Joint
Joint
EXPANSION JOINTS
EXPANSION JOINTS
3.01 The Range
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.02 Metallic Expansion Joints Design
Introduction
Expansion joints are employed in piping systems to absorb different thermal
expansion while containing the system pressure. They are successfully
utilised in refineries, chemical plants, fossil and nuclear systems, heating
and cooling systems, and cryogenic plants.
The stress on the wall of piping is related to the force or movement exerted
on it by external resistance and the flexibility of the pipe itself.
When either the value of the stresses or the value of the external forces or
movements exceeds the maximum allowable value(s), the flexibility of the
pipe must be increased artificially. This can be done either by altering the
layout of the pipe or by inserting high flexibility sections.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
• Universal
• Angular (hinged)
• Spherical angular (gimbal)
• Lateral
• Spherical lateral
• Pressure balance axial
• Pressure balance universal
Bellows operate best at normal pressure ratings temperatures between 70° C to 80° C. The austenitic range of stainless
steel is susceptible to high stresses in the presence of corrosive agents, such as chlorides, caustic alkalis, hydrogen sulfide
and nitrates.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.03 Definition of Movement
Axial Movement
Axial Compression is the dimensional shortening of
an Expansion Joint along its longitudinal axis while
axial extension is the dimensional lengthening of the
expansion joint.
Lateral Movement
Lateral Deflection is the relative displacement of the
two ends of an Expansion Joint perpendicular to its
longitudinal axis.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Angular Movement
Angular Rotation is the displacement of the longitudinal
axis of the Expansion Joint from its initial straight line
position into a circular arc.
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.04 Cycle Life & Quality Management
Cycle Life
This is the anticipated number of complete expansions
and contractions that a bellow can accommodate in
its working life. This is an important consideration with
bellow design. This consideration is to ensure the correct
balance between the pressure containing characteristics
and the movement.
After installation, any change to any of these factors will impact upon the cycle life.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
With accredited Quality Assurance:
- ISO 9001:2008.
- ISO 14001 : 2004
- AS/NZS 4801 : 2001
Pacific Hoseflex quality control measures, inspection and testing procedures include; inwards goods inspection, in-process
inspection, final product release inspection and leak detection inspection. There are several different methods for leak
detection: dye penetrate examination, X-ray examinations, magnetic particle inspection, hydrostatic test and pneumatic test.
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.05 Bellow Forming & Material
Bellows forming
The basic method(s) of bellows manufacture is not complicated. There are two ways that a bellows can be manufactured:
1. Mechanical forming can be done by either rolling the convolutions between external and internal wheels.
2. Hydraulic forming, using internal pressure has a much greater life than bellows formed by the other method(s).
Bellows shall be hydraulically formed from a tube having only longitudinal seams. When the ratio of corrugation
diameter to shell diameter is large, as in small diameter bellows, the units shall be annealed to remove stresses
created by the forming operation.
The number of convolutions depends upon the amount of movement the bellows must accommodate or the force that
must be used to accomplish the deflection. Since bellows are unique, there are many design considerations which must
be evaluated. The convoluted element must be strong enough circumferentially to withstand the line pressure of the
system, yet responsive enough longitudinally to flex. The longitudinal load (pressure thrust) must then be absorbed by
some other type of device. These are usually anchors, tie rods, hinges or gimbal structures.
Under pressure a bellows will crave to squirm. This can occur when a bellow is subjected to a pressure greater than
1.5 times the design pressure. Squirm can be considered the same as column buckling in a beam under compressive
loading. The convolutions deform and even though there is no leaking, both cycle life and pressure capacity is greatly
reduced.
Bellows Material
Stainless Steel 304
Is a lower grade material than 321 SS with less resistance to corrosion.
Applications include diesel engine exhaust manifolds and steam.
Hastelloy
EXPANSION JOINTS
It has a high-strength, nickel based, corrosion resistant alloy. Other components include molybdenum and chromium. It
is well suited for most chemical applications. It has excellent resistance to pitting, stress-corrosion and cracking
254 SMO
This is a very high end austenitic stainless steel that combines impact toughness resistance to chloride stress corrosion
cracking, pitting and crevice corrosion with strength nearly twice that of 300 series stainless steels. In some applications
it has been found to be a more cost effective substitute for high nickel and titanium alloys.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.06 Liners
Single Liners
Liners are used to prevent flow induced vibration or erosion caused by abrasive materials. When lateral movement is
required in the expansion joint, the flow liner diameter must be reduced to provide clearance.
