26/3/2019 Project Apollo, NASA Moon Landing Program: QuickSciTech

Project Apollo ( Apollo Program, Moon Landing, Lunar Landing, Lunar Module, Lunar Orbit Rendezvous...) scitech.quickfound.net
Apollo YouTube Playlists: Apollo Spacecraft Development Tests • Project Apollo Missions • Apollo Short Summaries • Saturn I & IB • Saturn V • Shuttle
Project Apollo, the American space Apollo Videos, YouTube Videos & Live Streaming Video ▼ LOAD LIVE TV Key Apollo Documents Online
program to land men on the moon, originated NASA | ISS | Earth Russia Air Radar The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology,
in 1960. On July 28-29, 1960, the Apollo SP-4009 (1975), dates every step in the
program was announced to US industry design, development, construction, and use
representatives. On September 1, The Apollo of the Apollo lunar spacecraft, from ideas in
1923 to the final flight in 1974.
Project Office was formed under the Space
Task Group (STG) Flight Systems Division. In Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned
late October, Convair, GE and Martin were Lunar Spacecraft, SP-4205 (1979), covers
selected to prepare feasibility studies for the the development of the Apollo Command,
Apollo spacecraft. Service, and Lunar Modules from 1957 to
July, 1969. .pdf version
Numerous committees were formed within
Key Apollo Source Documents 11 .pdfs
the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration to develop lunar mission Apollo By The Numbers: A Statistical
concepts. On February 7, 1961, the final Reference SP-4029 (2001)
report of the Low Committee (Manned Lunar
Landing Task Group) outlined "A Plan for Where No Man Has Gone Before: ...Apollo
Manned Lunar Landing" within the decade Lunar Exploration SP-4214 (1989) .pdf
using either Earth Orbit Rendezvous (EOR) or version
direct ascent technique.
"Before This Decade is Out...": Personal
Reflections on the Apollo Program SP-
On May 5, STG completed the first draft of 4223 (1999)
Apollo spacecraft specifications, and on May
22, the 2nd draft was completed. On May 25, Enchanted Rendezvous: John C. Houbolt
President Kennedy proposed a manned lunar and the Genesis of the Lunar Orbit
Project Apollo Long HQ NASA Videos Project Apollo documents, videos, etc.
landing within the decade to Congress. On Rendezvous Concept, M'graph 4 (1995)
June 10, the Lundin Committee recommended SELECT CATEGORY: SELECT VIDEO or PLAYLIST to PLAY ABOVE:
Project Apollo: The Tough Decisions,
the Earth Orbit Rendezvous method using the Quickfound.net's Vimeo channel features documentary, educational & training Monograph 37, SP-4537 (2005), 174-page, 2
conceptual Saturn C-3 (S-IB-2 4x F-1; S-II-C3 films which have been improved with both audio and video noise reduction.
MB .pdf
2x J-2; S-IV 6x RL-10) launch vehicle to Apollo Lunar Surface Journal • USGS: Apollo Mission Traverse Maps
accomplish the manned lunar landing mission. JSC Apollo Program Summary Report,
NASA: Apollo • Encyclopedia Astronautica: Apollo • Wikipedia: Apollo JSC-09423 (1975) 10 .pdfs 4-6 MB each
In August, the Heaton Committee (Ad Hoc LPI: Apollo Image Atlas • Apollo Over the Moon: A View from Orbit
ApolloSaturn.com • NASM: Apollo Program • Project Apollo Archive Apollo Expeditions... SP-350 (1975)
Task Group for Study of Manned Lunar
Landing by Rendezvous Techniques) What Made Apollo a Success? SP-287 (1970)
recommended Earth Orbit Rendezvous using
the conceptual Saturn C-4 (S-IB-4 4x F-1; S- An Annotated Bibliography of the Apollo
II-4 4x J-2; S-IVB 1x J-2) for the manned lunar Program Monograph 2 (1994)
landing.
On November 1, 1961, the Space Task Group was renamed as the Manned Spacecraft Center. On See also: ISS | Intl Progs & LVs | Mars | Planets
November 28, North American Aviation was selected as principal contractor for the Apollo spacecraft under Space Shuttle | STS-107 Columbia | Orion, Ares & Altair
MSC direction. In December, the configuration of the Saturn C-5 (Saturn-V) lanuch vehicle was determined. NASA Subdomain Search & Links | Aviation
Boeing had been chosen as prime contractor for the first stage, and Douglas Aircraft as prime contractor for
the third stage. NASA CTRS: HQ - Johnson - Kennedy - JPL - Goddard
The prime contractor for the 2nd stage was not announced until November 7, 1962: North Amerian Marshall - Dryden - Glenn - Ames - Langley - Stennis
Aviation (NAA). This choice was surprising, because NAA had already received the Apollo Command & MISSIONS: NASA - ESA - JAXA
Service Module contract, and because the Rocketdyne division of NAA was prime contractor for the F-1 MISSIONS: NASA - ESA - JAXA
and J-2 engines which would power all three stages of the Saturn V launch vehicle.
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER:
America's first manned orbital flight was accomplished by John Glenn in the Mercury spacecraft KSC Countdown Online - KSC Video Feeds
Friendship 7 on February 20, 1962. In March, the Apollo Spacecraft Project Office was relocated to the NASA TV LIVE - ISS TV
Manned Spacecraft Center near Houston, Texas, and on July 20, NASA announced that the Mission POSTION TRACKING: ISS - ESA
Control Center for Apollo would be located at the Manned Spacecraft Center.
LAUNCH SCHEDULES:
KSC - SpaceflightNow - Space Launch Report
On July 11, 1962 NASA announced that the Lunar Orbit Rendezvous mode would be used the
manned lunar landing mission, and that the Saturn C-IB (Saturn IB) launch vehicle would be developed SPACE & ASTRONOMY:
to test the Apollo spacecraft in Earth orbit missions. JPL Space Calendar
KSC LAUNCH WEATHER: Launch Weather
The Lunar Orbit Rendezvous mode for lunar landing missions had been first suggested within NASA and
the US aerospace industry in 1960. At Langley Research Center early that year, Bill Michael, a member of
Tweets about Project Apollo @Twitter
the Center's Lunar Exploration Working Group, wrote an unpublished paper entitled Weight Advantages of
Use of Parking Orbit for Lunar Soft Landing Mission. Later on the same morning that Michael presented his
calculations to his supervisor, an industry group from Vought Astronautics briefed Langley personnel on
their own internal Manned Lunar Landing and Return (MALLAR) study.

