Engine

Aftertreatment
Systems

Operator’s Manual 2017 Emissions

Contents

Safety..................................... 1

Introduction..................................... 2

Maintenance..................................... 3

Information..................................... 4
 Contents

© 2017 PACCAR Inc. - All Rights Reserved

This manual illustrates and describes the operation of features or equipment which may be either
standard or optional on this vehicle. This manual may also include a description of features and
equipment which are no longer available or were not ordered on this vehicle. Please disregard any
illustrations or descriptions relating to features or equipment which are not on this vehicle. PACCAR
reserves the right to discontinue, change specifications, or change the design of its vehicles at any
time without notice and without incurring any obligation. The information contained in this manual is
proprietary to PACCAR. Reproduction, in whole or in part, by any means is strictly prohibited without
prior written authorization from PACCAR Inc.
 SAFETY -

1
Chapter 1 | SAFETY
In this Chapter:

Using this Manual..................................................................................................................................7

Safety Alerts..........................................................................................................................................7
Illustrations............................................................................................................................................ 8

6 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 SAFETY - Using this Manual

indicate that in a cross-reference like this:

Using this Manual NOTE
(See Safety Alerts on page 7). You won’t 1
have to go searching for more information.
Finally you’ll find a helpful Subject Index.
Please take the time to get acquainted with After you’ve read this manual, it should It’s in the back of the manual and
your vehicle by reading this Operator’s be stored in the cab for convenient ref- alphabetically lists the subjects covered.
Manual. We recommend that you read and erence and remain with this truck So if you want information on brakes, for
understand this manual from beginning to when sold. example, just look under Brake in the
end before you operate this equipment. Subject Index. You’ll find all the pages
This manual contains useful information for Your vehicle may not have all the features listed where brakes or braking are
the safe and efficient operation of this or options mentioned in this manual. discussed.
equipment. It also provides service Therefore, you should pay careful attention All information contained in this manual is
information, with an outline for performing to the instructions that pertain to just your based on the latest production information
safety checks and basic preventive vehicle. In addition, if your vehicle is available at the time of publication.
maintenance inspections. We have tried to equipped with special equipment or options Kenworth Truck Company Peterbilt Motors
present the information you’ll need to learn not discussed in this manual, consult your Company reserves the right to make
about functions, controls, and operation— dealer or the manufacturer of the changes at any time without notice.
and to present it as clearly as possible. We equipment.
hope you’ll find this manual easy to use. There are several tools built into this
There will be times when you need to take manual to help you find what you need Safety Alerts
this manual out of the glovebox. When you quickly and easily. First is the Quick Table
do, please be sure to return it when you of Contents. Located at the front of the Please read and follow all of the safety
are finished using it. That way it will be manual, this lists the main subjects alerts contained in this manual. They are
there when you need it the next time or covered and gives section numbers where there for your protection and information.
when you pass the vehicle on to the next you can find these subjects. Use the Quick These alerts can help you avoid injury to
user. Table of Contents to find information on a yourself, your passengers and help prevent
large subject like “Maintenance.” Cross- costly damage to the vehicle. Safety alerts
referenced citations also help you get the are highlighted by safety alert symbols and
information you need. If some other part of signal words such as “WARNING”,
the manual contains further information on “CAUTION”, or “NOTE”. Please DO NOT
the subject you are reading about, we’ll ignore any of these alerts.

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 7
 SAFETY - Illustrations

Warnings operating procedures which could cause

1 equipment or property damage. The alert
NOTE
will identify the hazard, how to avoid it, and
the probable consequence of not avoiding
the hazard. Pumping the accelerator will not assist
The safety message following this symbol in starting the engine.
and signal word provides a warning against
operating procedures which could cause CAUTION
death or injury. They could also cause
Continuing to operate your vehicle with
Illustrations
equipment or property damage. The alert
will identify the hazard, how to avoid it and insufficient oil pressure will cause seri- Some of the illustrations throughout this
the probable consequence of not avoiding ous engine damage. Failure to comply manual are generic and will NOT look
the hazard. may result in equipment or property exactly like the engine or parts used in
damage. your application. The illustrations can
contain symbols to indicate an action
WARNING Notes required and\or an acceptable or NOT
acceptable condition.
Hot engine oil can be dangerous. You The illustrations are intended to show
could be burned. Let the engine oil repair or replacement procedures. The
cool down before changing it. Failure procedure will be the same for all
to comply may result in death, person- The message following this symbol and applications, although the illustration may
al injury, equipment or property dam- signal word provides important information differ.
age. that is not safety related but should be
followed. The alert will highlight things that
Cautions may not be obvious and is useful to your
efficient operation of the vehicle.

The safety message following this symbol

and signal word provides a caution against

8 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 SAFETY - Illustrations

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 9
 INTRODUCTION -

Chapter 2 | INTRODUCTION
2
In this Chapter:

Vehicle Emissions Controls.................................................................................................................12

Lamps................................................................................................................................................. 12
What is a Diesel Particulate Filter?..................................................................................................... 14
Functionality / Notification Information................................................................................................ 14
Extended Idling................................................................................................................................... 15
Warning Symbols Quick Reference.................................................................................................... 15
Notification of High Exhaust System Temperature..............................................................................17
Notification Regeneration is Required.................................................................................................18
Controlling Regeneration Process...................................................................................................... 19
How to Enable an Automatic Regeneration of the DPF...................................................................... 21
How to Start a Parked Regeneration.................................................................................................. 22
Stop an Automatic or Parked Regeneration........................................................................................23
What is a Selective Catalyst Reduction System?............................................................................... 24
DEF Gauge......................................................................................................................................... 24

10 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION -

Why is the DEF Warning Light on?..................................................................................................... 25

Functionality / Notification Information................................................................................................ 26
2

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 11
 INTRODUCTION - Vehicle Emissions Controls