Telescopic Liners
Telescoping liners are used on short expansion joints with large axial movements. When fit close together, they can also be
used in systems where the flow can be in either direction.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.07 Rods Restraints
Restraints
Restraints are used for lateral and angular compensators. The restraints absorb axial reaction force produced by inner
pressure. Even so, the connected pipe must be equipped with light fixed points to absorb moving force and moments.
Precise rating details and operating parameters of the corresponding machinery or equipment must be known to correctly
calculate the degree of restraints.
Outer restraints are used to Outer and inner restraints are used to
absorb reaction force from absorb reaction force from internal
internal pressure pressure and vacuum
Lateral compensators are equipped with adapters for tie rods restraints. The design differs between flanges with
welded ears or oval flanges depending on compensator type and size. Tie rods restraints run conical seats.
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.08 Pipe Supports & Hangers
Clevis Hanger
Recommended for the suspension of stationary non-insulated pipe lines.
Also commonly used for the suspension of insulated pipe lines, Flared edges
help prevent sharp surfaces from coming into contact with the pipe. Clevis
bottom pivots to allow pipe to be fed from either direction.
U Bolt Support
Heavy duty insulated U bolt that is supplied with a 10mm thick cork and
neoprene base. It is designed to provide support for large heavy weight pipes
made out of stainless steel, duplex/super duplex or other materials.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Saddle Pipe Support
Saddle Clamps to suit Steel Pipe for general plumbing are manufactured
from material to meet AS/NZS1594:2002, and Hot Dip Galvanised to meet
AS/NZS4680:2006 or available in Stainless Steel.
Chain
Strong and durable, use this heat-treated chain when using fittings with
chain. You must match the chain size and meet or exceed the chain’s grade.
support frame for a range of applications, and is a great starting point for
installing electrical cable or pipe management systems. It can be provided
in plain style, slotted with evenly spaced slots along its length, or in a range
of different welded combinations. Other variants allow for easy installation/
securing of the product into concrete.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.09 Metallic Expansion Joints Installation Guide
Storage:
1. Store expansion joints in a dry/cool location such as a warehouse.
2. Store flange face down on a pallet or wooden platform.
3. Do not store other heavy items on top of expansion joint (s).
4. Ten-year shelf life can be expected with ideal conditions.
Handling:
Do not lift with ropes or bars through the bolt holes. If lifting through the bore, use padding or a saddle to distribute the weight.
Do not let expansion joints sit vertically on the edges of the flanges for any period of time. Do not lift on the shipping restraints.
Service Conditions:
Make sure the expansion joint rating for temperature, pressure, movements, and selection of materials match the system
requirements. Contact the manufacturer if the system requirements exceed those of the expansion joint selected.
Alignment:
Expansion joints are not designed to make up for piping misalignment errors. Check with the manufacturer if piping
misalignment is present.
Anchoring:
The main function of expansion joints is to compensate for axial pipe thermal expansion. Metal expansion joints must have the
protection of adequate anchoring against the internal and thrust pressures of the media to prevent damage. Anchoring must
be installed as close to the down stream end of the expansion joint as possible, with the originating equipment serving as the
opposite anchor. Anchors must prevent pipe movement in any direction. Hangers or pipe pedestals cannot be considered to be
anchors as they offer no restriction against side or end motion.
When designing an anchor for a metal expansion joint, consult the internal thrust force table from the appropriate expansion
joint catalogue. The weight of piping, valves, and media, as well as the resistance of the piping to deflection, must be included
as part of the design weight and strength of an anchor.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Anchors are required whenever a piping system changes direction. Expansion joints should be located as close as possible to
anchor points. For additional expansion joint protection, it is recommended that control rods be installed on the expansion
joint to prevent excessive movements from occurring due to pressure thrust of the line.
Guides:
Expansion joints must be properly guided and anchored in accordance with EJMA standards.
(Refer to Pipe Guides Spacing Diagram below)
Pipe Support:
Piping must be supported so expansion joints do not carry any pipe weight.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.10 Metallic Expansion Joints Installation Guide
Mating Flanges:
Install the expansion joint flange against the mating pipe flanges and install bolts so that the bolt head is against the expansion
joint flange. Bolts should be installed from the bellows side (so that the bolt heads are adjacent to the bellows) to insure that
the bolts do not interfere with the bellows during periods of compression. Flange-to-flange dimensions of the expansion joint
must match the required opening.
Make sure mating flanges are clean and are matched to the type supplied with the expansion joint. Gaskets of appropriate
material, size and temperature ratings must be used in all flange-to-flange type installations.
Bolt Torque:
Tighten bolts in stages by alternating around the flange. Never tighten an expansion joint to the point that there is
metal-to-metal contact between the expansion joint flange and the mating flange.
