Strain Pole Ver 1.1 97-2003
Strain Pole Ver 1.1 97-2003
Strain Pole Ver 1.1 97-2003
Introduction:
The purpose of this worksheet/workbook is to analyze a strain pole. The strain pole, base plate
and anchor bolts are analyzed for allowable stresses. Loading may be entered as a design
tension or as group loads. Poles with and without luminaires may be analyzed. Anchor bolts in
the base plate are selected according to TC-8801, Sheet 3 of 10.
Analysis is in accordance with PennDOT Publications 148 and 149 and AASHTO Standard
Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaries and Traffic Signals, 4th
Edition with 2002, 2003 and 2006 Interims.
See the Input Instruction and Diagram Tab for input directon.
Limitations:
This spreadsheet cannot:
- Analyze stepped strain pole members
- Analyze slip jointed members
- Analyze/Design anchor bolt patterns other than as shown on TC-8801, Sheet 3 of 10
- Analyze a structure with a span wire higher than 34 ft.
- Analyze more than 1 sign, 1 signal and 1 control box on a strain pole.
- Analyze a mast arm post and span-wire combination
- Analyze material types other than steel.
- Accurately determine deflections for non-tapered strain poles.
Page 1 of 32
419395462.xls Introduction & Revisions
Strain Pole Analysis
Assumptions & Method of Solution:
General:
1.) The analysis is in accordance with the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) method.
2.) Strain poles may be analyzed with or without a luminaire.
3.) Only the resultant force of multiple span wires can be analyzed. If multiple span
wires are attached to the strain pole, the forces from each individual span wire must
be combined and entered as one force for loading on the strain pole. Wind loads on
the pole and luminaire are conservatively assumed to act in the same direction as the resultant
force.
4.) Signal configuration & signal sections in each direction are as described in PennDOT Publication
149 Chapter 20.
5.) Only strain poles with round, 16 sided, 12 sided, 8 sided shapes and a square shape may be
input. (Note that Pub. 408 requires a minimum of 8 sides for multi-sided members.)
6.) For non-circular shaped posts and arms, the calculation of coefficient of drag (C d)
assumes an inside corner radius = 3/8 inch. See AASHTO Appendix C, Table C-2
for application.
7.) 12-sided members are assumed to have a ratio of corner radius to distance between parallel
faces equal to or greater than 0.125.
8.) Only round base plates with 6 anchor bolts may be analyzed.
9.) Signal Configuration & Signal Sections are as provided in PennDOT Publication 149,
Chapter 20.
10.) Signal and sign weights are in accordance with PennDOT Publication 149, Chapter 20.
11.) All signals have 12" lenses with backplate, 5 inch border.
12.) E70 Electrodes are assumed for all welds.
Fatigue:
1.) Strain poles are exempt from fatigue checks in accorance with AASHTO Section 11.4.
Luminaire:
1.) Coefficient of drag (Cd) = 0.50
2.) Plan area of luminaire = 1.5 sf per Pub 408, Section 1106.06(b)-1
3.) Ice area = 4 x 1.5 sf (4 x plan area)
4.) The centroid of the luminaire is assumed to be 2 ft above the Strain pole height for calculating C h
for wind loading.
Luminaire Arm:
1.) Variation between fabricators was assumed to have minimal impact on post designs. Luminaire
arm parameters are assumed as follows.
- Luminaire arm center of gravity : 0.5 x Luminaire Arm Length
- Ice area = 17.3 sf
2.) Wind load is applied as follows:
-Wind loads and dead loads due to the luminare/luminaire arm are
conservatively assumed to act about the same axis. Varing angles of wind on
the luminaire arm are not considered.
3.) The centroid of the luminaire arm is assumed to be 1 ft above the strain pole height for
calculating Ch for wind loading.
4.) Luminaire Arm height is determined in accordance with TC-8801, Sheet 6 of 10.