The Vought group, led by Thomas E. Dolan, explained the benefits of a "modular" spacecraft approach with a separate Lunar Landing Module—which required Lunar
Orbit Rendezvous. With the concept in mind, Langley's John D. "Jaybird" Bird began designing lunar "bugs" or "schooners" that would land on the moon after
descending from a "mother ship."

Dr. John C. Houbolt, assistant chief of the Dynamic Loads Division at Langley Research Center, was the leading expert on rendezvous in space. In early 1960,
Houbolt realized the advantages of Lunar Orbit Rendezvous, and thereafter became its principle advocate.

But convincing others at NASA that LOR was the best way to go would take almost two and a half years. To begin with, most engineers felt that any scheme involving
rendezvous was too complicated and risky; therefore they preferred "direct ascent" plans which would required at least a Saturn C-8 (with a 12 million pounds thrust 1st
stage, 8 F-1 engines) or an even larger "Nova" class launch vehicle.

After President Kennedy made his "before this decade is out" speech, it gradually became obvious that the enormous rocket required to accomplish a direct ascent
mission could not possibly be available in time. So the majority of engineers changed their preference to an Earth Orbit Rendezvous (EOR) plan. This would have used
two or more launch vehicles (probably Saturn Vs). One would launch the spacecraft, and the other carry fuel which would be transferred to the craft in Earth orbit. Or the
spacecraft and fuel might be launched in segments which would be joined together in Earth orbit.

Both direct ascent and EOR presented difficulties in spacecraft design:

1. For one vehicle to make the trip, land on the moon, return to Earth, and a portion of it reenter the Earth's atmosphere would have required a far larger spacecraft
than the eventual Apollo CSM and LM combined. The fuel for the return to Earth, and the reentry capsule, would have to be carried to the lunar surface and back up to
orbit. This much larger, heavier spacecraft would be far more difficult to land on the moon than a smaller, lighter one would be.

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2. The shape of such a dual-purpose craft was troublesome. Pilots need to see where they are going. How could a single craft be designed which would allow the
pilots to look down at the lunar surface, while allowing them to recline facing upward during ascent to Earth orbit and, later, while reentering the Earth's atmosphere?
Solutions were suggested, but none were satisfactory.
Enchanted Rendezvous: John C. Houbolt and... Lunar Orbit Rendezvous..., Monograph 4 (1995)

For these reasons, by late 1961, engineers at the Manned Spacecraft Center had begun to support Lunar Orbit Rendezvous. And by the spring of 1962 some key
officials at NASA Headquarters in Washington were also sold on LOR. However, unanimity was desired, and the Saturn launch vehicle design engineers at the Marshall
Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama, led by Wernher von Braun, still preferred Earth Orbit Rendezvous.

In mid May, Joseph F. Shea, Deputy Director of the Office of Manned Space Flight, informed Von Braun that it was likely that LOR was going to be selected. This
would likely result in less work for Von Braun's Marshall Space Flight Center, but, according to Shea, Von Braun was assured that efforts would be made to give MSFC
more work. The turning point came on June 7, 1962, when, after 6 hours of MSFC engineers presenting their case for EOR to Shea, Von Braun surprised his own
"rocket team" by declaring that they now preferred Lunar Orbit Rendezvous.

Von Braun said:

"...It is absolutely mandatory that we arrive at a definite mode decision within the next few weeks, preferably by the first of July, 1962... If we do not make a clear-cut
decision on the mode very soon, our chances of accomplishing the first lunar landing expedition in this decade will fade away rapidly...

"We believe [Lunar Orbit Rendezvous] offers the highest confidence factor of successful accomplishment within this decade... We agree with the Manned Spacecraft
Center that the designs of a maneuverable hyperbolic re-entry vehicle and of a lunar landing vehicle constitute the two most critical tasks in producing a successful
lunar spacecraft. A drastic separation of these two functions is bound to greatly simplify the development of the spacecraft system."
Remarks by Wernher von Braun about Mode Selection for the Lunar Landing Program, 7 June 1962

Project Apollo Spaceflights table adapted from Wikipedia and substantially improved

Flight Launch Vehicle Crew Dates Mission Results

& Spacecraft

AS-201 Saturn IB AS-201 Unmanned Launch Suborbital CSM flight First test of Saturn IB and Block I Apollo Command and
NASA documents: 1966 02 26 Service Modules; demonstrated heat shield; propellant
Wikipedia Aeroelastic Character. NASA documents: pressure loss caused premature SM engine shutdown
RF & Telemetry Systems AS-201 Mission Directive 1965
Flight Safety Plan AS-201 Mission Directive 1964 NASA documents:
Postflight Trajectory AS-201 Automated Control System AS-201 Postlaunch Report 443 page, 471 MB .pdf
NTRS search: AS-201 - SA-201 - CSM-009
CSM-009
NASA documents:
Weight & Balance
Propulsion Performance

AS-203 Saturn IB AS-203 Unmanned Launch Test liquid hydrogen behavior in Earth No Apollo spacecraft carried; successfully verified
NASA documents: 1966 07 05 orbit restartable S-IVB stage design for Saturn V. Additional
Wikipedia S-IVB Test Plan testing designed to rupture the tank inadvertently
Aeroelastic Character. NASA documents: destroyed the stage.
Operational Trajectory AS-203 Cryo Tank Modeling
Postflight Trajectory AS-203 Control System Info NASA documents:
AS-203 Low Gravity LH2 Orbital Experiment
(no spacecraft)
NASA videos at YouTube:
Aerial View of AS-203 Launch

AS-202 Saturn IB AS-202 Unmanned Launch Suborbital CSM flight Longer duration to Pacific Ocean splashdown; CM heat
NASA documents: 1966 08 25 shield tested to higher speed; successful SM firings
Wikipedia Operational Trajectory NASA documents:
Postflight Trajectory AS-202 Mission Directive NASA documents:
MIT G&N System Data AS-202 Postlaunch Report 574 pages, 21 MB
CSM-011 MPAD Reentry G&N Equations NTRS search: AS-202 - CSM-011
NASA documents:
Weight & Balance
Propulsion Performance
Reentry Aerodynamics

