Cn1047 Introduction To Computer Networking Osi Model - Physical Layer
Cn1047 Introduction To Computer Networking Osi Model - Physical Layer
Cn1047 Introduction To Computer Networking Osi Model - Physical Layer
COMPUTER NETWORKING
CHAPTER 3
OSI MODEL – PHYSICAL LAYER
Physical Layer
Concern with transmission of raw bits over a
communication channel.
It deals with specifications of network
connectors, type of transmission media and
voltage level used for 0 bit and 1 bit.
Types of Media
Communications media has 2 classes :
1) Conducting media
2) Radiating media
Types of Media
1) Conducting media
Advantages:
a) Large data capacity ( 30 000 simultaneous calls).
b) High speed transmission (1 Gbps)
c) High secure
d) Very low transmission error rate.
Radiating Media
Radio Transmission
Network Poor; a lot of labor is needed for Good; smart devices produce
manageability network maintenance and alerts, alarms, traffic statistics,
control because dumb analog and performance measurements,
devices do not provide and technicians at a network
management information control center (NCC) or network
streams that allow the device to operations center (NOC) can
be remotely managed remotely monitor and manage
the various network elements
Power requirement High because the signal contains Low because only two discrete
a wide range of frequencies and signals—the one and the zero—
amplitudes need to be transmitted
Security Poor; when you tap into an Good; encryption can be used
analog circuit, you hear the voice
stream in its native form, and it
is difficult to detect an intrusion
Analog vs. Digital
Feature Analog Characteristics Digital Characteristics
Error rates High; 10–5 bits (that is, 1 in Low; with twisted-pair, 10–7
100,000 bits) is guaranteed to (that, is 1 in 10 million bits per
have an error second) will have an error, with
satellite, 10–9 (that is, 1 in 1 billion
per second) will have an error,
and with fiber, 10–11 (that is only 1
in 10 trillion bits per second) will
have an error