2. Aftertreatment Unit (DPF, DEF Engine aftertreatment system includes a

Doser and SCR) diesel particulate filter and DPF warning
Vehicle Emissions 3. Filtered/Treated Exhaust lamp.
Controls
2 4. Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Tank
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Lamp
This vehicle has an exhaust Aftertreatment Engine aftertreatment system includes a
System (ATS), to control vehicle exhaust Lamps diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) warning lamp on
emissions.The exhaust Aftertreatment the DEF gauge and additional warning
system consist of a Diesel Particulate Filter Aftertreatment System Warning lamps in the instrument cluster.
(DPF), Selective Catalyst Reduction Lamps DEF Warning Lamp in Instrument Cluster
(SCR), Regeneration Switch and warning
lights. The DPF will trap soot from the ATS specific warning lamps and indicator
engine exhaust gases. The SCR uses symbols are located on the main gauge
Diesel Exhaust Fluid to reduce the levels of cluster.
NOx in the engine exhaust. The ATS will
periodically clean (regenerate) the DPF. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Gauge
Aftertreatment System Detail Warning Lamp
This warning symbol will appear when the
DPF needs to be regenerated and then
also during the regeneration cycle. This
icon may also appear if the system is
attempting to automatically regenerate
while the vehicle is in Power Take Off
operation mode.

1. Hydrocarbon Doser from Turbo

1 2

12 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Lamps

1. DEF Symbol do so could result in serious burns

elevated during and shortly after a re- to the skin.
2. DEF Gauge Warning Lamp
generation event or normal vehicle op-
The DEF lamp(s) will illuminate when the eration when engine is under high or
fluid in the DEF tank reaches a low level. If
the lamp illuminates but the level is full,
heavy loading. Malfunction Indicator Lamp
2
seek service immediately for DEF fluid If the High Exhaust System Temperature
quality or DEF equipment repair. (HEST) warning lamp is on:
• Do not park in an area of
High Exhaust System Temperature combustible vapors or materials.
(HEST) Warning Lamp You must keep combustibles at Illuminates when an engine emissions
least 1.5 m (5 ft) away from the failure has occurred. The vehicle can be
Engine aftertreatment system includes a
exhaust (outlet) stream (as it exits safely driven but should be serviced to
high exhaust system temperature (HEST)
the tail pipe) while the HEST lamp correct the problem. The situation should
warning lamp.
is illuminated. Always park your not be considered an emergency. In some
vehicle outside. Failure to do so cases, the Malfunction Indicator Lamp
could ignite an explosion or harm (MIL) will activate in conjunction with the
bystanders which could result in High Exhaust System Temperature
serious injury. (HEST), Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and
• Do not park in an area where Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) warning lamps.
Keep vehicle a safe distance from people are close by. You must keep
combustible items. combustibles at least 1.5 m (5 ft) NOTE
away from the exhaust outlet while
the HEST lamp is illuminated. The malfunction indicator lamp (MIL)
WARNING Failure to do so could result in will illuminate if the on-board diagnos-
serious injury. tics (OBD) system detects a possible
Temperature of the tail pipe, exhaust
• Do not approach the exhaust emissions system failure. The vehicle
pipe, the diesel particular filter (DPF) /
system or surrounding areas should be brought in for service at the
selective catalytic reduction (SCR) de-
without allowing adequate time for next opportunity to ensure the condi-
vice and surrounding components in-
the system to cool down. Failure to tion is corrected.
cluding enclosures and steps, will be

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 13
 INTRODUCTION - What is a Diesel Particulate Filter?

Emissions System Lamp

Perform the following steps if an emissions WARNING What is a Diesel
related derate occurs and the emissions Particulate Filter?
2 lamp comes on. If the Stop Engine warning lamp illumi-
nates, it means you have a serious en-
gine system problem. This should be The diesel particulate filter is a component
considered an emergency. You should of the overall vehicle emission system that
stop the vehicle as safely as possible traps particulate matter, soot, from the
1. Add DEF fluid (more than 1/4 tank). and turn OFF the ignition. The vehicle exhaust. Soot is composed of the partially
2. Perform parked regeneration. must be serviced and the problem cor- burned particles of fuel that occur during
3. Seek service at the next stop if the rected before driving again. Failure to normal engine operation (black smoke).
warning light is still on. comply may result in death, personal
injury, equipment or property damage.
Functionality / Notification
Stop Engine Lamp
For engines with the engine-protection Information
shutdown feature enabled, the stop engine
lamp will begin to flash 30 seconds before The ATS will regenerate the DPF by using
the engine automatically shuts down. The hot exhaust gases normally generated by
warning lamp alerts the operator to the the engine. This typically occurs during
impending shutdown. highway operation (known as "Passive"
1 2 The lamp will also illuminate when the DEF Regeneration) and is transparent to the
The stop engine warning lamp will tank is almost empty or the soot level in the operation of the vehicle.
illuminate, and an audible tone will sound, DPF is at full capacity. At this level Occasionally, the exhaust gases are not
when a major engine problem exists. Your warning, regeneration cannot be performed hot enough for Passive Regeneration.
vehicle will be equipped with one of the and engine power will be derated. When this occurs, the ATS will regenerate
indicators above, 1 or 2, depending on the Engine may automatically shut down if the the DPF by increasing the exhaust
engine model. check engine lamp and stop engine lamp temperature. This is referred to as an
are illuminated and the operator does not "Automatic" Regeneration and is also
correct the condition. transparent to vehicle operation. An
Automatic Regeneration event typically

