International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Emerging Technology (IJAEET), Vol. 7, No.

4, April 2015 220

Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate Replacement

in Concrete: Effect on Compressive Strength

Brajesh Kumar Suman, Amit Kumar Singh and Vikas Srivastava

Abstract--- In present days natural sand of good quality are becoming scarcer and costlier due to non-
accessibility of river during entire year, illegal dredging, rapid growth of construction activities etc. So it is
necessary to search an alternative material to use as natural sand in construction activities. Stone dust is such an
alternative material which can be effectively being used in construction as partial replacement of natural sand.
Hence present study taken a view to verify the suitability and potential use of stone dust in concrete mix as fine
aggregate. To accomplish this an experimental programme was planned for cast specimen cubes at an interval of 10
percent replacement of fine aggregate with stone dust in concrete. Results shows natural sand can be effectively
replace with stone dust and maximum strength attains at 60 percent replacement of natural sand with stone dust
based on compressive strength.

Keywords--- Coarse Aggregate, Compressive Strength, Fine Aggregate, Stone Dust Replacement

I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is commonly used construction material due to its ease of availability, mouldability, rigidity and
durability. It generally consists of binding material, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and required quantity of water,
where sand is normally used as fine aggregate. Due to rapid growth of construction activity, the available sources of
natural sand are getting exhausted. Hence conservation of natural resources is great challenge for civil engineers
since construction activities cannot be diminished as it is intimate able. The only way is to search an alternatives
material which can fully or partially replaced naturally available material in construction. Stone dust is such an
alternative material which can be effectively being used in construction as partial replacement of natural sand. This
is a waste product obtained from aggregate crushing plant. Stone dust is well appropriate in terms of strength and
economy over normal sand for medium grade concrete (Mahzuz et al 2011)[1]. 40 percent fine aggregate can be
effectively replaced with stone dust (Franklin et al 2014)[2]. The compressive strength of concrete mix had
increased by 22% with the use of crusher dust at 40% replacement of natural sand (Pofale et al 2013)[3].The present
study aimed to utilizing stone dust as fine aggregate in concrete in place of natural fine aggregate. For that an
experimental programme was carried out to study the suitability and potential use of stone dust as partial
replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. To accomplish this concrete cubes were cast for different replacement
level at an interval of 10 percent to determine compressive strength of concrete at different level of fine aggregate
with stone dust. The study shows that compressive strength of concrete made using stone dust as fine aggregate
replacement having greater value in comparison of conventional concrete.

Brajesh Kumar Suman, Department of Civil Engineering, SHIATS, Allahabad, India. E-mail:bs270790@gmail.com
Amit Kumar Singh, Department of Civil Engineering, SHIATS, Allahabad, India. E-mail:amitsingh15290@gmail.com
Vikas Srivastava, Department of Civil Engineering, SHIATS, Allahabad, India. E-mail:vikas.srivastava@shiats.edu.in

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International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Emerging Technology (IJAEET), Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2015 221

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Cement

Portland Pozzolana Cement (fly ash based) brand name Birla Gold confirming to IS 1489 (Part 1) –1991[4]
single batched used in this investigation. The properties are shown in table 1.

Table 1: Properties of Cement

Standard Consistency 31%
Initial Setting Time 240 minutes
Final Setting Time 315 minutes
7 days Compressive Strength 33 N/mm2
28 days Compressive Strength 44 N/mm2
Specific Gravity 2.72

B. Fine Aggregate

River sand available in Allahabad confirming to IS 383-1997[5], zone II used in this study. It was completely
passed by 4.75 mm sieve. Fineness modulus and specific gravity of this material was 2.76 and 2.3 respectively.

C. Coarse Aggregate

Locally available coarse aggregate having two fraction 20mm and 10mm sizes individually sieved was used in
the present study. One fraction was passed through 20 mm sieve and another through 10 mm sieve. The specific
gravity of coarse aggregate was 2.66 for both fractions. Fineness modulus was 6.9 for 10 mm aggregate and 7.7 for
20 mm aggregate. For concrete mix a proportion of 40:60 of coarse aggregate was used where 40% 10 mm
aggregate and 60% 20 mm aggregate.

D. Stone Dust

Grey colour stone dust was collected from local stone crushing units of Bharatpur, Rewa road, Uttar Pradesh. It
was initially dry in condition and thoroughly retained on IS 150 μ sieve before preparation of mix. The stone dust
also confirmed zone II of IS 383-1997[5].Fineness modulus of stone dust was 2.85 and specific gravity was 2.4.