Apollo 1 Saturn IB AS-204 CMD Grissom Block I CSM Earth orbital flight (up to Cabin fire broke out in pure oxygen atmosphere during
CMP White 14 days) launch rehearsal test on 27 January 1967, killing all
Wikipedia CSM-012 LMP Chaffee three crewmen and destroying the CM before planned
NASA documents: February 21 launch.
Readiness Review
Delta CDR NASA documents:
Requests for Changes photo of CSM-012 interior after fire

Apollo 4 Saturn V AS-501 Unmanned Launch First flight of Saturn V launch vehicle, Successfully demonstrated S-IVB third stage restart
NASA documents: 1967 11 09 and first orbital CSM flight and tested CM heat shield at lunar re-entry speeds
Wikipedia AS-501 Flight Report
Postflight Trajectory NASA documents:
J-2 Engine Performance Apollo 4 Mission Report - Sup 7
Analysis of AS-501 Earth Photography
CSM-017 NTRS search: Apollo 4 - AS-501
NASA documents:
Readiness Review NASA videos at YouTube:
Entry Aerodynamics AS-501 Pre-Launch Activity: part 1 - part 2
Apollo 4 Mission Video: part 1 - part 2

Apollo 5 Saturn IB AS-204 Unmanned Launch First Lunar Module flight in Earth orbit Successfully fired descent engine and ascent engine;
NASA documents: 1968 01 22 demonstrated "fire-in-the-hole" landing abort test. Used
Wikipedia Results of AS-204 NASA documents: the Saturn IB originally slated for Apollo 1.
MPAD Apollo 5 Mission Rules Verif.
LM-1 NASA documents:
NASA documents: Apollo 5 Mission Report - Sup 2 - Sup 3 - Sup 4
LM DPS Analysis Apollo 5 MPAD Postflight Trajectory Analysis
Apollo 5 Final Flight Evaluation
NTRS search: Apollo 5 - AS-204

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NASA videos at YouTube:

Apollo 5 Mission Video: part 1 - part 2

Apollo 6 Saturn V AS-502 Unmanned Launch CSM test: trans-lunar injection with Severe "pogo" vibrations caused two second-stage
NASA documents: 1968 04 04 direct abort to high-speed re-entry engines to shut down prematurely, and third stage
Wikipedia AS-502 Flight Report restart to fail. SM engine used to achieved high-speed
Postflight Trajectory NASA documents: re-entry, though less than Apollo 4. NASA identified
J-2 Engine S-II - S-IVB MPAD Flight Rules Verification vibration fixes and declared Saturn V man-rated.

CM-020 NASA documents:

NASA documents: Analysis of AS-501 Earth Photography
Consumables Analysis NTRS search: AS-502 - Apollo 6 - CSM-020

SM-014 NASA videos at YouTube:

Apollo 6: S-II-502 First Static Test - S-IC Preparation

Apollo 7 Saturn IB AS-205 CMD Schirra Launch Block II CSM Earth orbital test Successful 11-day flight. First live television broadcast
NASA documents: CMP Eisele 1968 10 11 from a US space flight
NASA pages: Results of AS-205 LMP Cunningham NASA documents:
Apollo Flight Journal Apollo 7 Press Kit NASA documents:
CSM-101 Apollo 7 Flight Plan Apollo 7 Mission Report
Wikipedia NASA documents: Apollo 7 Crew Training Summary NTRS search: AS-205 - Apollo 7 - CSM-101
CSM-101 Systems Apollo 7 Rendezvous Procedures
NASA pages:
Apollo 7 Voice Transcripts

NASA videos at YouTube:

Mission Video: Flight of Apollo 7

Apollo 8 Saturn V AS-503 CMD Borman Launch Lunar orbit (CSM only) First manned lunar flight, improvised because LM was
NASA documents: CMP Lovell 1968 12 21 not ready for first manned orbital test. Ten lunar orbits
NASA pages: AS-503 Flight Manual LMP Anders NASA documents: in twenty hours; first humans to see lunar far side and
Apollo Flight Journal AS-503 Flight Report Apollo 8 News Briefing 1968 11 12 Earthrise with own eyes; Live television pictures
Apollo 8 Press Kit broadcast to Earth
Wikipedia CSM-103 Apollo 8 Crew Training Summary
Apollo 8 Mission Rules NASA documents:
Good engineering data on Apollo 8 Flight Plan: 1&2 - 3-5 Apollo 8 Mission Report - S-1 - S-2 - S-4
the entire vehicle: "Apollo 8: Man Around the Moon"
Apollo/Saturn V Apollo 8 Technical Crew Debriefing: V-1 - V-2
Space Vehicle Apollo 8 Flight Evaluation
Selected Structural Element NTRS search: AS-503 - Apollo 8 - CSM-103
Review Report
NASA pages:
Apollo 8 Voice Transcripts

NASA videos at YouTube:

Mission Video: Debrief: Apollo 8 part 1 - part 2

Apollo 9 Saturn V AS-504 CMD McDivitt Launch Earth orbit CSM / LM test Ten days in Earth orbit, demonstrated LM propulsion,
CMP Scott 1969 03 03 rendezvous and docking with CSM. EVA tested lunar
NASA documents: CSM-104 Gumdrop LMP Schweickart NASA documents: Portable Life Support System (PLSS).
Apollo Flight Journal NASA documents: Apollo 9 Crew Training Summary
CSM-104 Systems Apollo 9 Mission Rules NTRS search: AS-504 - Apollo 9 - CSM-104
Wikipedia Apollo 9 Flight Plan
LM-3 Spider NASA pages:
Apollo 9 Voice Transcripts

NASA videos at YouTube:

Apollo 9 Video: Three To Make Ready part 1 - part 2

Apollo 10 Saturn V AS-505 CMD Stafford Launch "Dress rehearsal" for lunar landing LM descended to 8.4 nautical miles (15.6 km) without
NASA documents: CMP Young 1969 05 18 landing
NASA pages: Tech Info Summary LMP Cernan NASA documents:
Apollo Flight Journal AS-505 Flight Report Apollo 10 Press Kit NASA documents:
Postflight Trajectory Apollo 10 Preflight Managers Info Apollo 10 Postflight Mgrs Summary
Wikipedia S-4B-505N Report Apollo 10 Crew Training Summary Apollo 10 Technical Crew Debriefing
Apollo 10 Mission Rules Apollo 10 Mission Report - S-2 - S-7 - S-11
CSM-106 Charlie Brown Apollo 10 Color TV NTRS search: AS-505 - Apollo 10 - CSM-106

LM-4 Snoopy NASA pages:

NASA documents: Apollo 10 Voice Transcripts
Consumables Analysis
NASA videos at YouTube:
Apollo 10 Video:
To Sort Out the Unknowns part 1 - part 2

Apollo 11 Saturn V AS-506 CMD Armstrong Launch First lunar landing Single EVA in direct vicinity of LM. Navigation errors
NASA documents: CMP Collins 1969 07 16 site: Sea of Tranquility and computer alarms overcome
NASA pages: AS-506 Flight Report LMP Aldrin
Lunar Surface Journal Postflight Trajectory NASA documents: NASA documents:
Apollo Flight Journal Apollo 11 Press Kit pt 1 - pt 2 Apollo 11 Postflight Managers Summary
CSM-107 Columbia Preflight Managers Info pt 1 - pt 2 Apollo 11 Technical Crew Debriefing: V-1 - V-2
Wikipedia Apollo 11 Flight Plan Apollo 11 Sample Catalog
LM-5 Eagle Apollo 11 Crew Training Summary Apollo 11 Preliminary Science Report
NASA documents: Apollo 11 Mission Rules Apollo 11 Mission Report - S-5 - S-10
LM-5 Structures Annotated Crew Training Summary Apollo 11 Entry Postflight Analysis
LM-5 Factory Test Plan Apollo 11 Mission Rules NTRS search: AS-506 - Apollo 11 - CSM-107
LM-5 Construction Log Lunar Surface Procedures
Apollo 11 EASEP Background NASA pages:
Westinghouse Lunar Camera Apollo 11 Voice Transcripts
Apollo 11 CM/LM Stowage List

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NASA videos at YouTube:
Apollo 11 Video:
For All Mankind part 1 - part 2 - part 3

Apollo 12 Saturn V AS-507 CMD Conrad Launch Precision lunar landing Successful landing near Surveyor 3 probe; two EVAs;
NASA documents: CMP Gordon 1969 11 14 site: Ocean of Storms returned Surveyor parts to Earth; first controlled LM
NASA pages: AS-507 Flight Manual LMP Bean ascent stage impact after jettison; first use of
Lunar Surface Journal Launch Checklist NASA documents: deployable S-band antenna; two lightning strikes after
Apollo Flight Journal Preflight Trajectory Apollo 12 Press Kit liftoff with brief loss of fuel cells and telemetry; lunar TV
AS-507 Flight Report Apollo 12 Flight Plan camera damaged by accidental exposure to sun.
Wikipedia Postflight Trajectory Preflight Managers Info pt 1 - pt 2
Abort/Malfunction Apollo 12 Crew Training Summary NASA documents:
Analysis Apollo 12 Mission Rules Apollo 12 Mission Report S-2 - S-4 - S-5
Lightning Incident Apollo 12 CMP Solo Book Apollo 12 Postflight Managers Summary
Apollo 12 CSM Rescue Book Apollo 12 Technical Crew Debriefing
CSM-108 Yankee Clipper Apollo 12 LM Timeline Book Apollo 12 Lunar Sample Catalog
NASA documents: Apollo 12 LM Data Card Book Apollo 12 Lunar Sample Info
CSM-108 SPS Evaluation Apollo 12 LM G&N Dictionary Properties of Lunar Samples
LM Rendezvous Abort Book Apollo 12 Magnetometer
LM-6 Intrepid Lunar Surface Checklist Apollo 12 Bio Containment
Commander Cuff Checklist Surveyor 3 TV Cable - Scoop - Analysis - Effects
NASA documents:
Lunar Landmark Maps Apollo 12 Preliminary Science Report
LM-6 Factory Test Plan
Apollo 12 CM/LM Stowage List NTRS search: AS-507 - Apollo 12 - CSM-108

NASA pages:
Apollo 12 Voice Transcripts

NASA videos at YouTube:

Apollo 12 Video: Pinpoint for Science part 1 - part 2

Apollo 13 Saturn V AS-508 CMD Lovell Launch Lunar landing (aborted) Landing aborted after SM oxygen tank explosion on
NASA documents: CMP Swigert 1970 04 11 outward leg; LM used as crew "lifeboat" for safe return.
NASA pages: AS-508 Flight Report LMP Haise NASA documents: First S-IVB stage impact on Moon as active seismic
Lunar Surface Journal Apollo 13 Press Kit test.
CSM-109 Odyssey Apollo 13 Crew Training Summary
Wikipedia Apollo 13 Mission Rules NASA documents:
LM-7 Aquarius Apollo 13 CM/LM Stowage List Apollo 13 Crew Technical Debriefing
Apollo 13 ALSEP (readable) Apollo 13 Misson Report
Apollo 13 ALSEP (searchable) Apollo 13 Mission Operations Report
Apollo 13 TV NTRS search: AS-508 - Apollo 13 - CSM-109

NASA pages:
Apollo 13 Voice Transcripts

NASA videos at YouTube:

Apollo 13 Videos:
Houston, We've Got a Problem part 1 - part 2
This is Mission Control part 1 - part 2

Apollo 14 Saturn V AS-509 CMD Shepard Launch Lunar landing Successful landing at site intended for Apollo 13;
NASA documents: CMP Roosa 1971 01 31 site: Fra Mauro mission overcame docking problems, faulty LM abort
NASA pages: AS-509 Flight Report LMP Mitchell switch and delayed landing radar acquisition; first color
Lunar Surface Journal Postflight Trajectory NASA documents: video images from the lunar surface; first materials
Apollo 14 Press Kit science experiments in space; two EVAs
Wikipedia CSM-110 Kitty Hawk Apollo 14 Crew Training Summary
Apollo 14 Mission Rules NASA documents:
LM-8 Antares Apollo 14 Lunar Surface Checklist Apollo 14 Mission Report
NASA documents: Apollo 14 Lunar Surface Procedures Apollo 14 Preliminary Science Report
LM Descent Modular Equip. Transporter Manual Apollo 14 Crew Technical Debriefing
DPS Performance Apollo 14 PLSS/OPS Report
Apollo 14 EMU Mission Log
Apollo 14 Lunar Sample Catalog
Apollo 14 GNC Performance
NTRS search: AS-509 - Apollo 14 - CSM-110