14 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Extended Idling

lasts 30 minutes. During and shortly after Idling the engine for 3 or more hours in automatically, regardless if the DPF lamp is
the event, the exhaust gases from the DPF freezing temperatures accelerates the build on or off, to remove these hydrocarbon
may reach temperatures in excess of 650° up of soot in the DPF. The system will deposits and moisture. The engine speed
C (1202° F). See the information in the illuminate the DPF warning light on the will remain elevated for 20 to 60 minutes.
following table on probable causes and instrument cluster to indicate that the DPF If necessary, the RPMs can be lowered by 2
recommended actions related to the requires regeneration. If the DPF Lamp depressing the throttle, clutch, or brake
warning lamps and indicator symbols of the turns on, follow the instructions described pedal. The system will restart this cycle
ATS. under How to Enable an Automatic with high idle until all of the deposits are
The ATS may not be able to regenerate the Regeneration of the DPF on page 21. removed from the DPF. If the vehicle
DPF when the vehicle is driven at cannot perform an automatic cycle, the
extended low speeds or with frequent driver will be prompted with a message to
starts and stops. In such cases, warning CAUTION Regenerate the DPF. If the levels of
lamps and indicator symbols will alert the hydrocarbon deposits and moisture
operator to take action. The operator If you ignore the warning lamp and do continue to build up, the system will
should be aware of whether the lamps are not initiate regeneration at the soon- illuminate the DPF Lamp along with the
on unaccompanied or in combination with est, safest possible time, the DPF will Stop Engine Lamp.
others. The following table will describe become increasingly clogged with soot
each warning lamp(s) and what actions are and can lead to severe engine derate.
needed from the operator. Failure to comply may result in equip- Warning Symbols Quick
Related concepts ment or property damage. Reference
Extended idling may also increase
hydrocarbon deposits and moisture in the
Extended Idling DPF. The engine will increase RPM

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 15
 INTRODUCTION - Warning Symbols Quick Reference

FOR INFORMATION SEEK SERVICE TAKE IMMEDIATE ACTION

2 Hot Exhaust - Stay

Check Engine
Stop vehicle and
Clear Coolant idle engine.
Temperature

Regenerate DPF Engine - Emissions

Engine Oil Pressure
Stop the engine or
the engine may
automatically
See Diesel Exhaust See Emissions shutdown.1
Fluid (DEF) Lamp System Lamp on 1 2
on page 12. page 14.
Stop Engine
Symbols2

Any of the above icons may appear alone or together to alert of necessary action to be taken as soon as possible. Warnings may be
either tell-tales or lights within the gauge associated with that fluid. These lights will start flashing to notify of the upcoming engine
derate.

1 May not apply for fire or emergency vehicle applications.

2 Either symbol 1 or 2 will appear depending on engine make for the vehicle.

16 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Notification of High Exhaust System Temperature

Notification of High
Exhaust System
Temperature
2
These conditions will result in the High
Exhaust System Temparture (HEST)
indicator turning on.

Warning Indicator Condition Operator Actions

Any one or combination of these conditions:

• Exhaust outlet temperature is elevated above
normal (at least 450° C / 842° F) and vehicle Follow all warnings listed below. Use the STOP or
slows below 8 kph / 5 mph. DISABLE function of the Regeneration Switch (Or turn
the ignition off) if the situation requires. Follow the
• Normal driving but engine is under heavy
On instructions described under Stop an Automatic or
loading.
Parked Regeneration.
• Automatic Regeneration in process
• Parked Regeneration in process

WARNING

Temperature of the tail pipe, exhaust pipe, the diesel particular filter (DPF) / selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device and sur-
rounding components including enclosures and steps, will be elevated during and shortly after a regeneration event or normal vehi-
cle operation when engine is under high or heavy loading.

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 17
 INTRODUCTION - Notification Regeneration is Required

Notification Regeneration
is Required
2
Level Warning Indicators Condition Operator Actions

The soot level in the DPF is above the How to Enable an Automatic
1 On desired level and requires regeneration. Regeneration of the DPF on page 21

Regenerate the DPF as soon as safely

The soot level in the DPF continues to possible. How to Enable an Automatic
2 stay above the desired level and Regeneration of the DPF on page 21
Flashing requires regeneration. or How to Start a Parked Regeneration
on page 22

The soot level in the DPF continues to Regenerate the DPF immediately. How
stay above the desired level and to Enable an Automatic Regeneration of
3 Flashing
requires regeneration. The engine the DPF on page 21 or How to Start a
On power will derate. Parked Regeneration on page 22

Flashing (MX engine only) At this point, you CANNOT regenerate

The soot level in the DPF is now at full
the DPF. Tow your vehicle to an
On (MX engine only) capacity. Engine power derates
4 Authorized PACCAR Dealer to have the
(decrease rate depends on engine
DPF removed. They will either have to
make).
clean it or replace it.
1 2 Stop Engine Lamp On –
Dash chime

18 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Controlling Regeneration Process

CAUTION Controlling Regeneration WARNING

Process
The engine derate sequence is engine
specific; therefore, to learn how this
If you operate in environments that
contain explosive vapors or flammable
2
system works on your vehicle, refer to Regeneration Switches materials, look to see if your vehicle’s
the Engine Manufacturer's Operation The following information explains how to Regeneration Switch is equipped with
and Maintenance Manual supplied control the regeneration process and use a DISABLE function. The DISABLE
with your vehicle. Failure to comply the regeneration switch. function must be activated prior to en-
may result in equipment or property tering the above environment(s) to
damage. Your vehicle may be equipped with either a prevent automatic engine regeneration
two or three position Regeneration Switch, from occurring, which could cause an
mounted on the dash. explosion or fire. Failing to activate the
WARNING If equipped with a two-position DISABLE function before entering a
Regeneration Switch, the driver can initiate combustible environment may cause
If the Stop Engine warning lamp illumi- a Parked Regeneration when certain an explosion or fire that could lead to
nates, it means you have a serious en- operating conditions are suitable for death, personal injury, equipment or
gine system problem. This should be regeneration; however, you will NOT be property damage.
considered an emergency. You should able to Stop a regeneration if the ATS has
stop the vehicle as safely as possible initiated one automatically. A vehicle with a
and turn OFF the ignition. The vehicle two-position DPF switch can stop a
must be serviced and the problem cor- regeneration by turning the vehicle ignition
rected before driving again. Failure to OFF.
comply may result in death, personal If your vehicle is equipped with a three-
injury, equipment or property damage. position Regeneration Switch, the driver
can control the regeneration process via
the MANUAL or DISABLE positions of the
switch. The DISABLE position should be
used when certain operating conditions are
not suitable for regeneration.