Page 2 of 32
419395462.xls Introduction & Revisions
Strain Pole Analysis
Span Wire:
1.) The strain pole analysis may be performed using a Design Tension for the strain pole, or Group
Loadings from the Spanwire Analysis Spreadsheet (Span Wire Ver 1.0 97-03 Excel.xls) or a
separate span wire analysis. The spreadsheet assumes that multiple spanwires attached to a
strain pole act as one resultant force. If a Design Tension load type is selected, the design
tension force is conservatively proportioned into group loads with the following assumptions:
Horizontal
Vertical
Load
Load
Group (Percent of
(Percent of
Design
Horiz Load)
Tension)
Group I 50% 25%
Group II 100% 20%
Group III 100% 20%
Strain Pole:
1.) The vertical load from span wire is assumed to act at the centerline of the strain pole.
2.) Amplification for secondary moment effects are considered where (kL)/r ≥ √((2·π²·E)/Fy). Where
this is condition is not met, the coefficient for amplification, C A, is equal to 1.0. Moment
magnification is considered relative to the span wire height since the majority of the load is
applied at the span wire. The factor CA is computed for the bottom of the post and applied to
bending stresses at the post base and the hand-hole. Moment amplification is neglected for
stresses at the mast arms.
3.) Computation of allowable axial compression conservatively uses radius of gyration (r) at the span
wire height. AASHTO 5.10 commentary permits use of r at 0.5*L.
4.) When checking allowable axial compression, computation of the actual axial compression stress
conservatively considers load at the base of the post divide by the post cross-sectional area at
the span wire height.
5.) Positioning of hand-hole with respect to the bending moments in the post is not considered.
Worst case loads are applied for hand-hole stresses and code checks.
6.) Deflection Checks are only valid for tapered posts.
7.) The strain pole height extends 1 ft above the span wire connection height in accordance with TC-
8801, Sheet 2 of 10.
Page 3 of 32
419395462.xls Introduction & Revisions
Strain Pole Analysis
Miscellaneous Attachments:
1.) Includes post attachments Signal Q, Sign V and a Control box as defined by
Pub. 148 & 149.
2.) Vertical load eccentricity of miscellaneous attachments is neglected.
3.) Coefficient of height (Ch) = 0.80
4.) Coefficients of drag (Cd):
Signal Q = 1.2
Sign V = 1.19
Control box = 1.25
5.) The drag coefficient, Cd, for the control box is based on a square member as shown in AASHTO
Tbl C-2.
6.) Miscellaneous components attached to the post are assumed to be at a height less than or equal
to 14 ft.
7.) Wind load is applied assuming the attachments are mounted normal to the applied span wire
tension.
8.) The design wind pressure is assumed to be larger than 25 psf for Group III wind loads.
Base Plate:
1.) The base plate and anchor bolts are checked for allowable stresses. A warning is printed if the
dimensions do not equal those as defined by the TC standards. The warning is only for
information and is not an indication of overstress.
Page 4 of 32
419395462.xls Introduction & Revisions
Strain Pole Analysis
Instructions:
1.) The workbook is setup using nomenclature and configurations as presented in Publication 148
and 149. See the figures below. Values to be entered for the program are highlighted in pale
yellow/tan.
The user need only refer to Input and Output tabs for a complete analysis. Other tabs provide
detailed computations for each element for reference should the user need to investigate
results in-depth.
The Spanwire Analysis Spreadsheet (Span Wire Ver 1.0 97-03 Excel.xls) output tab provides
Group I loads and the controlling Group II or Group III loads. If using the Spanwire Analysis
Output, enter the Group I loads and the controlling load group for both Group II and III. If the
user has loads for Groups I,II and III, all group loads may be entered.
Select pole attachments from the feature's drop down picklist. Select 'None' or 'No' if the feature
is not present. Enter the distance from the base plate of the strain pole to the signal. Distances
for the sign and control box are automatically entered by the program (8.5 ft and 4.5 ft
respectively).