NASA pages:
Apollo 14 Voice Transcripts

NASA videos at YouTube:

Apollo 14 Video: Mission to Fra Mauro part 1 - part 2

Apollo 15 Saturn V AS-510 CMD Scott Launch Extended lunar landing First "J series" mission with 3-day lunar stay and
NASA documents: CMP Worden 1971 07 26 site: Hadley-Apennine extensive geology investigations; first use of lunar rover
NASA pages: AS-510 Flight Report LMP Irwin (17.25 miles (27.8 km) driven); 1 lunar "standup" EVA,
Lunar Surface Journal Insertion-Injection NASA documents: 3 lunar surface EVAs, plus deep space EVA on return
Apollo Flight Journal Postflight Trajectory Apollo 15 Press Kit to retrieve orbital camera film from SM.
Apollo 15 Flight Plan
Wikipedia CSM-112 Endeavour Apollo 15 Crew Training Summary NASA documents:
NASA documents: Apollo 15 Mission Rules Apollo 15 Mission Report
Launch Checklist MCC Operational Configuration Mission Operations Report - S-1 - S-2 - S-3 - S-4
Guidance Checklist Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Procedures Apollo 15 Technical Crew Debriefing
Systems Checklist Apollo 15 Systems Debriefing
CM Software "On the Moon With Apollo 15"
Entry Checklist Apollo 15 Preliminary Science Report
Apollo 15 Lunar Sample Catalog pt 1 - pt 2 - pt 3
LM-10 Falcon Landing Site Geology Transcript
Apollo 15 KREEP Volcanic Flows
NASA documents:
Apollo 15 Mare Basalt Fragment
LM-10+ Diagrams
Apollo 15 Coarse Fine Lunar Samples
Activation Checklist
Hadley Apennine Exploration Traverses
LM Descent
CEMERLL Laser Reflector Array
LM Cue Cards
Apollo 15 Time & Motion Study
LM Data Cards
Preliminary Orbital Science Results
Subsatellite Magnetometer Experiment
LRV-001 Apollo 15 Failure & Anomaly List
NASA documents: Main Parachute Failure
LRV Stowage Apollo 15 Loss of CM TV Picture
Systems Handbook NTRS search: AS-510 - Apollo 15 - CSM-112
Operations Handbook
Mobility Performance NASA pages:
Apollo 15 Voice Transcripts

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NASA videos at YouTube:
Apollo 15 Video:
In the Mountains of the Moon part 1 - part 2

Apollo 16 Saturn V AS-511 CMD Young Launch Extended lunar landing Only landing in lunar highlands; malfunction in a
NASA documents: CMP Mattingly 1972 04 16 site: Descartes Highlands backup CSM yaw gimbal servo loop delayed landing
NASA pages: AS-511 Flight Report LMP Duke and reduced stay in lunar orbit; no ascent stage deorbit
Lunar Surface Journal NASA documents: due to malfunction; 3 lunar EVAs plus deep space EVA
Apollo Flight Journal CSM-113 Casper Apollo 16 Press Kit
Apollo 16 Flight Plan Apollo 16 Mission Report
Wikipedia LM-11 Orion Apollo 16 Crew Training Summary Apollo 16 Preliminary Science Report
Apollo 16 Mission Rules Technical Crew Debriefing
NASA documents:
Apollo 16 LM/CM Stowage Apollo 16 Lunar Sample Catalog: pt 1 - pt 2 - pt 3
LM Timeline Book
Apollo 16 ALSEP Fam. Man. Apollo 16 Time and Motion Studies
LM Data Card Book
NTRS search: AS-511 - Apollo 16 - CSM-113
NASA pages: NASA pages:
Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Procedures NASA pages:
Surface Checklist
Apollo 16 Cuff Checklists Apollo 16 Voice Transcripts
"On the Moon With Apollo 16"
LRV-002 USGS: Apollo 16 Landing Site Geology
Apollo 16 Postflight Spacesuit Inspection

NASA videos at YouTube:

Apollo 16 Video: Nothing so Hidden part 1 - part 2

Apollo 17 Saturn V AS-512 CMD Cernan Launch Extended lunar landing Last Apollo lunar landing; most recent human flight
NASA documents: CMP Evans 1972 12 07 site: Taurus-Littrow beyond low Earth orbit (as of 2011); only lunar mission
NASA pages: AS-512 Flight Report LMP Schmitt with a scientist (geologist); 3 lunar EVAs plus deep
Lunar Surface Journal NASA documents: space EVA
CSM-114 America Apollo 17 Press Kit
Wikipedia Apollo 17 Flight Plan NASA documents:
LM-12 Challenger Apollo 17 Mission Requirements Apollo 17 Mission Report
NASA documents: Apollo 17 Lunar Surface Procedures Apollo 17 Technical Crew Debriefing
LM Data Card Book Apollo 17 Mission Rules Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report
Apollo 17 ALSEP Fam. Lunar Sample Catalog: pt 1 - pt 2 - pt 3 - pt 4
Apollo 17 Crew Training Summary NTRS search: AS-512 - Apollo 17 - CSM-114
LRV-003
NASA documents:
NASA pages: NASA pages:
Tech Info Summary
Systems Handbook Apollo 17 Lunar Surface Checklist Apollo 17 Voice Transcripts
Apollo 17 Surface Cuff Checklists USGS: Apollo 17 Landing Site Geology
Apollo 17 PLSS/OPS/BSLSS Briefing Apollo 17 Traverse Gravimeter Experiment (TGE)
Apollo 17 Image Library

NASA videos at YouTube:

Apollo 17 Video:
On the Shoulders of Giants part 1 - part 2

Apollo 18, 19 & 20 Saturn V None flew Cancelled Extended lunar landings Cancelled to free one Saturn V to launch Skylab and to
cut costs
Wikipedia