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 19
 INTRODUCTION - Controlling Regeneration Process

WARNING NOTE NOTE

2 Avoid operating the vehicle inside a

building or in environments that con-
Contact your nearest authorized PAC-
CAR dealer to obtain a Regeneration
Parked regeneration requires that your
vehicle is stopped with the parking
tain explosive vapors or flammable Switch with a DISABLE function. In- brake set. See Parked Regeneration
materials if your vehicle does NOT stalling the switch will require that the for details.
have a STOP or DISABLE regenera- engine ECU be reprogrammed.
tion switch. In an event where the re- Related concepts
generation needs to be stopped, turn
the vehicle ignition OFF and the sys- Two-Position Regeneration Switch
Three-Position Regeneration
tem will temporarily stop the regenera-
Two Position Regeneration Switch Switch
tion cycle. Failing to stop a regenera-
tion cycle before entering a combusti-
ble environment may cause an explo- NOTE
sion or fire that could lead to death,
personal injury, equipment or property
The information in this section only ap-
damage.
plies to vehicles equipped with a three-
position Engine Regeneration Switch.

CAUTION
Pressing the button for at least 4 -8 1
Do not leave the switch in the DISA- DISABLE
seconds will initiate a Parked
BLE position unless you need to can-
Regeneration. Vehicles with this button MANUAL
2
cel or stop a regeneration. Running
must turn off the ignition to stop an
the engine with the switch in the DISA-
automatic regeneration. 3
BLE position will result in increased
soot levels in the DPF and could even-
tually cause the engine to derate.
1. Disable

20 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - How to Enable an Automatic Regeneration of the DPF

2. Allow auto regeneration (center manually initiating a Parked Related concepts

position) Regeneration or intentionally
stopping a regeneration, the
3. Manual switch should be in this position.
See DPF Regeneration for instructions on
how to start or stop a ATS regeneration
Placing the switch in the CENTER
(2) position will allow an Automatic How to Enable an 2
(three-position switch only).
Regeneration to occur if conditions
allow. Automatic Regeneration of
DISABLE (Three Position Switch Only) the DPF
When DISABLE (1) is pressed, NOTE
the system will not regenerate Carefully read the following instructions to
under any conditions.
During normal vehicle regenerate the DPF. If you have any
driving, the Regener- problems or difficulties contact your
CAUTION ation Switch must be nearest authorized PACCAR dealer for
in the CENTER posi- assistance. Make sure that any two or
Do not leave the tion. three position switches for the DPF are not
switch in the DISA- in a position that will prevent a
BLE position unless MANUAL (Three Position Switch Only) regeneration from happening.
you need to cancel or Depressing the button in the The instrument cluster will illuminate
stop a regeneration. MANUAL direction (3) for at least various icons that indicate a regeneration
4 -8 seconds will initiate a Parked
Running the engine Regeneration.
is needed. See Notification Regeneration is
with the switch in the Required on page 18. The ATS requires
DISABLE position will conditions typically found in highway
result in increased NOTE driving to regenerate the DPF. If the DPF
soot levels in the warning lamp is illuminated, the easiest
DPF and could even- Parked regeneration option is to assist the ATS by proceeding to
tually cause the en- requires that your ve- the nearest highway.
gine to derate. hicle is stopped with 1. Select a highway that has a posted
the parking brake set. legal speed of more than 35 mph
ALLOW AUTO (Three Position Switch Only)
See Parked Regener- (56 kph).
REGENERATION This is the normal position (2) of
ation for details. 2. Drive your vehicle until the DPF
the switch. Unless you are lamp goes off. This may take 30 –

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 21
 INTRODUCTION - How to Start a Parked Regeneration

45 minutes of speeds greater than

25 mph (40 kph). WARNING NOTE
If your operation or planned route in the
Parking the vehicle too close to any
2 immediate future limits your ability to reach
highway speeds, proceed to the next combustible materials or vapors may
Typical operation areas or materials that
can contain explosive vapors, flamma-
section titled Parked Regeneration. start a fire, ignite an explosion or burn ble materials or people in close proximi-
someone standing close by. Before ty of the vehicle are:
Related concepts
pushing the Regeneration Switch on • Fuel depots
the dash, walk around your vehicle • Grain elevators
and ensure you have at least 1.5 m (5
• Dry grass, leaves or trees
How to Start a Parked ft) clearance from the sides and top of
• Transfer refuse stations/
your vehicle to any combustibles. En-
Regeneration sure no one is in the immediate vicinity dumps
of the tail pipe. Failure to comply could • Parking lots
In very limited applications or operations ignite a fire or cause an explosion, re- • Load/unload terminals
the DPF must be regenerated by initiating sulting in death, personal injury, equip- While the list above may appear com-
a Parked Regeneration. Follow these steps ment or property damage. prehensive, it is your responsibility to
to initiate a Parked Regeneration: take the necessary precautions and be
1. Pull the vehicle over to a safe aware of your surroundings and ensure
location. WARNING that no combustibles (materials or va-
2. Ensure no one is in the immediate pors) or bystanders are close by before
vicinity of the tail pipe. Never initiate a regeneration in a initiating a regeneration.
closed building or enclosure. Always
3. Maintain a minimum of 1.5 m (5 ft) 4. Verify that the following conditions
park your vehicle outside and ensure
of clearance to any combustible are met before proceeding. A
no one is in the immediate vicinity.
materials from the edge and top of Parked Regeneration will not
Failure to comply could ignite a fire or
the vehicle. initiate if any of these conditions
cause an explosion, resulting in death,
personal injury, equipment or property are not met:
damage. • Parking brake is applied / set
• Engine is at low idle

22 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Stop an Automatic or Parked Regeneration