Shipping Restraints:
The expansion and compression movements are preset at the factory. The shipping restraints protect the expansion joint in its
neutral position prior to installation. Remove the shipping restraints after installation and before hydro-testing the system.
Additional Tips:
1. Insulation or thermal blankets over a metal expansion joint should be supplied by the expansion joint manufacturer to
preclude the use of corrosive chloride bearing insulation materials. Insulation should be installed to permit easy access to the
flange area, to check bolting.
2. Do not weld in the near vicinity of a non-shrouded expansion joint without protecting the expansion joint from damaging
weld splatter.
3. If an expansion joint is to be installed underground, or will be submerged in water, contact the manufacturer for specific
guidelines.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4. Consider ordering a spare expansion joint. The cost of downtime of a critical expansion joint far exceeds the cost of a spare
unit placed and protected in reserve on-site.
5. Whenever possible, install the expansion joint next to an anchor as indicated below not exceeding maximum distance to the
1st guide with at least two concentric pipe guides on the opposite side of the joint. Added guides are required to prevent
bowing or bending of the pipe.
6. When an expansion joint is placed elsewhere in the line, at least two concentric guides must be used on each side of the
joint with added joints installed as recommended in pipe guide spacing diagram.
7. The inside of all piping must be clean before installing and testing the expansion joints. Expansion joints should not be
subjected to hydrostatic pressure tests beyond their rated working pressure.
8. Secure all anchors and guides before testing. Remove shipping bars prior to testing.
9. Expansion joints must be removed from the lines while the system is being tested hydrostatically at pressure exceeding
allowable working pressure.
10. Expansion Joints fabricated with flow liners must be installed with the flow arrow pointing in the same direction of the
media flow.
EXPANSION JOINTS
11. Single externally pressurized expansion joints must be installed with the moving end adjacent to the moving end of the
pipe responding to the thermal expansion induced during system heat-up.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.11 Single Expansion Joint (SEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: SEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Optional Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 40’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.12 Single Expansion Joint (SEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
750 SEJ-240 750 395 490 240 114 13 16 89 124
750 SEJ-700 750 395 490 700 69 9 12 498 362
750 SEJ-1400 750 395 490 1400 65 8 11 1438 724
800 SEJ-240 800 395 490 240 116 13 14 98 140
800 SEJ-700 800 395 490 700 70 8 10 672 408
850 SEJ-240 850 395 490 240 110 11 13 107 156
850 SEJ-700 850 395 490 700 70 7 9 1291 455
900 SEJ-240 900 430 500 240 108 10 12 115 174
900 SEJ-700 900 430 500 700 67 6 8 1332 508
950 SEJ-240 950 430 500 240 110 11 13 122 196
950 SEJ-700 950 430 500 700 68 7 9 1406 572
1000 SEJ-240 1000 395 490 240 102 8 11 101 214
1000 SEJ-700 1000 395 490 700 57 4 6 1510 624
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.13 Double Axial Expansion Joint (DAEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: DAEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Standard Flow Liner Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 24’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.14 Double Axial Expansion Joint (DAEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.15 Universal Expansion Joint (UEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: UEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Optional Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 60’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.16 Universal Expansion Joint (UEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.17 Diesel Multi-ply Expansion Joint (DMEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: DMEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Standard Flow Liner Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 60’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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3.18 Diesel Multiply Expansion Joint (DMEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.19 Diesel Expansion Joint (DEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: DEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / Low Pressure
Liner: Standard Flow Liner Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 60’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.20 Diesel Expansion Joint (DEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.21 Double Diesel Expansion Joint (DDEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: DDEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / Low Pressure
Liner: Standard Flow Liner Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 60’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.22 Double Diesel Expansion Joint (DDEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.23 Single Hinge Expansion Joint (HEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: HEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Optional Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 24’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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3.24 Single Hinge Expansion Joint (HEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.25 Double Hinge Expansion Joint (DHEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: DHEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Optional Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 24’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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3.26 Double Hinge Expansion Joint (DHEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.27 Single Gimbal Expansion Joint (GEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: GEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Optional Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 24’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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3.28 Single Gimbal Expansion Joint (GEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.29 Double Glimbal Expansion Joint (DGEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: DGEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Optional Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 24’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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3.30 Double Glimbal Expansion Joint (DGEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.31 Single Tied Expansion Joint (TEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: TEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Optional Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 24’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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3.32 Single Tied Expansion Joint (TEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.33 Double Tied Expansion Joint (DTEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: DTEJ
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Standard Flow Liner Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 2’’ - 24’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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3.34 Double Tied Expansion Joint (DTEJ)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
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3.35 Double Tied Expansion Joint (DTEJ)
Fig 1
Fig 1 shows a double tied expansion joint used to absorb lateral deflection in a single plane. Wherever feasible
the expansion joint should be designed to fill the entire leg so that the expansion of this leg is absorbed within
the tie rods as axial movement.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Fig 2
EXPANSION JOINTS
Fig 2 shows a double tied expansion joint used to absorb lateral deflection in a three–plane configuration. As
the expansion joint will absorb lateral deflection in any direction, the two horizontal piping legs may lay at any
angle in the horizontal plane.