Project Apollo Boilerplate Tests NTRS search: Apollo boilerplate documents available online

Flight Launch Vehicle Site Date Mission Results

& Spacecraft

PA-1 Escape Tower (LES) White Sands 1963 11 07 (a) Determine aerodynamic stability (a) The Apollo escape configuration was stable
NASA documents: characteristics of the Apollo escape during the pad-abort flight... the vehicle stability was
Wikipedia LES Experience Report configuration during a pad abort. less than predicted during the powered phase of
(b) Demonstrate the capability of the flight.
BP-6 escape system to propel a command (b) The cormmand module at apogee exceeded the
NASA documents: module to a safe distance from a minimum altitude and range for a pad abort by
BP-6 Description Manual launch vehicle during a pad abort. approximately 970 feet & 1,529 feet.
(c) Demonstrate launch-escape timing (c) The launch-escape timing sequence was
sequence. demonstrated to be adequate for a pad-abort
(d) Demonstrate proper operation of mission.
the launch-escape tower release (d) The escape-tower released cleanly and at the
device. proper time with little effect on spacecraft motions.
(e) Demonstrate proper operation of (e) The pitch-control motor produced the predicted
the tower jettison and pitch-control initial spacecraft motions... The tower-jettison motor
motors. satisfactorily jettisoned the tower.
(f) Demonstrate earth-landing timing (f) The earth-landing timing sequence was
sequence and proper operation of the demonstrated to be adequate for a pad-abort
parachute subsystem of the earth- mission. The parachute subsystem performed as
landing system. required...

NASA documents:
Apollo PA-1 Postlaunch Report

PA-1 Photo Montage

A-001 Little Joe II White Sands 1964 05 Transonic Abort All 1st-order test objectives and two of the three 2nd-
13 (High Dynamic Pressure Abort) ordertest objectives were satisfied.
Wikipedia BP-12 Unsatisfied 2nd-order test objective:
NASA documents: Demonstrate proper operation of the applicable
BP-12 Description Manual components of the earth-landing subsystem.

During the deployment of the three main parachutes,

a parachute riser chafed against a simulated
reaction-control subsystem motor and drogue
disconnect guide assembly (horsecollar). The riser
subsequently broke after main parachute line stretch,
and the command module descended safely to the
ground on the two remaining main parachutes.

NASA documents:
Apollo A-001 Postlaunch Report 309 pages

A-101 Saturn I SA-6 KSC 1964 05 First flight of Saturn launch vehicle After launch, one of the eight first-stage H-1 engines
AS-101 28 with Apollo boilerplate spacecraft shut off 24 seconds early, but the remaining seven
SA-6 NASA documents: engines burned an additional two seconds to

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Postflight Trajectory NASA documents: compensate, and the guidance system corrected for
Wikipedia A-101 Mission Directive course deviations... Telemetry was obtained from
BP-13 SA-6 Telemetry System 106 measurements until end of battery life on the
NASA documents: fourth orbit. Eight movie cameras mounted on the
BP-13 Description Manual photo: Saturn I recorded propulsion and fuel operations,
Von Braun, Mueller & Rees at Launch were ejected, and recovered. The spacecraft re-
entered Earth's atmosphere on 1 June 1964 on its
54th orbit.

NASA documents:
Apollo A-101 Postlaunch Report 217 pages
Manned Space Flight Network Analysis
NTRS search: SA-6 - A-101

A-102 Saturn I SA-7 KSC 1964 09 To demonstrate the compatibility of All mission test objectives were fulfilled by the time of
AS-102 18 the spacecraft with the launch vehicle, orbital insertion, and additional data were obtained
SA-7 BP-15 to determine the launch and exit by telemetry through the Manned Space Flight
NASA documents: environmental parameters for design Network until the end of effective battery life during
Wikipedia BP-15 Description Manual verification, and to demonstrate the the fourth orbital pass. Radar skin tracking was
alternate mode of escape-tower continued by the network until the spacecraft
jettison, utilizing the launch-escape reentered over the Indian Ocean during its 59th
and pitch-control motors. orbital pass.

One of the boilerplate SM RCS quads carried

thermocouples to verify that system could withstand
launch aerodynamic heating, but data was discarded
because BP RCS unlike flight hardware and test
thermocouples not right for purpose. Tested again on
SA-8 & SA-10.
NASA documents:
Apollo A-102 Postlaunch Report 331 pages

A-002 Little Joe II White Sands 1964 12 Maximum Dynamic Pressure Abort To demonstrate capability of the launch escape
08 system in the maximum dynamic pressure region of
Wikipedia BP-23 the Saturn trajectory with conditions approximating
the altitude limit at which the Saturn emergency
detection system would signal an abort.

A-103 Saturn I SA-9 KSC 1965 02 The SA-9 mission was the first Saturn Apollo/Saturn Space Vehicle SA-9, fourth of six
AS-103 NASA documents: 16 with an operational payload, the Saturn I Block II vehicles, was launched at 0937 EST
SA-9 Postflight Trajectory meteoroid detection satellite Pegasus on February 16, 1965, from Pad 37B at Cape
A. Kennedy. All test objectives were successfully
Wikipedia BP-16 accomplished. The S-IV stage, IU, and the Apollo
NASA documents: spacecraft were injected into a near-earth orbit. The
Pegasus A payload, installed in the Service Module...
BP-16 Specification
functioned as a micrometeoroid measurement
system as planned.
Pegasus A
NASA documents:
SA-9 Firing Test Report
SA-9 Vehicle & Launch Comp. Functional Descrip.
v VIII H-1 Engine
v I RP-1 Fuel System - v II LOX System
v IX RL-10A3 Engine - v III LH2 System
NTRS search: SA-9

A-003 Little Joe II 12-51-2 White Sands 1965 05 plan: High altitiude abort actual: Low altitude abort
19
Wikipedia BP-22 (a) To demonstrate launch escape The purpose of Apollo Mission A-003 (BP-22) was to
vehicle performance at an altitude demonstrate the high-altitude abort capability of the
approximating the upper limit for the Apollo launch escape vehicle. However owing to
canard subsystem. breakup of the Little Joe II launch vehicle, abort
(b) To demonstrate orientation of the occurred earlier than planned. The launch escape
launch escape vehicle to a "main heat vehicle demonstrated its capability of escaping from
shield forward" attitude after abort. an unscheduled catastrophic launch vehicle breakup.