• DPF warning lamp is edgement to you will be an increase in sensitive area. Turn the vehicle ignition off
illuminated or flashing engine rpm and overall engine noise. to stop and prevent the DPF from
• Coolant is at operating regenerating. Alternatively, if the vehicle
has a DPF switch to DISABLE or STOP a
•
temperature
No throttle, brake or clutch NOTE regeneration, depress this switch to 2
applied prevent or stop a regeneration. Turn the
A Parked Regeneration may take 30 vehicle ignition OFF if the regeneration
• PTO is disengaged 3
or more seconds to initiate as the Af- switch does not stop or the vehicle does
• Transmission is in neutral tertreatment System conducts various not have a switch that can stop a
• Cruise control switch is off self-checks to verify all the system re- regeneration.
• Engine brake switch is off quirements have been met.
5. Get out and walk all around vehicle Regeneration will automatically shut off if WARNING
to ensure that the vehicle is at least any of the conditions (in step 4) change or
1.5 m (5 ft) away from all become activated. Contact your nearest Never allow an Automatic Regenera-
combustible materials and no one PACCAR dealer for assistance if you are tion to automatically start while inside
is in the immediate vicinity. unable to initiate a Parked Regeneration a building such as a service bay, shop
6. Climb back into the vehicle. and the DPF warning lamp is illuminated. or building of any kind. Anytime you
7. Push the regeneration button at Related concepts are parking your vehicle inside a build-
least 4 -8 seconds to initiate a ing or enclosure, ALWAYS press the
Parked Regeneration. Regeneration STOP or DISABLE
Switch prior to entering the building.
Stop an Automatic or Failure to comply could ignite a fire or
NOTE
Parked Regeneration cause an explosion, resulting in death,
personal injury, equipment or property
Acknowledgment that a Parked Re-
damage.
generation has initiated will vary by en- Always stop or prevent the vehicle from
gine. The most predominant acknowl- performing an automatic or parked
regeneration ANYTIME you plan to drive
your vehicle into a building, enclosure or

3 Parked regeneration with PTO engaged is dependant on vehicle configuration.

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 23
 INTRODUCTION - What is a Selective Catalyst Reduction System?

WARNING WARNING What is a Selective

Catalyst Reduction
2 Never initiate a regeneration in a
closed building or enclosure. Always
Avoid operating the vehicle inside a
building or in environments that con- System?
park your vehicle outside and ensure tain explosive vapors or flammable
no one is in the immediate vicinity. materials if your vehicle does NOT The SCR system reduces Nitrogen Oxides
Failure to comply could ignite a fire or have a STOP or DISABLE regenera- (NOx) from the exhaust by mixing Diesel
cause an explosion, resulting in death, tion switch. In an event where the re- Exhaust Fluid (DEF) with a catalyst. The
personal injury, equipment or property generation needs to be stopped, turn DEF is contained in a separate tank on the
damage. the vehicle ignition OFF and the sys- vehicle and the level of fluid in the tank is
tem will temporarily stop the regenera- shown in a gauge on the dash.
tion cycle. Failing to stop a regenera- DEF is consumable and needs to be
WARNING tion cycle before entering a combusti- replenished, so monitor the DEF level
ble environment may cause an explo- gauge as you would the fuel level gauge.
If you operate in environments that sion or fire that could lead to death,
contain explosive vapors or flammable personal injury, equipment or property
materials, look to see if your vehicle’s damage. DEF Gauge
Regeneration Switch is equipped with
a STOP function. The STOP function The SCR system reduces Nitrogen Oxides
must be activated prior to entering the NOTE (NOx) from the exhaust by mixing Diesel
above environment(s) to prevent auto- Exhaust Fluid (DEF) with a catalyst. The
matic engine regeneration from occur- To obtain a Regeneration Switch with DEF is contained in a separate tank on the
ring, which could cause an explosion a STOP function, contact an author-
or fire. Failing to activate the STOP ized PACCAR dealer to obtain the
function before entering a combustible proper switch and reprogramming of
environment may cause an explosion your engine’s ECU.
or fire that could lead to death, person-
al injury, equipment or property dam-
age.

24 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Why is the DEF Warning Light on?

vehicle and the level of fluid in the tank is warning lamps and information that will
shown in a gauge on the dash. appear in the instrument cluster. These Failure to correct may
warning lamps will illuminate for the cause the engine to de-
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Gauge
following reasons: rate and limit vehicle

DEF Level The amount of DEF available in the

speed. 2
tank is low. The warning lamp will turn
SCR The system detects failures that may be
on when the gauge needle is near or in
Component the result of tampering with the
the red zone. There are 4 stages to this
Failure aftertreatment (DPF/SCR) system. The
warning.
gauge needle is in the upper region,
indicating there is fluid, but system
failure is detected. There are 3 stages
CAUTION to this warning.

If the DEF warning lamp

turns on due to the DEF
CAUTION
level, refill the DEF tank.
Failure to refill may If the DEF warning lamp
1 2 turns on due to System
cause the engine to de-
rate and limit vehicle Tampering, see your au-
1. DEF Symbol thorized PACCAR dealer
speed.
2. DEF Gauge Warning Lamp to have this repaired.
DEF is consumable and needs to be Failure to repair the sys-
DEF Quality The engine detects that DEF quality is
replenished, so monitor the DEF level below acceptable levels. The gauge tem may cause the en-
gauge as you would the fuel level gauge. needle is in the upper region, indicating gine to derate and limit
there is fluid, but the quality is poor. vehicle speed.
There are 3 stages to these warnings.
Why is the DEF Warning
Light on? CAUTION
There is a warning lamp located in the DEF See your authorized
gauge. There may also be additional PACCAR dealer if the
DEF warning lamp turns
on due to DEF Quality.