Enter geometry and select the shape from the pull down picklist.
5.) Output:
No action is required to generate output. Once all input has been completed, output may
be viewed.
Warnings are printed when certain geometry parameters are not met. However, except as noted
in the limitations of the program, the program will still perform other specification checks
appropriately.
6.) Printing:
Printing of input and output is performed using typical excel procedures.
Project: 12.00
Intersection: SR XX & SR XX
Input By: MEC Date: 7/20/2011
Checked By: XXX Date: XXX
Loading Input:
Loading Type:
Design
Loading Type:
Tension
Horizontal Vertical
Group
Load (lbs) Load (lbs)
Group I
Group II
Group III
Page 8 of 32
419395462.xls Input
Strain Pole Analysis - Input
Project: 12.00
Intersection: SR XX & SR XX
Input By: MEC Date: 7/20/2011
Checked By: XXX Date: XXX
(1) For post loads, enter the distance from the base of post to center of attachment. If attachment is
not present, select "None" and enter a zero distance (If sign or control box is present, the mount
height is pre-defined)
(2) A - 3
Materials:
Strain Pole::
Luminaire : No Enter "Yes/No" if a luminare is present
Luminaire Weight= 55.00 lbs
If "No" is entered for the luminaire, these values
Luminaire Mast Arm Weight = 175.00 lbs are ignored by the program
Luminaire Mast Arm Length = 15.00 ft
Page 9 of 32
419395462.xls Input
Strain Pole Analysis - Input
Project: 12.00
Intersection: SR XX & SR XX
Input By: MEC Date: 7/20/2011
Checked By: XXX Date: XXX
Handhole:
Section at Handhole
Base Plate Geometry and Material
Materials:
Base Plate:
Material: A709, Gr. If "Other": Enter Fy here: ksi
50
Fy = 50 ksi Enter Fu here: ksi
Fu = 65 ksi (Value is neglected if material is not
defined as "Other")
Anchor Bolts:
Material: F1554, Gr. If "Other", enter Fy here: ksi
55
Fy = 55 ksi (Value is neglected if material is not
defined as "Other")
Geometry:
Base Plate:
Outside Diameter = 23.25 (in) Base plate outside diameter Note: Anchor bolt size
Thickness = 2.00 (in) Base plate thickness and arrangement are
calculated by the
Anchor Bolts: program using TC-8801
6 criteria.
Quantity = Number of anchor bolts
Anchor Bolt Dia. = 1.75 (in) Nominal diameter of anchor bolts
Heavy Hex Nut Dia. = 3.1875 (in)
Bolt Circle Dia. = 18.00 (in) Diameter of bolt pattern
Page 10 of 32
419395462.xls Input
Strain Pole Analysis - Output
Project: 12.00
Intersection: SR XX & SR XX
Input By: MEC Date: 7/20/2011
Checked By: XXX Date: XXX
Strain Pole:
Stress at Handhole
Specification
Check Actual Allowable
Check
Bending Stress (psi) 27543.02 42250.00 OK
Shear Stress (psi) 233.21 21450.00 OK
Combined Axial,
Bending & Shear 0.66 1.00 OK
(Ratio)
Page 11 of 32
419395462.xls Output
Strain Pole Analysis - Output
Project: 12.00
Intersection: SR XX & SR XX
Input By: MEC Date: 7/20/2011
Checked By: XXX Date: XXX
Deflection/Rotation
Specification
Check Actual Allowable
Check
Deflection @ Span
8.037 6.900 NO GOOD
Wire Height (inches)
Deflection @