E. Super Plasticizer

KEM SUPLAST 101 S super plasticizer manufactured by Chembond Chemicals was to be used in the study. It
was synthetic super plasticizer based on sulphonated naphthalene and instantly dispersible in water having specific
gravity 1.2.

M25 grade of concrete is used as bench mark which was designed as per IS 10262 –2009[6] guidelines. The
proportion of materials was 1:1.54:3 with water cement ratio 0.42 and dose of super plasticizerwas 0.65% by weight
of cement. The coarse aggregate used in a combination of 40:60 individually sieved with IS sieve size 10 mm and 20
mm respectively. The particle size distribution of fine aggregate and stone dust was nearly same and confirm same
zone according to IS 383- 1997[5].Total 84 specimen of size 150 X 150 X 150 mm were casted for this
investigation. Initially 18 specimens cube of size 150 mm were casted for mix design calculation contained 380 kg

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International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Emerging Technology (IJAEET), Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2015 222

cement per cubic meter of concrete with varying water cement ratios. Then 66 specimen of same size casted for
replacement of fine aggregate with stone dust at different percentage. For a percent replacement 6 cubes were
casted, 3 for 7 days and 3 for 28 days. The cube was filled in two parts with manually mix mixture and vibrated on a
table vibrator. Workability of fresh concrete was measured by slump cone. Uniformity and accuracy was maintained
during mix preparation and test. After 24 hours of casting specimens were demoulded and put in water bath for
curing. The compressive strength of concrete for 7th days and 28th days were tested on analogue compression
testing machine confirm to IS 14858 – 2000[7] of capacity 2000kN. Figure 1 shows a tested specimen in
compression testing machine.

Figure 1: Compression Testing Machine

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The average compressive strength of concrete for 7th days and 28thdayswere tested as per IS 516 – 2004[8]
guidelines and results are tabulated in table 2 and its graphical representation on figure 2. It was observed that the
compressive strength of specimen at all replacement level of natural fine aggregate with stone dust was more than
designed value of conventional concrete which shows suitability of stone dust in concrete as partial or full
replacement of natural fine aggregate from compressive strength point of view. The 7 days compressive strength
variations within 34.3 percent and maximum strength attains on 30 percent replacement of fine aggregate with stone
dust. The 28 days strength gradually increased within variation of 9 percent up to 40 percent replacement level, at 50
percent replacement of natural fine aggregate in concrete the strength slightly (8 percent) decreases with respect to
30 – 40 percent replacement of fine aggregate. At 60 percent replacement of fine aggregate concrete attains
maximum value and then strength decreases or increases within variation of 8 percent. The variation in compressive
strength may be due to different water absorption capacity of stone dust and sand, different dose of super plasticizer
in mix, different angularity of particles etc. For attain good strength in this study the concrete with above 50%
replacement level of natural fine aggregate casted on 1 - 1.5% dose of super plasticizer. Finally it can be stated that
the stone dust is to be used in concrete with partially or fully replacement of fine aggregate.

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Table 2: Compressive Strength of Cubes with Different Percentage of Stone Dust

Concrete Cube Group % of Stone Dust in Concrete Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
7 days 28 days
B0 0 27.12 38.58
B1 10 26.40 38.80
B2 20 27.20 39.00
B3 30 31.80 41.50
B4 40 26.52 42.12
B5 50 27.56 38.68
B6 60 26.58 45.06
B7 70 28.08 42.22
B8 80 27.46 41.60
B9 90 26.84 44.28
B10 100 23.68 42.20

Compressive Strength of Concrete

50
Compressive Strength

40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% of Stone Dust

Compressive Strength Compressive Strength

Figure 2: Compressive Strength of Concrete Cubes with Varying Percentage of Stone Dust

IV. CONCLUSION
On the basis of above investigation it can be concluded that –

 Stone dust is to be used as fine aggregate replacement in concrete as partially or fully.

 Use of stone dust as fine aggregate in concrete is beneficial in different manners such as environmental
aspects, non-availability of good quality of fine aggregate, and strength criteria also.
 Compressive strength of cubes with stone dust as fine aggregate replacement attains maximum value on 60
percent replacement level of natural sand with stone dust.
 It to be used at that place where setting time is not much important because excess dose of super plasticizer
increase the setting time.

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