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 25
 INTRODUCTION - Functionality / Notification Information

SCR System Status – Reference Chart

2 System Status Non-Emergency Vehicles Emergency Vehicles

DEF Level Warning DEF Level Warning – Non-Emergency DEF Level Warning – Emergency Vehicles
Vehicles on page 26 on page 30

DEF Quality (except PX) DEF Quality Warning – Non-Emergency DEF Quality Warning – Emergency
Vehicles on page 28 Vehicles on page 31

SCR Component Failure SCR Component Failure Warning – Non- SCR Component Failure Warning –
Emergency Vehicles on page 29 Emergency Vehicles on page 32

NOTE

The malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) will illuminate if the on-board diagnostics (OBD)
system detects a possible emissions system failure. The vehicle should be brought
in for service at the next opportunity to ensure the condition is corrected.

Functionality / Notification
Information
DEF Level Warning – Non-
Emergency Vehicles

26 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Functionality / Notification Information

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

DEF level
0 None
sufficient
None
2
DEF level fallen
DEF warning lamp
1 below initial None
On
warning

DEF level fallen

DEF warning lamp
2 below initial None
flashing
warning

DEF level fallen

DEF warning lamp Engine power
3 below initial
flashing derated 25%
Check engine warning
lamp On

Continue to 40%
DEF warning lamp
4 DEF level empty engine power
flashing
Check engine derate
lamp On

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 27
 INTRODUCTION - Functionality / Notification Information

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

Engine has been Engine power

2 Final
DEF warning lamp
1 2
shut down, idled
for 1-hour or a
derated and/or
vehicle speed
flashing
Check engine Stop engine lamp fuel re-fill has significantly
MIL may be On
lamp On may be On occurred limited

DEF Quality Warning – Non-

Emergency Vehicles
The DEF Warning Lamp described in this table only applies to vehicles powered by PACCAR MX Engines.

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

No DEF quality
0 None None
issue

DEF warning Quality issue

1 None
lamp On Check detected
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

80 km (50 mi) or
DEF warning Engine power
2 1 hour after
lamp flashing Check derated 25%
detected
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

28 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Functionality / Notification Information

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

241 km (150 mi) Continue to 40%

3
DEF warning
lamp flashing Check
or 3 hours after
detected
engine power
derate
2
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

Engine has been Engine power

shut down, idled derated and/or
DEF warning
Final for 1-hour or a vehicle speed
lamp flashing Check 1 2
fuel re-fill has significantly
engine lamp On MIL may be ON Stop engine lamp occurred limited
may be On

SCR Component Failure Warning –

Non-Emergency Vehicles
The DEF Warning Lamp described in this table only applies to vehicles powered by PACCAR MX Engines.

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

0 None No Issue None

DEF warning
1 Failure detected None
lamp On Check
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 29
 INTRODUCTION - Functionality / Notification Information

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

80 km (50 mi) or
2 2
DEF warning
lamp flashing Check
1 hour after
detected
Engine power
derated 25%
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

322 km (200 mi) Continue to 40%

DEF warning
3 or 4 hours after engine power
lamp flashing Check detected derate
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

Engine has been Engine power

shut down, idled derated and/or
DEF warning
Final 1 2 for 1-hour or a vehicle speed
lamp flashing Check
Stop engine lamp fuel re-fill has reduced to 8 kph
engine lamp On MIL may be ON occurred (5 mph)
may be On

DEF Level Warning – Emergency

Vehicles

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

DEF level
0 None None
sufficient

DEF level fallen

DEF warning
1 below initial None
lamp On
warning

30 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Functionality / Notification Information

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

DEF level fallen

DEF warning
2
lamp flashing
below critical
warning
None
2
Vehicle speed
DEF warning DEF level less
3 limited to 88 kph
lamp flashing Check than 5%
(55 mph)
engine lamp On

DEF Level empty

and vehicle has Vehicle speed
DEF warning
Final 1 2 been shut down limited to 40 kph
lamp flashing Check MIL
Stop engine lamp or stationary for (25 mph)
engine lamp On may be On
may be On 1-hour

DEF Quality Warning – Emergency

Vehicles

The DEF Warning Lamp described in this table only applies to vehicles powered by PACCAR MX Engines.

Effect on
Level Warnings \ Indicator Condition
Engine

No DEF quality
0 None None
issue

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 31
 INTRODUCTION - Functionality / Notification Information

Effect on
Level Warnings \ Indicator Condition
Engine

2 1
DEF warning Quality issue
None
lamp On Check detected
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

Vehicle speed
DEF warning 10-hours after
2 limited to 88 kph
lamp flashing Check detected
(55 mph)
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

20-hours after
detected, engine Vehicle speed
DEF warning
Final 1 2 has been shut limited to 40 kph
lamp flashing Check
Stop engine lamp down or idled for (25 mph)
engine lamp On MIL may be ON 1-hour
may be On

SCR Component Failure Warning –

Emergency Vehicles
The DEF Warning Lamp described in this table only applies to vehicles powered by PACCAR MX Engines.

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

0 None No Issue None

32 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INTRODUCTION - Functionality / Notification Information

Level Warnings \ Indicators Condition Effect on Engine

1
DEF warning
lamp On Check
Failure detected None 2
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

Vehicle speed
DEF warning 10-hours after
2 limited to 88 kph
lamp flashing Check detected
(55 mph)
engine lamp On MIL may be ON

40-hours after
detected, engine Vehicle speed
DEF warning
Final 1 2 has been shut limited to 40 kph
lamp flashing Check
Stop engine lamp down or idled for (25 mph).
engine lamp On MIL may be ON 1-hour
may be On

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 33
 MAINTENANCE -

Chapter 3 | MAINTENANCE
In this Chapter:
3
Aftertreatment System Power Requirements......................................................................................35
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Tank Straps.............................................................................................35

34 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 MAINTENANCE - Aftertreatment System Power Requirements

Aftertreatment System Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

Power Requirements Tank Straps
Maintenance checks for the DEF tank.
The aftertreatment system uses battery
power for up to 10 minutes after the
ignition is turned off. After the ignition turns
During normal operation of the truck, the
DEF tank straps may relax. Inspect the
3
off, the aftertreatment system circulates spring on top of the strap. If more than ½"
DEF to help cool down the fluid and (12.7mm) of the spring is exposed, the bolt
prevent overheating. For situations where will need to be re-torqued between 70 – 80
the battery will be disconnected (ie for in-lbs. (7.9 – 9 Nm). This distance (1) is
service or maintenance of the vehicle), measured from the washer at the end of
please wait 10 minutes before the spring to the edge of the tube at the top
disconnecting battery power. of the straps.