NA 43.2 N/A
Luminaire (in)
Geometry
Number of Sides
(Section must be
OK
round or have at least
8 sides)
Taper (Multi-sided
sections must be OK
tapered)
Taper Rate OK
Page 12 of 32
419395462.xls Output
Strain Pole Analysis - Output
Project: 12.00
Intersection: SR XX & SR XX
Input By: MEC Date: 7/20/2011
Checked By: XXX Date: XXX
Base Plate:
Base Plate
Specification
Check Actual Allowable Notes
Check
Page 13 of 32
419395462.xls Output
Project: 12.00
Intersection: SR XX & SR XX
Material: Other
65000 : Fy Post (psi)
N : Luminaire (Y/N)
23.00 : Applied Tension Height (ft)
2.00 : Base Plate Thickness (in)
3 : Ice Load (psf)
80 : AASHTO Wind Speed (mph)
Properties at Handhole:
A y Ay d Ad2 I
Post 4.85 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 22.7
Cut-out -1.27 2.68 -3.40 1.8 -4.3 -0.12
Frame 4.50 2.27 10.22 1.4 9.2 3.4
SUM: 8.1 6.8 4.9 25.9
Y-BAR = 0.8 in
CMAX = 3.863
I H= 30.8 in4 S= 8.0 in3
MEMBER COORDINATES
STRAIN POLE
Strain Pole Self-weight:
LUMINAIRE
Self-weight:
Weight Arm X Mz
(lbs) (ft) (ft-lb) PUB. 408 1101.06(b)1
Luminaire 0 0.00 0.00 AREA OF LUMINAIRE; PUB. 408;1101.06(b)-1
Luminaire Mast AREA OF LUMINAIRE ARM ASSUMED
0 0.00 0.00
Arm
SPAN WIRE
Design Tension:
Since design tension includes dead, wind and ice loads the
following proportions of the design tension load are assumed to
Design Tension = 1000.00 lbs generate group loads when a design tension force is used for
design:
Horizontal
Vertical
Horizontal Load
Vertical Load
Group Load Group (Percent of
Load (lbs) (Percent of
(lbs) Design
Horiz Load)
Tension)
Group I 500.00 125.00 Group I 50.0% 25.0%
Group II 1000.00 200.00 Group II 100.0% 20.0%
Group III 1000.00 200.00 Group III 100.0% 20.0%
Group Loading:
Horizontal Vertical
Group
Load (lbs) Load (lbs)
Group I N/A N/A
Group II N/A N/A
Group III N/A N/A
Group I
Strain
Span Wire
Base Handhole Pole Mid- Extension
Height
height
Location (ft) 0 1.5 11.5 23 24
FZ (lb) 500.00 500.00 500.00 500.00 0.00
MX (ft-lb) 11500.00 10750.00 5750.00 0.00 0.00
FY (lb) 125.00 125.00 125.00 125.00 0.00
Group II
Strain
Span Wire
Base Handhole Pole Mid- Extension
Height
height
Location (ft) 0.00 1.50 11.50 23.00 24.00
FZ (lb) 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 0.00
MX (ft-lb) 23000.00 21500.00 11500.00 0.00 0.00
FY (lb) 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 0.00
Group III
Strain
Span Wire
Base Handhole Pole Mid- Extension
Height
height
Location (ft) 0.00 1.50 11.50 23.00 24.00
FZ (lb) 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 1000.00 0.00
MX (ft-lb) 23000.00 21500.00 11500.00 0.00 0.00
FY (lb) 200.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 0.00
MISC ATTACHMENTS
Signal Mounting
Area Depth Ice Area
Config. /Sign Weight (lb) Height
(sf) (ft) (sf)
Size (ft)
Signal Q None 0 0 0.00 N/A 0
Sign V None 0 0 0.00 N/A 0
Control Box No 0 0 0.00 0 0 Pub 149, Chapter 20
Self Weight:
Eccentricity relative the vertical axis is small and therefore neglected for all misc components.