To ensure that this style of joint is correctly installed without any thrust being transmitted to adjacent equipment,
it may be necessary to utilize either double hinged or double gimbal expansion joints.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.36 Seismic Joints and Expansion Loops
Piping used in applications and locations subject to seismic conditions have their own set of unexpected random
movements. The random motion common to earthquakes requires that seismic expansion joints be capable of movement
in any direction. Of the 6 possible directions, PHF sees axial movement of the hose in only two of them compared to four
in an “L” shaped assembly. Seismic expansion joints orientation can be changed relative to the piping, further minimizing
the likelihood of compressive movement.
Pipe Guide
5805 kg 5805 kg
Bellows Expansion Joint
353 kg 353 kg
92 kg 92 kg
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Hard Pipe Loop
Significant cost and safety benefits found in Pacific Hoseflex seismic expansion joints.
• It is an inexpensive alternative to dual-tied bellows expansion joints and especially ball joints.
• During an earthquake, it protects equipment by allowing boilers, chillers, fan-coil units and other systems to move
independently of the building, Hospitals, high rises and commercial plumping applications.
• Installed at the connection also prevents nozzles from cracking or shearing off.
• A break in the gas pipe work could start a fire, which can of course be devastating. This Australian Gas Approval (AGA)
certified seismic expansion joint will compensate for the movement that occurs during any seismic activity such as an
earthquake.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.37 Seismic Joints (V Shape)
Flexibility
Construction: Annular / Close Pitch
Profile: High Flexiblity / High Pressure Cycle Life
Material Available: 304 / 316 Stainless Steel Pressure Rating
Braid Available: 304 / 316 Stainless Steel
Size Available: 1’’ - 16’’ Chemical Resistance
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Construction
Use:
Used in a variety of applications and locations where subject to
seismic conditions or large amounts of pipework movement.
The random motion common to earthquakes requires that seismic
expansion joints to be capable of movement in any direction.
Standards:
ISO 10380
AGA Approved: AS 4631:2005 (upon requirement)
Watermark Approved (upon requirement)
Specifications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.38 Seismic Joints (V Shape)
Note :
- Dimension ‘A’ and ‘B’ are approx dimensions without Fitting only and are subject to change without notice.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A
B
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.39 Seismic Joints (U Shape)
Flexibility
Construction: Annular / Close Pitch
Profile: High Flexiblity / High Pressure Cycle Life
Material Available: 304 / 316 Stainless Steel Pressure Rating
Braid Available: 304 / 316 Stainless Steel
Size Available: 1’ - 16’’ Chemical Resistance
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Construction
Use:
Used in a variety of applications and locations where subject to
seismic conditions or large amounts of pipework movement.
The random motion common to earthquakes requires that seismic
expansion joints be capable of movement in any direction.
Standards:
ISO 10380
AGA Approved: AS 4631:2005 (upon requirement)
Watermark Approved (upon requirement)
Specifications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.40 Seismic Joints (U Shape)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A
B
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.41 External Pressurised Expansion Joints
The XT style of the joint is relatively inexpensive and is designed primarily to fit the following applications:
a) In tunnels or locations where articulated joints can not be used but where large amounts of axial expansion have to be
absorbed. It would normally be less expensive to install one XT joint than to divide the pipeline up into several sets of
expansion joint(s), anchors and guides. It is impractical to use more than two normal bellows together because of the
tendency of the bellows to squirm once a certain length diameter ratio is exceeded.
b) At extremely high pressure even short bellows can become unstable under internal pressure. This can be overcome by the
use of an XT type joint, which has the bellows under tension and therefore stabilised.
c) Where it is undesirable to have solids accumulate in the convolutions of an expansion joint, the XT can be fitted with drains
or manholes to facilitate the regular cleaning out of these areas.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.42 Definition of Movement
Axial Compression
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Pressure is external to the bellows for maximum stability.
