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Thermodynamics: Lectures Notes (9) Dr. Mohamed Elhelw

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The document discusses four common thermodynamic power cycles - the Carnot, Otto, Diesel, and Brayton cycles. It provides 3-4 key points about the idealizations and analysis of each cycle. Specifically, it notes that the Carnot cycle involves reversible processes between two heat reservoirs. It describes the Otto cycle as the ideal cycle for spark-ignition engines and the Diesel cycle as the ideal cycle for compression-ignition engines. Finally, it states that the Brayton cycle models the ideal cycle for gas turbine engines using four reversible processes: isentropic compression, constant-pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant-pressure heat rejection.

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Thermodynamics: Lectures Notes (9) Dr. Mohamed Elhelw

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AhmedTaha
34 views11 pages
The document discusses four common thermodynamic power cycles - the Carnot, Otto, Diesel, and Brayton cycles. It provides 3-4 key points about the idealizations and analysis of each cycle. Specifically, it notes that the Carnot cycle involves reversible processes between two heat reservoirs. It describes the Otto cycle as the ideal cycle for spark-ignition engines and the Diesel cycle as the ideal cycle for compression-ignition engines. Finally, it states that the Brayton cycle models the ideal cycle for gas turbine engines using four reversible processes: isentropic compression, constant-pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant-pressure heat rejection.

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The document discusses four common thermodynamic power cycles - the Carnot, Otto, Diesel, and Brayton cycles. It provides 3-4 key points about the idealizations and analysis of each cycle. Specifically, it notes that the Carnot cycle involves reversible processes between two heat reservoirs. It describes the Otto cycle as the ideal cycle for spark-ignition engines and the Diesel cycle as the ideal cycle for compression-ignition engines. Finally, it states that the Brayton cycle models the ideal cycle for gas turbine engines using four reversible processes: isentropic compression, constant-pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant-pressure heat rejection.

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© All Rights Reserved
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34 views11 pages

Thermodynamics: Lectures Notes (9) Dr. Mohamed Elhelw

Uploaded by

AhmedTaha
The document discusses four common thermodynamic power cycles - the Carnot, Otto, Diesel, and Brayton cycles. It provides 3-4 key points about the idealizations and analysis of each cycle. Specifically, it notes that the Carnot cycle involves reversible processes between two heat reservoirs. It describes the Otto cycle as the ideal cycle for spark-ignition engines and the Diesel cycle as the ideal cycle for compression-ignition engines. Finally, it states that the Brayton cycle models the ideal cycle for gas turbine engines using four reversible processes: isentropic compression, constant-pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion, and constant-pressure heat rejection.

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THERMODYNAMICS

Lectures Notes
(9)
Dr. Mohamed Elhelw
GAS POWER CYCLES

The idealizations and simplifications commonly employed in


the analysis of power cycles can be summarized as follows:

•The cycle does not involve any friction. Therefore, the


working fluid does not experience any pressure drop as it
flows in pipes or devices such as heat exchangers.

•All expansion and compression processes take place in a


quasi-equilibrium manner.

•The pipes connecting the various components of a system


are well insulated, and heat transfer through them is
negligible.
THE CARNOT CYCLE
OTTO CYCLE: THE IDEAL CYCLE FOR SPARK-IGNITION ENGINES
Otto Cycle Analyzing

Vc = Clearance volume = V2

Vs= stroke volume = V1 – V2 =

r= compression ratio =

C= Clearance ratio
Qin = m cv (T3 – T2)
Qout = m cv (T4 – T1)
Wnet = Qin - Qout
DIESEL CYCLE: THE IDEAL CYCLE FOR
COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES

In CI engines (also known as diesel engines),


the air is compressed to a temperature that is
above the auto ignition temperature of the
fuel, and combustion starts on contact as the
fuel is injected into this hot air. Therefore, the
spark plug and carburetor are replaced by a
fuel injector in diesel engines.
Diesel Cycle Analyzing

r= compression ratio =

β= Cut-off ratio =

Qin = m cp (T3 – T2)


Qout = m cv (T4 – T1)
Wnet = Qin - Qout
BRAYTON CYCLE: THE IDEAL CYCLE FOR GAS-
TURBINE ENGINES
The ideal cycle that the working fluid undergoes in
this closed loop is the Brayton cycle, which is made
up of four internally reversible processes:

1-2 Isentropic compression (in a compressor)


2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition
3-4 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine)
4-1 Constant-pressure heat rejection
Brayton Cycle Analyzing

rP= pressure ratio =

Qin = m cp (T3 – T2)


Qout = m cp (T4 – T1)
WTurbine = m cp (T3 – T4)
WCompressor = m cp (T2 – T1)
DUAL CYCLE

Dual Cycle Analyzing

r= compression ratio =

β= Cut-off ratio =

rP= pressure ratio =

Qin = m cv (Tx – T2) + m cp (T3 – Tx)


Qout = m cv (T4 – T1)

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