FY = 0 lb
Wind:
All assumed mounted to maximize FZ
Handhole Both Group II & III apply
Vfm PZ Fz Base MX 25 psf minimum
Cd * Ch Mx
(mph) (psf) (lb) (lb-ft)
(lb-ft)
Signal Q 80 0.96 26.58 0.00 0.00 0.00
Sign V 80 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Control Box 80 1.00 27.69 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00
Ice :
Eccentricity relative the vertical axis is small and therefore neglected for all misc components.
FY = 0.00 lb
fx fz fb fvb fvt fv fa
(psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
Group I 0.00 0.00 0.00 415.75 0.00 415.75 54.65
Group II 614.09 0.00 614.09 630.32 0.00 630.32 64.09
Group III 307.04 0.00 307.04 626.97 0.00 626.97 64.88
fx = Bending Stress due to Mx fvb = Max shear stress due to transverse loads
fz = Bending Stress due to Mz fvt = Max. shear stress due to torsion
fb = Max Bending Stress fv = fvb + fvt
fa = Axial stress
fx fz fb fvb fvt fv fa
(psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
Group I 15586.09 0.00 15586.09 271.49 0.00 271.49 68.03
Group II 26652.47 0.00 26652.47 461.88 0.00 461.88 66.11
Group III 25015.81 0.00 25015.81 434.56 0.00 434.56 74.22
fx = Bending Stress due to Mx fvb = Max shear stress due to transverse loads
fz = Bending Stress due to Mz fvt = Max. shear stress due to torsion
fb = Max Bending Stress fv = fvb + fvt
fa = Axial stress
fx fz fb fvb fvt fv fa
(psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
Group I 16180.82 0.00 16180.82 125.23 0.00 125.23 49.44
Group II 27543.02 0.00 27543.02 233.21 0.00 233.21 44.04
Group III 25907.13 0.00 25907.13 210.52 0.00 210.52 51.95
fx = Bending Stress due to Mx fvb = Max shear stress due to transverse loads
fz = Bending Stress due to Mz fvt = Max. shear stress due to torsion
fb = Max Bending Stress fv = fvb + fvt
fa = Axial stress
fx fz fb fvb fvt fv fa
(psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi) (psi)
Group I 17180.79 0.00 17180.79 201.56 0.00 201.56 84.60
Group II 29235.11 0.00 29235.11 380.22 0.00 380.22 74.65
Group III 27503.15 0.00 27503.15 341.28 0.00 341.28 88.53
fx = Bending Stress due to Mx fvb = Max shear stress due to transverse loads
fz = Bending Stress due to Mz fvt = Max. shear stress due to torsion
fb = Max Bending Stress fv = fvb + fvt
fa = Axial stress
fb fv fa
Load Group
(psi) (psi) (psi) Notes:
Group I 0.00 415.75 -54.65 (-) Compression
Group II 614.09 630.32 -64.09 fb = max bending stress
Group III 307.04 626.97 -64.88 fv = shear stress
fa = axial stress
Stresses at Post Mid-height
fb fv fa
Load Group
(psi) (psi) (psi)
Group I 15586.09 271.49 -68.03
Group II 26652.47 461.88 -66.11
Group III 25015.81 434.56 -74.22
Stresses at Handhole
fb fv fa
Load Group
(psi) (psi) (psi)
Group I 16180.82 125.23 -49.44
Group II 27543.02 233.21 -44.04
Group III 25907.13 210.52 -51.95
Stresses at Base
fb fv fa
Load Group
(psi) (psi) (psi)
Group I 17180.79 201.56 -84.60
Group II 29235.11 380.22 -74.65
Group III 27503.15 341.28 -88.53
kL/r = 349.4
k= 2.10 AASHTO APP B; Table B-5. effective length factors
L= 23.00 ft.