When the pipe expands, it compresses the expansion joint but extends the bellows. The bellows
EXPANSION JOINTS
element remains stable due to the external pressure actin upon it.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.43 External Pressurised Expansion Joints (XT)
Flexibility
Part No.: XT
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: High Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Standard Flow Liner Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 1’’ - 10’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.44 External Pressurised Expansion Joints (XT)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
200 XT–2000–100 200 660 660 2000 100 154.1
200 XT–2000–150 200 940 940 2000 150 154.1
200 XT–2000–200 200 1220 1220 2000 200 154.1
250 XT–1000–100 250 660 660 1000 100 93.2
250 XT–1000–150 250 940 940 1000 150 93.2
250 XT–1000–200 250 1220 1220 1000 200 93.2
250 XT–2000–100 250 660 660 2000 100 189.1
250 XT–2000–150 250 940 940 2000 150 189.1
250 XT–2000–200 250 1270 1270 2000 200 189.1
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.45 Double External Pressurised Expansion Joints (DXT)
Flexibility
Part No.: DXT
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Material: 304, 321, 316, Incoloy, Inconel, Nickel, Hastelloy Pressure Rating
Profile: High Flexibility / High Pressure
Liner: Standard Flow Liner Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 1’’ - 10’’ Wall Thickness
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Specifications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.46 Double External Pressurised Expansion Joints (DXT)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
250 DXT–1000–300 250 1778 1778 1000 300 93.2
250 DXT–1000–400 250 2337 2337 1000 400 93.2
250 DXT–2000–200 250 1220 1220 2000 200 189.1
250 DXT–2000–300 250 1778 1778 2000 300 189.1
250 DXT–2000–400 250 2337 2337 2000 400 189.1
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.47 PTFE Expansion Joint Design
Introduction
Pacific Hoseflex expansion joints are made of contour moulded PTFE (white or black), providing exceptional corrosion
resistance and flex-life. The flexible liner is moulded over the metallic sealing face which eliminates troublesome
separate gaskets and reduces the chances of bacteria build up. Different numbers of convolutions accommodate
varying degrees of misalignment, axial travel and angular deflection between components.
These expansion joints have found widespread acceptance in the chemical processing industry and commercial
heating and air-conditioning systems as pump connectors and at strategic points throughout systems. Because of their
established record of long service life, they are the most economical vibration and sound absorbers available.
They are manufactured with integral steel limit bolts and reinforcing rings enabling the bellows to absorb vibration and
allow for thermal movement and misalignment in piping. They also provide resistance to rotational forces which can
lead to joint failure, offering long life in coastal, marine, and chlorine rich environments.
They are available in 2, 3 and 5 Convolution models, with varying amounts of allowed movement.
PTFE expansion joints are capable of handling all of the following movements:
• Angular misalignment - called angular deflection and angular rotation, is the displacement of one flange in relation
• to the other causing them to lie in non-parallel planes.
• Vibration - Absorbing movement caused by generators or pumps that may result in pipe work cracking.
• Parallel misalignment - called offset or lateral deflection, is the displacement of one flange in relation to the other
• while they lie in parallel planes.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
• Combined travel and misalignment are proportionately lower for each type of deflection according to the
• percentage of the “maximum” that is required for the other.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.48 Definition of Movement
ANGULAR DEFLECTION
“Maximum Angular Deflection” may be called angular
rotation. It is based on installation with no axial travel or
lateral offset.
VIBRATION
In addition to noise, vibration transmitted through piping
can cause leaks, premature equipment wear and cracked
welds. Expansion joints drastically reduce vibration
transmission, thereby solving many of these issues.
AXIAL TRAVEL
9 10
“Maximum Axial Travel” may be called longitudinal
movement or axial compression and extension. It is based
on installation with no misalignment or angular deflection.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
MISALIGNMENT
“Maximum Misalignment” may also be referred to as lateral
offset or deflection. It is based on installation with no axial
travel or angular deflection.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.49 Operating Pressure vs. Temperature
1034
689
kPa
344
689
kPa
344
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
689
344
kPa
Temperature
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.50 PTFE Expansion Joint 2 - Convoluted (PEJ2)
Flexibility
Part No.: PEJ2
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Profile: High Flexibility / Medium Pressure Pressure Rating
Liner: Optional
Size Available: 1’’ - 12’’ Chemical Resistance
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Construction
Use:
PTFE bellows are specifically designed to compensate
for pipe expansion, vibration and misalignment in
process piping and vessels. PTFE bellows are
constructed from uniform-walled isostatically molded
PTFE and demonstrate a high level of design
consistency throughout the product line.
