26416 27376 28336 28336 29296 29296 30576
25 26416 26416 27376 28336 28336 29296 29296 30576 31704 31704
26 30576 30576 31704 32856 32856 34008 35160 35160 36696 36696

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature

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Course Name P-26

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-28

 Uplink scheduling selects an appropriate UE at a proper time and allocates appropriate

resources on the PUSCH to the UE.
 After the scheduling request from the UE is received, uplink scheduling is performed on the
UE, and MCS selection and RB allocation are performed on the basis of the current channel
quality of the UE, amount of data to be scheduled, and power headroom. In uplink
scheduling, the channel quality of the UE is indicated by the SINR measured at the physical
layer of the eNodeB. The amount of data to be scheduled depends on the Buffer Status
Report (BSR) reported by the UE. The power headroom depends on the Power Headroom
Report (PHR) reported by the UE.

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-29

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-30

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-31

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-32

 The UE with the first transmission refers to the UE that needs to transmit msg3. These UEs
are scheduled in the order of msg3 transmission time. The UE with the first transmission
uses the resource allocation scheme of frequency non-selective scheduling. Four RBs are
allocated to a UE with the first transmission. In case of non-contention based random
access, IMCS = 1. In case of contention based random access, IMCS = 1 if group A is used or
IMCS = 5 if group B is used.

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-33

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-34

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-35

 The scheduler use EFP to ensure the QoS for each service, show as below:
 UL scheduler ensure the GBR for GBR service, if there is sufficient resource, then
meet PBR (prioritized bit rate), but can not more than MBR
 The UL scheduler uses a best effort policy for non-GBR services and ensures only
the minimum GBR specified by the UlMinGbr parameter. If there is sufficient
resource, then meet PBR (prioritized bit rate), but the total non-GBR service rate
can not more than AMBR

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-36

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-37

 The differentiation between services with different QCIs is achieved by setting the logical
channel priority. The parameters involved are PrioritisedBitRate,
LogicalChannelPriority. Their settings are delivered from the eNodeB to each UE in a
radio resource control (RRC) signaling message. The priorities of services with different
QCIs can be specified as required.
 The logical channel priority can be set to a value in the range of 9 to 16. A larger value
indicates a lower priority
 As defined in 3GPP specifications, the prioritized bit rate (PBR) of a logical channel can be
set to a value in the range of {0, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, infinity} in units of kbyte/s. The
UE scheduler guarantees prioritized bit rates of logical channels in descending order of
logical channel priority.

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-38

Parameter Description

UlschStrategy Indicates the switch of the UL scheduling policy

AdaptHarqSwitch Indicates the switch that is used to control whether to enable

or disable UL adaptive HARQ
PreAllocationBandwidth Indicates the ratio of the maximum bandwidth resources that the
Ratio uplink scheduler can allocate to preallocation UEs to the total
system bandwidth.
PreAllocationMinPeriod Indicates the minimum interval between two pre-allocations.
That is, the actual interval between two pre-allocations of one UE
must be longer than or equal to the value of this parameter.
PreAllocationSize Indicates the data amount pre-allocated to each user.

SmartPreAllocationDura This parameter specifies the duration of uplink smart

tion preallocation. If this parameter is set to 0, uplink smart
preallocation does not take effect.
UlEpfCapacityFactor Indicates the capacity factor for uplink enhanced proportional
fair (EPF) scheduling

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-39

Parameter Description

UlschPriorityFactor Indicates the weight factor used in the calculation of connection

priorities during uplink scheduling
UlMinGbr Indicates the uplink minimum guaranteed bit rate of the non-
GBR service
PreAllocationWeight Indicates the pre-allocation weight.

PrioritisedBitRate Indicates the prioritized bit rate of the logical channel. The UE
scheduler guarantees prioritized bit rates of logical channels in
descending order of logical channel priority.
LogicalChannelPriority Indicates the priority of the logical channel. The UE scheduler
guarantees prioritized bit rates of logical channels in descending
order of logical channel priority.

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature

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LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-41

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 LTE eRAN6.0 Scheduling Feature P-42

 Due to the impact of channel fading on signals, the SINR at the reporting time changes
significantly, compared with that at the scheduling time.
 For the Huawei uplink scheduling algorithm, the SINR adjustment scheme is adopted to
adjust the SINR reported by the physical layer in order to correct the SINR measurement
errors. In this way, the measured IBLER value approaches the target IBLER value. The IBLER
target value is set using the SinrAdjustTargetIbler parameter.
 The SINR adjustment function is controlled by a switch under the UlSchSwitch parameter.

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