One Marks Questions & Answers: 4. Moving Charges and Magnetism
One Marks Questions & Answers: 4. Moving Charges and Magnetism
One Marks Questions & Answers: 4. Moving Charges and Magnetism
Note: 1. Magnetic force on the charge depends on ‘q’, ‘v’ and ‘B’
2.
Fmagnetic q v x B ; and is always perpendicular to the plane containing v and B .
Also, F=qvBsin n
2. Show that crossed electric and magnetic fields serves as velocity selector.
Suppose we consider a charged particle ‘q’ moving with velocity ‘v’ in presence of both electric
j
and magnetic fields, experiences a force given by F = FE + FB = (qE+qvB) (assuming =90o).
If E is perpendicular to B as shown in the diagram, then F=(qE-qvB) j
Suppose we adjust the values of E and B, such that qE=qvB, then E=vB
E
v
Or B.
This velocity is that chosen velocity under which the charged particle move undeflected
E
through the fields. The ratio B is called velocity selector.
E
Note: B is independent of ‘q’ and ‘m’ of the particle under motion.
5. Mention the expression for angular for deflection produced in Moving Coil Galvanometer?
NAB
I
k
2. Obtain the expression for radius of circular path traversed by a charge in a magnetic
field.
Assume that a charged particle ‘q’ is moving perpendicular to the uniform magnetic
field B, i.e =90. The perpendicular force F = qv x B acts as centripetal force, thus producing
a uniform circular motion for the particle in a plane pependicular to the field
mv2 mv
qvB qB
i.e r or r ; here m is the mass the particle, r is
the radius of the circular path traced
mv
r
qB
o Idlxr
dB
i.e 4 r3 or
4. Using ampere circuital law, obtain an expression for magnetic field due to infinitely
long straight current carry wire.
Consider a infinitely long conductor carrying current. Let Ie be the current enclosed by
the loop and L be the length of the loop for which B is tangential, then the amperes circuital
law
1 1
The resistance of this arrangement is RG rs
RGrs
RG rs
Rr
If RG >> rs, then the resistance of the arrangement RG rs
Gs
This arrangement is calibrated to standard values of currents and hence we define, the
NAB
current sensitivity of the galvanometer as the deflection per unit current, i.e I k
7. Explain how do you convert moving coile galvanometer into voltmeter.
For this the galvanometer must be connected in parallel with a high resistance R. in
series
In the digarm there is a completely evacuated chamber and there are two metal semicircular
containers, D1 and D2 called ‘dees’, which are connected to a high frequency oscillator as
shown, which produces an alternating electric field ‘E’ at the gap between the dees. In the
diagram ‘dot’ represents the applied magnetic field ‘B’.
As soon as the positively charged ion or particle ‘P’ is injected into the dees, B brings the
particle into circular motion. As the particle enters the gap between the dees, the tuned ‘E’
accelerates the particle and the radius of the circular path increases, because of increased
kinetic energy.
T
It should be noted that P enters the gap between the dees at regular interval of 2 ; where T is
the period of revolution.
1 2m qB
i.e. T qB or c
2m 1) This frequency is called cyclotron frequency.
-----(
c
Let a is the frequency of the applied p.d across the dees through oscillator. If we adjust
a = c is called resonance condition. In this case, as the positive charge arrives at the edge of
D1, D2 is at lower potential and vice versa. As a result the particle gets acceleration inside the
gap.
Each time the kinetic energy increases by qV; V is the p.d across the gap. As it is found to have
the radius approximately equal to that of dees, the deflecting plate throws the particle out
through the exit port.
= qB/m
v
But, velocity at the exit, v = R or R ; R is the radius at the exit.
v qB
qBR
R m ; i.e v m
q2B2R2
Squaring on both sides, we get v2
m2
1 2 q2B2R2
mv ;
This is the kinetic energy acquired by the positive charged particle or ion at the
2 m
exit of the cyclotron.
2. Derive an expression for magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop.
Consider a circular loop carrying a steady current I. The loop is placed in the y-z plane with its
centre at the origin O and has a radius R. The x-axis is the axis of the loop. We want to find the
magnetic field at P and is at a distance x from O.
Let us consider an element Idl on the loop and which produces a tiny magnetic field dB at P.
I dlxr Idlrsin o Idl sin
i.e dB 4 r 3 4
o o
r3 4 r2
o Idl
Since dl r, dB 4 r2
But r2 = x2 + R2,
o Idl
dB
4 x R2
2
The direction of dB is as shown, and it has x-component dBx and y-component dB.
But dB =dBsin = 0 [since, each dB due to diagonally opposite Idl vanish).
The summation of elements dl over the loop yields 2πR, the circumference of the loop.
o IR oIR2
Thus, B 4 3
x2R B 3
x 2
R2 2 2 x2 R2 2
oIR2
Note: (i) In vector form, B 3
i ; i is the unit vector along x-axis
2x R
2
2 2
oNIR2
(ii) For multiple loops(i.e of N turns) B 3
2 x2 R2 2
The direction of the magnetic field due to closed wire loop carrying current is given by right
thumb rule.
Curl the palm of your right hand around the circular wire with the fingers pointing in the
direction of the current. The right-hand thumb gives the direction of the magnetic field.
3. Obtain the expression for the force per unit length of two parallel conductors carrying
current and hence define one ampere.
Shows two long parallel conductors a and b separated by a distance ‘d’ and carrying (parallel)
currents Ia and Ib, respectively. The conductor ‘a’ produces, the same magnetic field Ba at all
points along the conductor ‘b’.
oIa
According to Ampere’s circuital law, Ba 2d
The conductor ‘b’ carrying a current Ib will experience a sideways force due to the field Ba . The
direction of this force is towards the conductor ‘a’, Fba the force on a segment Lof ‘b’ due to ‘a’.
I
Fba IbL o a
i.e 2d
oIaIbL
Fba
2d
Similarly, if Fab is the force on ‘a’ due to ‘b’, then Fba = – Fab.
oIaIb
fba
Let fba represent the magnitude of the force Fba per unit length. Then 2d
DEFINITION OF AMPERE
The ampere is the value of that steady current which, when maintained in each of the two
very long, straight, parallel conductors of negligible cross-section, and placed one metre apart
in vacuum, would produce on each of these conductors a force equal to 2 × 10-7 newtons per
metre of length.
The direction of this magnetic moment is into the plane of the paper.
evr
l
We know angular momentum, 2
Vectorially,
e
l l
2me ; here the negative sign indicates that l and l are in opposite directions.
e h
Further, l 2m and l =n 2 ; here n=1,2,3… called principal quantum number and h is
l
Planck’s constant.
l min e eh
l
Since is minimum when n=1, we write, h or l min
2me 4 me
2
And on substituting all the values, we get l min =9.27x10-24Am2 and is called Bohr magneton.
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