CAUTION
1/2" (12.7 mm)
Wait at least 10 minutes after the key
switch is turned OFF before discon- 1
necting battery power. The system
uses battery power to circulate DEF
and prevent overheating of the DEF
system. Failure to comply may result
in equipment or property damage.

See Engine Operator's Manual for DEF

filter maintenance interval.

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 35
 INFORMATION -

Chapter 4 | INFORMATION
In this Chapter:

Tampering with Aftertreatment System............................................................................................... 37

4 Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) System................................................................................................37
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System......................................................................................38
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF).................................................................................................................38

36 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INFORMATION - Tampering with Aftertreatment System

sprays a small amount of diesel fuel (the

HC) into the exhaust stream which then
Tampering with reacts with the DOC to generate heat. This NOTE
Aftertreatment System heat will turn the trapped soot into ash until
Refer to your engine manufacturer’s
the filter is completely cleaned
(regenerated). Over time, both soot and Operator’s Manual for diesel particu-
The aftertreatment system for your vehicle late filter (DPF) maintenance informa-
ash accumulate in the DPF unit. While the
as installed from the factory was tion.
soot is cleaned by the system, the resulting
specifically designed to meet the emissions
ash must be removed by servicing the
requirements of the US Environmental
Protection Agency and California Air
Resources Board. Any changes of
vehicle at an authorized PACCAR dealer. A
vehicle with a DPF has up to two additional NOTE 4
indicator lamps on the dashboard. The two
component locations or modifications of Refer to your vehicle or engine manu-
additional lamps, along with the check
any aftertreatment system components facturer’s Operator’s Manual for addi-
engine lamp, alert the operator of the
may reduce the emission effectiveness and tional information on the engine indica-
status of the DPF.
you may be subject to fines under the tor lamps.
United States Clean Air Act.
CAUTION
Diesel Particulate Filter NOTE
Do not submerge or allow water to en-
(DPF) System ter the DPF assembly. Components of Ultra low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel is
the assembly can be damaged and af- required for engines equipped with an
The DPF system consists of a fect the performance of the aftertreat- aftertreatment diesel particulate filter. If
Hydrocarbon (HC) Doser (may not apply to ment system. Failure to comply may ULSD is not used, the engine may not
all engines), a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst result in equipment or property dam- meet emissions regulations, and the
(DOC), and a DPF. During normal age. DPF or aftertreatment Diesel Oxidation
operation the DPF filters soot out of the Catalyst (DOC) can be damaged.
exhaust and constantly monitors inlet and
outlet pressure. When the DPF is full, the
system will activate (via automatic or a
parked regeneration) the HC Doser which

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 37
 INFORMATION - Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) to form nitrogen

and water.
Selective Catalytic DEF: WARNING
Reduction (SCR) System • may have a slight ammonia smell
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) contains
• is colorless urea. Do not get the substance in your
The SCR system is composed of several • is non-toxic and non-polluting eyes. In case of contact, immediately
main components: • is non-flammable flush eyes with large amounts of water
1. Aftertreatment Control Module4 for a minimum of 15 minutes. DO NOT
2. DEF Dosing Unit (DEF Module) swallow internally. In the event the die-
4 3. DEF Dosing Valve
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) sel exhaust fluid is ingested, contact a
physician immediately. Reference the
4. SCR Catalyst Materials Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Diesel Exhaust Fluid
Recommendations and for additional information. Failure to
CAUTION comply may result in personal injury.
Specifications

It is unlawful to tamper with, modify, or

remove any component of the SCR CAUTION CAUTION
system. Failure to comply may result
in equipment or property damage. It is unlawful use Diesel Exhaust Fluid Never attempt to create Diesel Ex-
(DEF) that does not meet the specifi- haust Fluid (DEF) by mixing agricultur-
The system uses DEF from the DEF tank cations provided or to operate the ve- al grade urea with water. Agricultural
and delivers it to the DEF Doser. This DEF hicle/equipment without DEF. Failure grade urea does not meet the neces-
doser sprays a small amount of DEF into to comply may result in equipment or sary specifications required and the af-
the exhaust upstream of the SCR Catalyst. property damage. tertreatment system may be damaged.
The DEF vaporizes and decomposes to Failure to comply may result in equip-
form carbon dioxide and ammonia. The ment damage.
ammonia and SCR catalyst reacts with the
NOx in the exhaust to break down the

4 Only for PACCAR MX powered vehicles.

38 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INFORMATION - Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

For engines using SCR operating in the dealers. For assistance locating
United States and Canada, it is DEF, contact your local PACCAR
CAUTION recommended that the DEF used be authorized repair location.
certified by the American Petroleum • If your vehicle is out of DEF and
PACCAR Inc requires the use of DEF Institute (API). you are unable to locate a source
meeting ISO 22241-1 (DIN 70070) spec- to purchase DEF, please contact
ifications. There is NO acceptable sub- the vehicle OEM customer care
stitute. Failure to use the correct DEF NOTE
center at the telephone number
may cause engine damage and/or void provided in the vehicle operator’s
the warranty. To ensure the correct DEF is used,
• Some locations may reference PACCAR Inc recommends the use of
TRP® CleanBlue Diesel Exhaust Fluid
manual. The vehicle OEM
customer care center will be able to 4
the DIN 70070 standard. DEF contact the nearest dealer location
specification limits of this stand- which is available in different quantity
to you and arrange for an
ard are identical to ISO 22241-1. options from small to bulk containers.
emergency shipment of DEF to
your location 24 hours a day.
PACCAR Inc is not responsible for failures The following are other common names
or damage resulting from what PACCAR used for Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF):
Inc determines to be abuse or neglect,
• AUS 32 (Aqueous Urea Solution
including but not limited to: operation
32)
without correctly specified DEF; lack of
maintenance of the aftertreatment system; • AdBlue
improper storage, or shutdown practices; • NOx Reduction Agent
unauthorized modifications of the engine • Catalyst Solution
and aftertreatment system. PACCAR is Regardless of what the DEF is called, the
also not responsible for failures caused by DEF must meet the ISO 22241-1 (DIN
incorrect DEF or by water, dirt or other 70070) specifications.
contaminants in the DEF. Refer to your
engine and vehicle operator's manuals for
maintenance, storage, and shutdown DEF Availability
information. • DEF is readily available at truck
stops and at all PACCAR Engine