Specifications
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PEJ-50-2 50 48 92 1378 6 3 3.53
PEJ-65-2 65 50 104 1378 8 3 4.89
PEJ-80-2 80 67 127 1378 10 4 5.94
PEJ-100-2 100 67 157 1378 12 6 8.25
PEJ-125-2 125 72 185 1378 17 6 10.16
PEJ-150-2 150 72 216 1378 12 6 12.56
PEJ-200-2 200 94 269 1170 20 6 18.59
PEJ-250-2 250 102 323 1170 25 6 27.26
PEJ-300-2 300 105 381 1034 25 6 40.68
*See Operating Pressure vs. Temperature graph for correction factors. Page 101
Applications
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.51 PTFE Expansion Joint 3 - Convoluted (PEJ3)
Flexibility
Part No.: PEJ3
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Profile: High Flexibility / Medium Pressure Pressure Rating
Liner: Optional
Size Available: 1’’ - 8’’ Chemical Resistance
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Construction
Use:
PTFE bellows are specifically designed to compensate
for pipe expansion, vibration and misalignment in
process piping and vessels. PTFE bellows are
constructed from uniform-walled isostatically molded
PTFE and demonstrate a high level of design
consistency throughout the product line.
Specifications
*See Operating Pressure vs. Temperature graph for correction factors. Page 101
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.52 PTFE Expansion Joint 5 - Convoluted (PEJ5)
Flexibility
Part No.: PEJ5
Construction: Convoluted Cycle Life
Profile: High Flexibility / Medium Pressure Pressure Rating
Liner: Optional
Size Available: 1’’ - 6’’ Chemical Resistance
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Construction
Use:
PTFE bellows are specifically designed to compensate
for pipe expansion, vibration and misalignment in
process piping and vessels. PTFE bellows are
constructed from uniform-walled isostatically molded
PTFE and demonstrate a high level of design
consistency throughout the product line.
Specifications
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
PEJ-50-5 50 100 92 703 27 12 3.94
PEJ-80-5 80 125 127 703 27 12 6.71
PEJ-100-5 100 132 157 703 33 15 9.25
PEJ-150-5 150 144 216 703 39 15 14.42
*See Operating Pressure vs. Temperature graph for correction factors. Page 101
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.53 Rubber Expansion Joints Design
Introduction
Rubber expansion bellows can be used for both suction and delivery (discharge) due to its excellent stability and
pressure capacity. Rubber Expansion Joints are generally used as connectors between vessels operating at widely
different temperatures ranging up to 115°C. The sizes range from 32 mm to 500 mm including a wide variety of
different flanges and materials. Most common available materials are; EPDM ,Neoprene, Buna/Nitrile, Hypalon, Butyl
and natural rubber.
Rubber expansion joints are generally used in heating and air conditioning systems, marine environments, sewage
plants, industrial systems and for mild chemicals and oils. Rubber expansion joints permit the necessary motion and
flexibility in a ‘working’ ship’s piping system. The compactness, resilience and low stress features make them ideally
suited for shipboard piping systems. Sewage treatment plants, water treatment plants and air scrubber systems
all employ the use of general rubber expansion joints. Sludge pumps, raw and secondary sewage lines, centrifugal
air blowers and scrub stacks use expansion joints due to their resistance to abrasion and corrosion, as well as their
flexibility, making them well suited for these applications.
Rubber expansion joints are designed to alleviate piping stress, absorb pipe misalignment, compression and extension, noise
and vibration, in a relatively short space. Standard stock items are the single arch and the twin-sphere joints. The spherical
shape arch of the connector and excellent original structural design contribute to the great success of the joint.
Combined with its internally laid tough flexible fibres and its moulding technique, rubber expansion joints have great ability
to withstand the force of a creating vacuum. Internal reinforced rings can be inserted to increase the suction capabilities of
the bellows.
Temperature Correction Factor
80 °C 85 °C 90 °C 95 °C 100 °C 105 °C
x 1.0 x 0.92 x 0.83 x 0.75 x 0.67 x 0.60
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.54 Rubber Expansion Joints Installation Guide
BOLT TORQUE:
Below are the minimum recommended torque values for non-metallic expansion joints with beaded end type flanges to
achieve an adequate seal:
NOTE:
Over torquing bolts can cause deformation of the rubber
expansion joint flanges, thus resulting in possible
premature failure.
Tighten bolts in stages by alternating around the flange. Use recommended torque values above to achieve a good seal. Never
tighten an expansion joint to the point that there is metal-to-metal contact between the expansion joint flange and the mating
flange.
STORAGE / HANDLING:
Store expansion joints in a dry/cool location such as a warehouse. Store flange face down on a pallet or wooden platform. Do
not store other heavy items on top of expansion joint(s). Ten-year shelf life can be expected with ideal
conditions.
Do not lift with ropes or bars through the bolt holes. If lifting through the bore, use padding or a saddle to distribute the weight.
Do not let expansion joints sit vertically on the edges
of the flanges for any period of time.