NASA documents: NASA documents:

A-003 Mission Directive Flight Test Report Boilerplate 22
NTRS search: A-003

A-104 Saturn I SA-8 KSC 1965 05 Micrometeoroid Experiment and SA-8 was the fifth flight test of the Saturn I, Block II
AS-104 25 Service Module RCS vehicle, which includes an active S-IV stage. This
SA-8 BP-26 was the second flight test with a micrometeoroid
NASA documents: experiment, Pegasus B. In addition, this was the
Wikipedia BP-26 Specification fourth flight test with the adaptive guidance in closed
loop during the S-IV powered phase.
Pegasus B
Boilerplate SM was fitted with a single RCS quad A
engine package (engine housing and four engines).
The internal components of the quad were not
installed. Twelve thermocouples were installed to
verify the capability of the engines to withstand
aerodynamic heating during launch.

NASA documents:
SA-8 Postflight Trajectory
SA-8 Flight Test Data Report
SA-8 to SA-10 Electrical Power and SysInt
NTRS search: SA-8

PA-2 escape tower only White Sands 1965 06 To demonstrate the capability of the The objectives of Apollo Mission PA-2, the second
29 launch escape tower, with a canard pad abort, were successfully accomplished with the
Wikipedia BP-23A subsystem and boost protective cover, unmanned test vehicle, Boilerplate 23A, equipped
NASA documents: to abort from the launch pad and with the Block I type launch escape subsystem
BP-23A Specification recover. {LES). The primary purpose of the mission was to
verify vehicle performance in a pad abort when the
NASA documents: vehicle configuration included Block I control weight,
PA-2 Mission Directive a canard subsystem, a boost protective cover, and
an apex-cover jettison subsystem. The Boilerplate
23A test vehicle, refurbished Boilerplate 23, was
successfully launched on schedule, without checkout
or countdown holds, from Launch Complex 36 at

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White Sands Missile Range with liftoff at
06.00:01.448 MST June 29, 1965.

Boilerplate 23-A Flight Test Report

A-105 Saturn I SA-10 KSC 1965 07 A successful flight- will insert the SA-10 was the sixth and last flight test of the Saturn
AS-105 30 spent S-IV stage and payload I, Block II vehicle which includes an active S-IV
SA-10 BP-9A consisting of an Apollo boilerplate stage. This was the third flight test with a Pegasus
(BP-9) and a Meteoroid Technology micrometeorold experiment. In addition, this was the
Wikipedia Pegasus C Satellite (Pegasus C) into a 535 km fifth flight test with guidance in closed loop during the
circular orbit. S-IV powered flight.

NASA documents: Boilerplate SM was fitted with a single RCS quad A

SA-10 Flight Mechanical Summary engine package (engine housing and four engines).
The internal components of the quad were not
installed. Twelve thermocouples were installed to
verify the capability of the engines to withstand
aerodynamic heating during launch.

NASA documents:
SA-10 Postflight Trajectory
SA-10
SA-10
NTRS search: SA-10

A-004 Little Joe II White Sands 1965 05 Power on tumbling boundary abort Apollo spacecraft 002 was of a modified Block I type
19 configuration...
Wikipedia CSM-002 This was the first completed mission of a two-stage
Little Joe II launch vehicle, and the first second-stage
application of Algol motors.
1st- and 2nd-stage ignition occurred as planned...
Command module-service module separation at
abort initiation was satisfactory although the main
heat shield suffered limited blast damage from the
pyrotechnic cutting of the tension ties...
The power-on tumbling boundary abort showed the
satisfactory performance of the launch-escape
vehicle and also the structural integrity of the launch-
escape vehicle airframe structure.

NASA documents:
A-004 Postlaunch Report

NTRS search: A-004

Apollo Experience Reports: Lessons Learned from Project Apollo NTRS search: Apollo Experience Reports (115)

Guidance and Control Systems - Unmanned Missions 1975 CSM Reaction Control System 1973 Lunar Module Landing Gear 1972

Guidance, Navigation & Control System 1976 CSM Environmental Control System 1973 Lunar Module Reaction Control System 1972

Launch Escape Propulsion Subsystem 1973 Crew Couches 1973 Lunar Module Electrical Power 1972

Spacecraft Structure Subsystem 1974 Thermal Protection for Launch 1973 Lunar Module Communications System 1972

Power Generation System 1972 Thermal Protection Subsystem 1974 Development of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit 1976

Cryogenic Storage System 1973 Protection Against Radiation 1973 The Effects of Lunar Dust on EVA Systems 2007

CSM Electrical Power Distribution 1974 Pressure Vessels 1972 Television System 1974

Electrical Wiring Subsystem 1974 Lunar Module Structural Subsystem 1973 Mission Planning for Apollo Entry 1972

CSM Instrumentation 1973 LM Environmental Control System 1972 Aerothermodynamics Evaluation 1972

CSM Controls & Displays 1976 Mission Planning for LM Descent & Ascent 1972 Voice Communications 1972

Battery Subsystem (CSM & LM) 1972 Descent Propulsion System 1973 Flight Anomaly Resolution 1975

Spacecraft Pyrotechnic Systems 1973 Ascent Propulsion System 1973 Postflight Testing of Command Modules 1973

Service Propulsion Subsystem 1973 LM Stabilization & Control System 1972

Early Apollo Concepts (Direct Ascent)

Martin Apollo Configurations - June 1961

Apollo General Dynamics Proposal 1961

Apollo Lunar Module NTRS search: Apollo LM documents online (84)

...The LEM LIFE Magazine March 14, 1969

The Moon Landing "Spider" by Wernher von Braun Popular Science May, 1969

LM-5 Structures is a 61-page .pdf with drawings and descriptions of the structures of the Lunar Module, specifically detailing the Eagle LM used in the Apollo 11 lunar
landing.