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 39
 INFORMATION - Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

Related concepts 18 months. If stored at higher temperatures

for extended periods of time, the shelf life
will be reduced by approximately 6 months CAUTION
DEF Storage
for every 5°C (9°F) above the highest
storage temperature listed above. Long If Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is spilled
term storage in a vehicle (in excess of 6 on metal surfaces (for example the
NOTE
months) is not recommended. steps, fuel tanks or grab handles) rinse
and clean immediately with water. Fail-
The following information is for refer-
ure to do so may leave permanent cor-
ence and is to be used as a guideline NOTE rosive stains on the metal surfaces
4 only. There are many factors that de-
termine Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) To assist in preventing DEF from dete-
which can not be removed.
shelf life, with temperature and dura- • Make sure to only use approved
riorating when stored in the vehicle's containers to transport and store
tion being two of the major determining DEF tank, locate and plug the tank's DEF. Containers made of poly-
contributors. If in doubt, replace the
venting to seal the tank exposure to ethylene and polypropylene are
fluid with known quality DEF. DEF has
the atmosphere. recommended.
a limited shelf life, both in the vehicle's
diesel exhaust fluid tank and in stor- DEF Tank
• If DEF is spilled, rinse and clean
age/bulk/transportation containers. immediately with water.
• Avoid prolonged contact with
The following conditions are ideal for skin. In case of contact, wash
maintaining DEF quality and shelf life immediately with soap and wa-
during prolonged transportation and ter. If not washed immediately, a
storage: white film will be left when the
• Storage temperature between -5°C DEF dries.
and 25°C (23°F and 77°F)
• Storage in sealed containers to
avoid contamination 1. DEF Tank Vent
• Avoidance of direct sunlight Related concepts
In these conditions, Diesel Exhaust Fluid
(DEF) has a minimum expected shelf life of DEF Handling

40 Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17)
 INFORMATION - Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)

regulations on proper disposal process and • Diesel Fuel

requirements. • Hydraulic Fluid
NOTE Related concepts • Coolant
Spilled DEF, if left to dry or wiped • Windshield Washer Fluid
away with a cloth only, will leave a Contamination / Incorrect Fluid Contact a local PACCAR Authorized
white residue. Failure to clean the spil- The following guidelines are available if Repair location to determine the
led DEF may result in an incorrectly di- DEF gets contaminated or the level of DEF appropriate repair direction. If only water
agnosed leak of the DEF Dosing sys- the tank is significantly different than what has been added to the DEF tank, drain the
tem. the gauge reads. DEF tank, flush with distilled water and

Before using containers, funnels, etc. that

refill with new and/or known good DEF.
Related concepts
4
will be used to dispense, handle or store CAUTION
DEF, make sure to wash thoroughly to
remove any contaminants and then rinse Never add water or any other fluid be-
with distilled water. sides what is specified to the DEF
tank. The aftertreatment system may
be damaged.
NOTE
The system monitors the DEF fluid quality
Do not use tap water to rinse compo- under normal operating temperatures and
nents that will be used to deliver diesel when the vehicle is moving 8 kph (5 mph).
exhaust fluid. Tap water will contami- In some situations, the system may not
nate the DEF. If distilled water is not check DEF quality because of reduced
available, rinse with tap water and operating temperatures. A service tool may
then rinse with DEF. be required to temporarily allow the system
to check the DEF quality at operating
DEF Disposal temperatures regardless of vehicle speed.
In the event that the incorrect fluid is added
If disposing Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF),
to the Diesel Exhaust Fluid tank, such as,
always check with the local authority
but not limited to:
• Water

Y53-6085-1B1 (11/17) 41
Index

Index
A I
Aftertreatment System Warning Lamps 12 Idling in Freezing Temperatures, Extended 15
Illustrations 8
Introduction 24
C
Contamination / Incorrect Fluid 41 M
Malfunction Indicator Lamp 13
D
DEF Handling 40 N
DEF Level Warning – Emergency Vehicles 30
DEF Level Warning – Non-Emergency Vehicles 26 Notification of High Exhaust System Temperature 17
DEF Quality Warning – Emergency Vehicles 31 Notification Regeneration is Required 18
DEF Quality Warning – Non-Emergency Vehicles 28
DEF Storage 40
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Lamp 12 P
Diesel Exhaust Fluid tank maintenance 35
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) System 37 Parked Regeneration 22
Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) Warning Lamp 12
DPF Regeneration 21
R
F Recommendations and Specifications 38
Regeneration Switches 19
Functionality / Notification Information 14 Regeneration SwitchThree-Position 20
Regeneration SwitchTwo-Position 20

H
High Exhaust System Temperature (HEST) Warning Lamp 13
 Index

S
Safety 7
Safety Alerts 7
SCR Component Failure Warning – Emergency Vehicles 32
SCR Component Failure Warning – Non-Emergency Vehicles 29
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System 38
Stop an Automatic or Parked Regeneration 23
Stop Engine Lamp 14

T
Tampering with Aftertreatment System 37

W
Warning Symbols Quick Reference 15
What is a Diesel Partilculate Filter 14
PACRI
P.O. Box 1518
Bellevue, WA 98009 Y53-6085-1B1