ADDITIONAL TIPS: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Insulation over a non-metallic rubber expansion joint is not recommended; however, if the insulation is required, it should be
made removable to permit easy access to the flange area to check bolting.
It is acceptable (but not necessary) to lubricate the expansion joint flanges with a thin film of graphite dispersed in glycerin or
water for ease of disassembly at a later time.
If an expansion joint is to be installed underground, or will be submerged in water, contact the manufacturer for specific
EXPANSION JOINTS
guidelines.
If the expansion joint will be installed outdoors, make sure the cover material will withstand ozone, sunlight, etc. Materials such
as Neoprene and Chlorobutyl are recommended. Materials painted with weather resistant paint will provide additional ozone
and sunlight protection.
Check the tightness of retaining rings two or three weeks after installation and retighten as necessary.
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.55 Rubber Expansion Joints Installation Guide
WARNING:
Expansion joints may operate in pipelines or equipment carrying fluids and/or gases at elevated temperatures and pressures
and may transport hazardous materials. Precautions should be taken to protect personnel in the event of leakage or splash.
Rubber expansion joints should not be installed in inaccessible areas where inspection is impossible
RESTRAINTS
Restraints are used for lateral and angular compensators. The restraints absorb axial reaction force produced by inner pressure.
Even so, the connected pipe must be equipped with light fixed points to absorb moving force and moments.
Precise rating details and operating parameters of the corresponding machinery or equipment must be known to correctly
calculate the degree of restraints:
- Triangular end plates (gussets) have two holes for bolting securely to flange, and one hole to accommodate the connecting tie
rod
- Spherical washers are incorporated to accommodate moderate piping alignments, but also assists with angular, torsional and
lateral movements
- Each rod incorporates double nuts on each end to keep the expansion joint from over-elongating
- When excessive axial compression is a concern, compression nuts can be incorporated to restrict movements as needed and to
protect the expansion joint from damage
Outer restraints are used to absorb Outer and inner restraints are used to
reaction force from internal pressure absorb reaction force from internal
pressure and vacuum
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.56 Definition of Movement
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Concurrent Movements
Concurrent movements are developed when two or more movements in a pipe system occur at the same time.
If multiple movements exceed single arch design there may be a need for additional arches.
To perform calculation for concurrent movement when a pipe system design has more than one movement,
please use the following formula:
Actual Axial Compression + Actual Axial Extension + Actual Lateral (X) + Actual Lateral (Y)
Rated Axial Compression + Rated Axial Extension + Rated Lateral (X) + Rated Lateral (Y)
= / <1
Calculation must be equal to or less than 1 for expansion joint to operate within concurrent movement capability.
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.57 Single Sphere Rubber Expansion Joint (REJ)
Rubber Expansion Joint - REJ Low | Med | High
Part No.: REJ
Material: EPDM, Neoprene (CR), Viton, Buna/Nitrile, Hyperlon, Natural Rubber Flexibility
Food Grade: White Nitrile (NBR) (Upon Request)
Cycle Life
Liner: PTFE, Metallic (Upon Request)
Construction: Smoothbore Sphere Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / Medium Pressure
Chemical Resistance
Vacuum Ring: Available on Request
Size Available: 1 1/4’’ - 24’’ (Larger sizes upon Request) Wall Thickness
Temperature: -30°C +105°C
Construction
Use:
Rubber expansion joints are designed to alleviate
piping stress, absorb pipe misalignment, compression
and extension, noise and vibration, in a relatively short
space.
Temperature Correction Factor
80 °C 85 °C 90 °C 95 °C 100 °C 105 °C
x 1.0 x 0.92 x 0.83 x 0.75 x 0.67 x 0.60
Specifications
Nom Max. Working Movements
Part Length Vacuum
Bore Pressure Axial Compression Axial Elogation Lateral Deflection Angular Deflection
Number
(mm) (mm) kPa (mm) (mm) (mm) (Deg) Hg
REJE-32 32 95 1550 8 4 4 15° 600
REJE-40 40 95 1550 8 4 4 15° 600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.58 Twin Sphere Rubber Expansion Joints (TREJ)
Rubber Expansion Joint - TREJ Low | Med | High
Part No.: TREJ
Material: EPDM, Neoprene (CR), Viton, Buna/Nitrile, Hyperlon, Natural Rubber Flexibility
Food Grade: White Nitrile (NBR) (Upon Request)
Cycle Life
Liner: PTFE, Metallic (Upon Request)
Construction: Smoothbore Sphere Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / Medium Pressure
Chemical Resistance
Vacuum Ring: Available on Request
Size Available: 1 1/4’’ - 24’’ (Larger sizes upon Request) Wall Thickness
Temperature: -30°C +105°C
Construction
Use:
Rubber expansion joints are designed to alleviate
piping stress, absorb pipe misalignment, compression
and extension, noise and vibration, in a relatively short
space.
