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    Soil Stiffness PDF

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    The document discusses methods for determining soil stiffness parameters for numerical modeling. It addresses stiffness of sands and clays. For sands, the modulus E can be estimated from triaxial and oedometer testing based on empirical correlations with soil density and stress level. For clays, the undrained modulus Eu can be estimated as 15,000 times the undrained shear strength divided by the plasticity index. Proper characterization requires laboratory testing, cone penetration testing, or plate loading tests rather than solely empirical correlations.

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    Soil Stiffness PDF

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    114 views24 pages
    The document discusses methods for determining soil stiffness parameters for numerical modeling. It addresses stiffness of sands and clays. For sands, the modulus E can be estimated from triaxial and oedometer testing based on empirical correlations with soil density and stress level. For clays, the undrained modulus Eu can be estimated as 15,000 times the undrained shear strength divided by the plasticity index. Proper characterization requires laboratory testing, cone penetration testing, or plate loading tests rather than solely empirical correlations.

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    The document discusses methods for determining soil stiffness parameters for numerical modeling. It addresses stiffness of sands and clays. For sands, the modulus E can be estimated from triaxial and oedometer testing based on empirical correlations with soil density and stress level. For clays, the undrained modulus Eu can be estimated as 15,000 times the undrained shear strength divided by the plasticity index. Proper characterization requires laboratory testing, cone penetration testing, or plate loading tests rather than solely empirical correlations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    114 views24 pages

    Soil Stiffness PDF

    Uploaded by

    -
    The document discusses methods for determining soil stiffness parameters for numerical modeling. It addresses stiffness of sands and clays. For sands, the modulus E can be estimated from triaxial and oedometer testing based on empirical correlations with soil density and stress level. For clays, the undrained modulus Eu can be estimated as 15,000 times the undrained shear strength divided by the plasticity index. Proper characterization requires laboratory testing, cone penetration testing, or plate loading tests rather than solely empirical correlations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 24

    Determination of Soil Stiffness

    Parameters

    Short Course on Computational Geotechnics + Dynamics


    Boulder, Colorado
    January 5-8, 2004

    Stein Sture
    Professor of Civil Engineering
    University of Colorado at Boulder
    Contents
    General concepts and stiffness of sand
    Hooke’s law
    E-moduli from triaxial testing
    E-moduli from oedometer testing
    Examples on the estimation of E

    Stiffness of clays
    Undrained clay behavior
    Drained clay behavior
    Examples on the estimation of E
    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
    Idealized and real stress-
    strain behavior of soils

    Idealized types of stress-strain behaviors: (a) nonlinear elastic


    Model, (b) linear elastic model, and (c) elastoplastic model

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Idealized and real stress-
    strain behavior of soils

    Various types of elastoplastic behaviors: (a) strain hardening, (b)


    perfectly plastic, (c) strain softening, and (d) combination of a to c.
    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
    Hooke’s Law of Isotropic
    Elasticity

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Hooke’s Law of Isotropic
    Elasticity

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Standard Drained Triaxial Test on
    Sand

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Standard Drained Triaxial Test on
    Sand

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Oedometer Test on Sand

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Oedometer Test on Sand

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Oedometer Test on Sand

    Hooke: 1  2
    E (1  2 ) Eoed  Eoed (  13 )
    1  3

    Loose: E 2 y
    ref
     150  ref 
    p 3 p

    Dense: E 2 y
    ref
     500  ref
    p 3 p
    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
    Oedometer Test on Sand
     'x
     'y   2 'x
    K0

    E 2 x x
    Loose:  150  2  150
    p ref 3 p ref p ref
    
    Dense: E 2 x x
    ref
     500  2 ref
     500 ref
    p 3 p p

    This implies: E  E 50
    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
    Summary on Stiffness Parameters:
    Sand
    (Laboratory based experience)
    2
    E  E 50  E oed   13
    3

    E  '  'x
    Loose:  150 x
     'x Loose: E  15MPa
    p ref p ref
    EE ref p ref
    p ref

    Dense: E
     500
     '
    x
     Dense: E  50MPa  'x
    p ref
    p ref p ref

    pref 100kPa times stiffer.  small


    Unloading: About 4 
     Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
    Selection of Moduli for FEM-Computation
    Example 1 (loading):

    Layer 1 (extremely loose sand ref


    E 50 15MPa
    Mohr-Coulomb model:

    Layer 1:  y0  70kPa   'y  50kPa


    /

    Average  'y  95kPa  'x  50kPa


     
    E 50 15000 0.5 10000kPa
    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
    Selection of Moduli for FEM-Computation
    Example 2 (unloading):

    Layer 1 (dense):
    ref
    E 50  45MPa Layer 3 (medium):
    ref
    E 50  30MPa
    Unloading: Eurref  4E50
    ref
    ,  0.15 for both layers

    
    Mohr-Coulomb model:
    
    Layer 1:   2 1.5  55kPa
    '
    y
    '
     'x  27.5kPa
    E  4  45000 27.5
    100
     95000kPa
    Layer 3:  'x 10kPa E  4  30000 0.10  38000kPa
    
    Computational Geotechnics  Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
    Eoed from Cone Penetration Test in
    Sands
    Cone Resistance: qc

    Correlation: E oed  qc

     NC-Sand:  = 1 to 3
    Literature

    
    Vermeer’s Experience:  = 3

    Alternatively: Eoed  (30  10) qc p ref

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Undrained Triaxial Test on
    Clay

    15000Cu
    Normally consolidated clay: E u50 
    Ip%

    Cu = undrained shear strength (or Su) E u50  3G50


    Computational Geotechnics
     Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
    Idealized and real stress-strain
    behavior of soils

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Idealized and real stress-strain
    behavior of soils

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Plate Loading Tests

    Duncan & Buchignani (1976)


    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters
    Plate Loading Tests

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Summary on Stiffness Parameters:
    Undrained Conditions Clay

    Do not use empirical relationships only. Get good quality experimental data from lab tests, cone
    penetration tests and vane tests

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Drained Behavior for Clays

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters


    Drained Behavior for Clays

    Computational Geotechnics Determination of Soil Stiffness Parameters

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