r= 1.66 AASHTO APP B; Table B-1. Estimated Sectional Properties for tubular shapes
Cc= 93.8 (AASHTO 5.10 commentary allows r @ 0.5L)
Deflection Deflection
W M* L Ra Rb at Load at
C
(lb) (lb-ft) (ft) (in) (in) Point Luminaire
(in) (in)
Geometry
Number of Sides: OK
Taper: OK
Taper Rate: OK
MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Base Plate Material Yield Strength , Fy = 50 ksi Material: A709, Gr. 50
Base Plate Material Ultimate Strength , Fu = 65 ksi Material: A709, Gr. 50
Anchor Bolt Material Yield Strength , Fy = 55 ksi Material: F1554, Gr. 55
Design Loads
Page 26 of 32
419395462.xls Base Plate 05/06/2019, 11:20:04
CSR: 0.03
Check: OK
M = 234823.0 in-lb
Rb = 9.00 in (radius of the bolt circle)
Rp = 3.25 in (radius of the post)
ftBP= 11540.4 psi (ftBP=M(Rb-Rp)/t2RpRb)
Fb= 37500 psi (0.75Fy) AASHTO 5.8
OK
Page 27 of 32
-Per AASHTO 3.7, the ice load is applied to all surfaces of traffic signals. The
Signal Configuration - Wind Area w/ 5"
Load With Back Plate Ice Area = 2 · Ice Area is assumed to be equal to 2 x Wind Area to account for the front and
Signal Sections Each Backplate
(lbs) Wind Area +2 ft2 rear face of the signal plus an additional 2 square feet to account for the top,
Direction Border (ft2)
bottom and sides of the signal.
None 0 0 0
A-3 70 8.76 19.52 -Dead Load and Wind Area taken in accordance with PennDOT Pub 149,
A-4 89 11.04 24.08 Chapter 20
A-5 97 13.89 29.78
B-3 129 8.76 19.52
C-3 131 13.41 28.82
B-4 165 11.04 24.08
C-4 167 17.24 36.48
B-5 189 13.89 29.78
D-3 190 13.41 28.82
E-3 190 18.06 38.12
D-4 242 17.24 36.48
E-4 242 23.44 48.88
F-3 249 18.06 38.12
F-4 318 23.44 48.88
18PED: A-1 40 2.47 6.94
18PED: C-1 80 5.14 12.28
Cross
Radius of Torsion
Area Constant/Torsion Sectional Shear Stress
Section Geometry Number of Sides Gyration, r Stress
Stress Constant Constant, Constant
Constant Factor
C
A 24
B 16
B' 12
C 10
D 7
E 4.5
E' 2.6
ET 1.2
K2 1
Vfmd = 32.60
rb = 0.38 in (assumed corner radius)
R= 2.20 in
D= 4.89 in (diameter, or depth of square member)
r= 0.17 Ratio of corner radius to radius of inscribed circle
rs = 0.08 Ratio of corner radius to depth of square member
24 30
30 35
34 40
Strain Pole, Maximum Stresses
@ Span Wire Height
Group fx (psi) fz (psi) Round 16-sided 12-sided 8-sided 4-sided
Group I 0.00 0.00 0 0 0 0 0.00
Group II 614.09 0.00 614.089 614.089 614.089 614.089 614.09
Group III 307.04 0.00 307.0445 307.0445 307.0445 307.0445 307.04
@ Hand Hole
Group fx (psi) fz (psi) Round 16-sided 12-sided 8-sided 4-sided
Group I 16180.82 0.00 16180.82 16180.82 16180.82 16180.82 16180.82
Group II 27543.02 0.00 27543 27543 27543 27543 27543.02
Group III 25907.13 0.00 25907.13 25907.13 25907.13 25907.13 25907.13
@ Base
Group fx (psi) fz (psi) Round 16-sided 12-sided 8-sided 4-sided
Group I 17180.79 0.00 17180.79 17180.79 17180.79 17180.79 17180.79
Group II 29235.11 0.00 29235.11 29235.11 29235.11 29235.11 29235.11
Group III 27503.15 0.00 27503.15 27503.15 27503.15 27503.15 27503.15
Strain Pole Proportion Limits and Allowable Stresses