Temperature Correction Factor
80 °C 85 °C 90 °C 95 °C 100 °C 105 °C
x 1.0 x 0.92 x 0.83 x 0.75 x 0.67 x 0.60
Specifications
Nom Max. Working Movements
Part Length Vacuum
Bore Pressure Axial Compression Axial Elogation Lateral Deflection Angular Deflection
Number
(mm) (mm) kPa (mm) (mm) (mm) (Deg) Hg
TREJE-32 32 175 1550 53 27 45 40° 600
TREJE-40 40 175 1550 53 27 45 40° 600
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TREJE-50 50 175 1550 53 27 45 40° 600
TREJE-65 65 175 1550 53 27 45 40° 600
TREJE-80 80 175 1550 53 27 45 40° 600
TREJE-100 100 225 1550 53 31 40 35° 600
TREJE-125 125 225 1550 53 31 40 35° 600
TREJE-150 150 225 1550 53 31 40 35° 600
TREJE-200 200 325 1550 65 30 35 30° 600
TREJE-250 250 325 1550 65 30 35 30° 600
TREJE-300 300 325 1550 65 30 35 30° 600
TREJE-350 350 350 1034 43 30 30 20° 600
TREJE-400 400 350 860 43 30 30 20° 600
TREJE-450 450 350 860 43 30 30 20° 600
TREJE-500 500 350 860 43 30 30 20° 600
TREJE-600 600 350 758 43 30 30 20° 600
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.59 Twin Sphere Union Rubber Expansion Joints (T12REJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: T12REJ
Material: EPDM, Neoprene, Viton, Buna/Nitrile, Hyperlon, Natural Rubber Cycle Life
Construction: Smoothbore Sphere
Pressure Rating
Profile: Medium Flexibility / Medium Pressure
Vacuum Ring: Available on Request Chemical Resistance
Size Available: 5/8’’ - 3’’
(Larger sizes upon Request) Wall Thickness
Temperature: -30°C +105°C
Construction
Use:
Rubber expansion joints are designed to alleviate
piping stress, absorb pipe misalignment, compression
and extension, noise and vibration, in a relatively short
space.
Temperature Correction Factor
80 °C 85 °C 90 °C 95 °C 100 °C 105 °C
x 1.0 x 0.92 x 0.83 x 0.75 x 0.67 x 0.60
Specifications
Movements
Nom Max. Working
Part Length Axial Axial Lateral Angular Vacuum
Bore Pressure
Number Compression Elogation Deflection Deflection
(mm) (mm) kPa (mm) (mm) (mm) (Deg) Hg
T12REJN-15-BPHG 15 203 1034 22 6 22 32 660
T12REJN-20-BPHG 20 203 1034 22 6 22 32 660
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.60 Fabric Expansion Joints (FEJ)
Flexibility
Part No.: FEJ
Construction: Smoothbore Cycle Life
Material: PVC, Neoprene, Hypalon, Butyl, Silicone, Viton, PTFE, Polyester
Pressure Rating
Cuff Styles: Rectangular, Circular
Size Available: 4’’ to 80’’ Chemical Resistance
(Larger sizes upon Request)
Construction
Use:
Non-metallic expansion joints are flexible connectors designed to
provide stress relief in ducting systems by absorbing movement
caused by thermal changes. They also act as vibration isolators,
stock absorbers and in some instances to make up for minor
misalignment of adjoining ducting or equipment. Non-metallic
expansion joints solve problems caused by the thermal and
mechanical stresses generated in these complex systems.
Specifications
Fabric expansion joints are widely used for a large number of industrial applications including:
• Power Plants • Filter Systems
• Boiler Systems • Ventilators
• Flue Gas • Ventilation Systems
• Nitrogen Oxide Reduction • Dust Extraction Systems
• Gas Turbines • Offshore Installations
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
• Nuclear Power Plants • Chemical Industry
• Incinerator Plants
• Cement Industry
The implementation of fabric expansion joints provides a number of advantages, which are technically and
economically important:
• Extremely flexible absorbing large movements
• Absorbing different movements simultaneously
• Only requiring a limited building length
• Lightweight
• Easy to handle, store, install, repair and replace
• Does not transmit noise or vibrations.
• Reducing the necessary strength of fix-points and supports
• Non corroding
• Dimensionally stable
• Cost effective
Applications
EXPANSION JOINTS
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EXPANSION JOINTS
3.61 Notes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
EXPANSION JOINTS
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