LMA790-1, Lunar Excursion Module Familiarization Manual

LMA790-2, Lunar Module LM-10 Through LM-14

Vehicle Familiarization Manual

LMA790-3-LM, Apollo Operations Handbook, Lunar Module:

Subsystems Data - Operational Procedures

Apollo Lunar Module Landing Gear 1972

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A study of lunar module navigation systems accuracies for powered decent, ascent, and aborts. Project Apoll

Lunar module 7, 8, and 9 elementary functional diagrams

Lunar module 10 and sub elementary functional diagrams

Simulator study of pilot control over the lunar module during ascent from the lunar surface by using visual guidance cues 1968

Lunar module pilot control considerations

Apollo experience report: Lunar module reaction control system 1972

Lunar Module SpaceCraft Assembly & Test, Grumman Bethpage - LM Systems

Field Guide to American Spacecraft: Lunar Modules

Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle

Lunar Roving Vehicle is a 14-page .pdf with drawings and descriptions of the Lunar Rover used during the Apollo 17 lunar explorations.

Lunar Rover Operations Handbook

Lunar Roving Vehicle: Historical Origins, Development, and Deployment

LRV Handcontroller Design Approval

Navigation System of the Lunar Roving Vehicle

ALSJ Rover Links

Apollo Command Module and Service Module

North American Aviation Apollo CSM News Reference H (Apollo 12 type) Missions

CSM 104 (Apollo 9) Command and Service Module Systems Handbook

Apollo Operations Handbook, Block II: Spacecraft

Virtual Apollo Guidance Computer Document Library

Apollo Human Centrifuge Program Summary 1964, 76 pages

Field Guide to American Spacecraft: Apollo CM/CSMs

Saturn V, Saturn IB, and Saturn I: Apollo Launch Vehicles

MSFC-MAN-507, Saturn V Flight Manual, SA-507

Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles, SP-4206 (1996), describes the development of the Saturn I, IB, and V launch
vehicles that carried the Apollo spacecraft.

Saturn Illustrated Chronology .pdf

Saturn SA-2 flight evaluation

Saturn C-5 Launch Facilities by Kurt Debus

Saturn V Apollo Launch Operations Plan March 1963 by Rocco A. Petrone

Vehicle Assembly Building Fact Sheet 1966

Crawler Transporter Steering and Jel Systems 1975 by V. L. Davis

Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations SP-4204 (1978) .pdf version

History of the F-1 Rocket Engine by Robert Biggs, Rocketdyne F-1 Lead Engineer

F-1 Rocket Engine Operating Instructions 310 MB .pdf

Maintenance Plan for Saturn F-1, H-1 and J-2 Rocket Engines

F-1 Rocket Engine Technical Manual: Engine Data 281 page .pdf

History of the F-1 Combustion Stability Program, Volume 1, Book 1 94 page .pdf

Apollo TV
Apollo TV 12 MB .pdf

Apollo Unified S-Band System NASA TM-X-55492 .pdf

Lunar TV Camera: Statement of Work (Final Draft) NASA/MSC, 15 August 1966

Apollo Lunar Television Camera: Operations Manual Westinghouse 1968

More Apollo TV links from the Apollo Lunar Surface Journal

NASA History, Space Exploration History

The NASA History Office has countless pages of history information and images to view, accessible from this subject listing page, or keyword searchable.

Project Apollo

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ApolloSaturn.com is a very nice independent reference to the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicles that took men to the moon. The Apollo Program from the
Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum, is an online exhibit covering the entire Apollo lunar landing program. And The Project Apollo Archive is a similar site,
with a large archive of nice photos.
The Apollo Lunar Surface Journal covers all lunar landing missions, with links to most of the best materials available, including photos and .pdf files. Apollo
Mission Traverse Maps from the USGS show the EVA paths from Apollo 11, 12, 14, and 15.
The Virtual Apollo Guidance Computer Document Library includes links to downloadable .pdfs of original Apollo flight plans, Gemini and Apollo Familiarization
Manuals, Crew Debriefings, and many other interesting documents.

S/CAT Remembered is a site about the Grumman factory and team that built the Apollo Lunar Modules, including photos of LM construction. Also see
NorthropGrumman's Lunar Module 15th Anniversary page.

A Field Guide to American Spacecraft shows the current locations (or states the final disposition) of most US spacecraft, including Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo
spacecraft, boilerplates, trainers, Lunar Modules, etc., plus X-15s and more. For example, the Lunar Module built for cancelled Apollo 18 is at the Cradle of Aviation
Museum, Mitchell Field, Long Island, NY, and the LM for cancelled Apollo 20 was scrapped (how dumb can they be?). But whatever happened to the LM for cancelled
Apollo 19 is unknown.

My Little Space Museum has good photos of and info about Apollo lunar spacesuits, the cancelled Soviet manned moon landing program, and more.

The Mission Transcript Collection in .pdf format

The Mission Transcript Collection
"The Mission Transcript Collection: US Human Spaceflight Missions from Mercury Redstone 3 to Apollo 17", is the online access to CD-ROMs (no longer available)
containing full transcripts (in .pdf format) from every manned space flight from the first Mercury mission to the final Apollo mission. This is almost 45,000 pages of
presumably uncensored text, from both air to ground transmissions and onboard voice recorders. The original URL for this material went dead a couple years ago, but
is now online at a new address.

NASA Books (NASA Special Publications) & NASA Articles Online

Some of the books below are Adobe .pdf files, which are nice for reading materials offline. If you would like to read NASA's .html online books, like most of those
below, when you are offline, you can "harvest" the pages and images for free using HTTrack, a very useful freeware website capture and offline browsing tool.
HTTrack also works well with groups of .pdf files linked to from a page or directory.

Skylab Books

Skylab: A Chronology SP-4011 (1977)

Skylab: Our First Space Station SP-400 (1977)

Skylab: A Guidebook EP-107

Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab SP-4208 (1978) .pdf

Skylab: Classroom in Space SP-401 (1977)

Skylab's Astronomy and Space Sciences SP-404 (1979)

A New Sun: The Solar Results from Skylab SP-402 (1979)

MSFC-MAN-206, Skylab Saturn IB Flight Manual.

CSM 116-119, Skylab Command Service Module Systems Handbook

Saturn 5 Flight Report, SA-513, Skylab 1

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project Books

The Partnership: A History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project SP-4209 (1978)

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