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Column Stack Classification (Columns EC2)

This document discusses the classification of column stacks according to slenderness ratios and limiting slenderness ratios. It defines the slenderness ratio λ as the effective height l0 of the stack divided by the radius of gyration i. It then compares λ to the limiting slenderness ratio λlim to determine if the member is short or slender. The limiting slenderness ratio λlim depends on factors including the effective creep ratio φef, which is calculated based on properties of the reinforced concrete including compressive strength, reinforcement area, and relative humidity. The document provides equations and definitions for calculating these values.

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dhanya1995
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100 views

Column Stack Classification (Columns EC2)

This document discusses the classification of column stacks according to slenderness ratios and limiting slenderness ratios. It defines the slenderness ratio λ as the effective height l0 of the stack divided by the radius of gyration i. It then compares λ to the limiting slenderness ratio λlim to determine if the member is short or slender. The limiting slenderness ratio λlim depends on factors including the effective creep ratio φef, which is calculated based on properties of the reinforced concrete including compressive strength, reinforcement area, and relative humidity. The document provides equations and definitions for calculating these values.

Uploaded by

dhanya1995
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Column Stack Classification (Columns: EC2) Page 1 of 3

Column Stack Classification (Columns: EC2)


Slenderness ratio
The slenderness ratio, λ, of the restrained length about each axis is calculated as follows:
λ = l0 / i = l0 / √(I / A)
Where
l0 is the effective height of the stack,
i is the radius of gyration of the stack section about the axis under consideration,
I is the second moment of area of the stack section about the axis,
A is the cross­sectional area of the stack section.
The slenderness ratio λ is then checked against the limiting slenderness ratio λlim in each
direction. If the slenderness is less than this limit, then the member is short and slenderness
effects are ignored,.otherwise it is slender.

limiting slenderness ratio


λlim = 20 * A * B * C / √n
Where
A = 1 / (1 + (0.2 * φef)) ≥ 0.7
B = √(1 + (2 * ω)) ≥ 1.1
C = 1.7 ­ rm

Where
φef is the effective creep ratio,
ω = As * fyd / (Ac * fcd),
fyd is the design yield strength of the reinforcement,
fcd is the design compressive strength of the concrete,
As is the total area of longitudinal reinforcement,
n = NEd / (Ac * fcd),
NEd is the design axial force between restrained floor levels in this direction,
rm = M1.1 / M2.1 ,
M1.1 and M2.1 are the first order moments at the ends of the stack about the axis being
considered, with |M2.1| ≥ |M1.1|.
If M1.1 and M2.1 cause tension in the same side of the stack then rm is positive and C ≤ 1.7. If
the converse is true then the stack is in double curvature, and it follows that rm is negative and
C > 1.7.
For braced stacks in which the first order moments arise only from transverse loads (lateral
loading is significant) or imperfections (Mimp.1 > |M2.1|), C must be taken as 0.7,
For
bracing stacks, C must be taken as 0.7,
For restrained lengths encompassing more than one stack, C is taken as 0.7.
The effective creep ratio, φef, is derived as follows:

https://teklastructuraldesigner.support.tekla.com/webhelps/tsd/2017/All_Codes/Refere... 16/11/2017
Column Stack Classification (Columns: EC2) Page 2 of 3

fcm = fck + 8 (N/mm2)


h0 = 2 * Ag / u
Where
u is the section perimeter in contact with the atmosphere (assumed to be the full section
perimeter),
Ag is the gross section area.
α1 = (35 / fcm)0.7
α2 = (35 / fcm)0.2
α3 = (35 / fcm)0.5

If fcm ≤ 35 N/mm2,
βH = (1.5 * (1 + (1.2 * RH))18 * h0) + 250 ≤ 1500
Else,
βH = (1.5 * (1 + (1.2 * RH))18 * h0) + (250 * α3) ≤ 1500 * α3

Where
RH is the relative humidity, which is set under ‘Design parameters’ in the column properties.
βc( t , t0 ) = ((t – t0) / (βH + t – t0))0.3
βt0 = 1 / (0.1 + t00.2)
βfcm = 16.8 / √fcm
Where
t0 is the age of column loading and defaults to 14 days, if required it can be changed under
‘Design parameters’ in the column properties.

If fcm ≤ 35 N/mm2,
φRH = 1 + ((1 – (RH / 100)) / (0.1 * h01/3))
Else,
φRH = (1 + (((1 – (RH / 100)) / (0.1 * h01/3)) * α1)) * α2
Then,
φ0 = φRH * βfcm * βt0
φ(∞ , t0) = φ0 * βc(∞ , t0 )
If φ(∞ , t0) ≤ 2 and λ < 75 and Mmax.1 / NEd ≥ h and ω ≥ 0.25,
φef = 0
Else
φef = φ(∞, t0) * RPL

Where
Mmax.1 is the largest first order moment in the restrained length in this direction,
NEd is the design axial force in the restrained length in this direction,
RPL is the permanent load ratio.

https://teklastructuraldesigner.support.tekla.com/webhelps/tsd/2017/All_Codes/Refere... 16/11/2017
Column Stack Classification (Columns: EC2) Page 3 of 3

You are required to supply a value for the permanent load ratio which is located under ‘Design
parameters’ in the column properties. A default of 0.65 has been assumed, but you are advised
to consider if this is appropriate and adjust as necessary.
Tekla Structural Designer assumes that t∞ (t­infinity) is equal to 70 years (25550 days).

Parent topic
• Column Design to EC2

https://teklastructuraldesigner.support.tekla.com/webhelps/tsd/2017/All_Codes/Refere... 16/11/2017

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