Chapter Two Literature Review: 2.1 Background Theory of Study

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 BACKGROUND THEORY OF STUDY

The advent of electronic patient health and medical Record keeping system should not
be a surprise in the sense that digital age has plenty of application for the handling and
disseminating of patients records from simply strong of information in computers about
individual patients, to sharing that information with other through closed network in which the
storage of patient using computer and networks.
The journal of the American Medical Association reviewed the quality, safety and
affordability of United State Health care as serious concern in which both private and public
sector entities have consistently advocate that an integral method of solving their problems is
the adoption and the use of Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. This system is
accompanied by a guide for clinicians and administrators and is useful for anyone who decided
understanding of the increasing potential and issues associated with the EHRs.
According to Akpan G. (2000), life solution emergency medicine and diagnostic radiology
are used in the Hospital to provide a complete automation of their automation of their daily
operation for majority of medical charts, for billing procedure pay-off and benefit for reduction
of account receivable cycle due to faster turn around and complete guaranteed.
Robert A.H (1998) completed a successful testing program of the first application for
coding emergency medicine at two billing company sites. In the early days, only the few people
especially the rich the could afford the cost.
The use of Electronic Medical Record (EHR) system in outcome research has
systematically identified articles published from January 2000 to January 2007. The EMR used
for outpatient-based outcomes research studies showed that has been increased six fold since
2000. Although chronic condition were most common, the EMRs were also used to study less
common diseases, highlighting the EHRs flexibility to examine large cohort as well as identify
patients with rare disease and method of solving them. The EMR system has greatly helped in
assessing the effectiveness of day treatment programs versus outpatient care for people with non
chronic illness. Also to assess the effectiveness o day-to –day care giving to patient with severe
long time disorders. This was achieved by randomized controlled trials comparing day hospital
care {either a day treatment program or a day care centre} with outpatient care.
Chrisman, 2006, opined that security issues alone are reasonable enough to seriously assess
whether an EMR is right for a particular practice. However, government entities at both the
state and federal levels are driving the health care providers ultimately to electronically
accessible medical records.
Many factors may influence the successful implementation of EMR systems. An
understanding of an EMR system’s purpose, function and intended benefits help determine in
past what influences the success or failure of an EMR project along with awareness of mistakes
in the past while leveraging the best practices that may be unique to EMR implementations.
Reshelf et al, 2005 and Edward 2005 described the collection of personal health data as a
central format to the patient with EMR system. An EMR system exists to facilitate the storage,
retrieval and continuity of the record itself. This ales varies in functionality.
Gins et al (2002) viewed that EMR system typically have the following functions listed
from most common to least common:
i. Patient Demographics
ii. Visit/encounter notes
iii. Patient medications/prescriptions
iv. Presenting complaint
v. Physical examination/review of symptoms
vi. Past medical history
vii. Problem list
viii. Procedure/operative notes
ix. Laboratory results
x. Drug interaction warning
xi. Radiology/imaging results
xii. Consult/report from specialists
xiii. Referrals to specialists
xiv. Dug reference information
xv. Immunization tracking
xvi. Drug formulas
xvii. Clinical guidelines and protocols
xviii. Integration with practice billing system.
Other functions include a claims processing component that allows the coding and
transmitting of clinical data to insurance companies to improve the time and cost
involved in dealing with insurance carrier. There are other names for the EMR
systems such as the Electronic Health Record (EMR), Personal Health record (PHR),
Electronic Patient Record (EPR) and Computerized Patient Record (CPR). Barlow
2007 viewed that still there are some differences between each of the terms.
2.1.1 METHODS OF MEDICAL RECORD/MEDICAL RECORD
SYSTEM
Medical record system is an integral aspect of health care services that
advocate for both the patient and the health care provider so as to facilitate quality
care. This is formulated from the points made during the patient-health worker
relationship. The patient-health worker relationship goes a long way in the medical
record of the patient and his or her care. The relationship begins at their first
contact.
2.3 CURRENT METHODS IN USE

The entire patient’s information is recorded into the treatment sheet and the
hospital card which are later kept in a file for storage after discharge. This require a
lot of energy and stress to retrieve at any time the patient visit the hospital again
based on the known condition or a fresh compliant.
2.4 APPROACH METHOD TO BE USED IN THE STUDY

This is the process by which patient’s data information are typed and saved in an
electronic computerized machine for the purpose of continuity of the patient’s care.
This can be electronic health device parts, so as to aim at the set goals.
Digital record\d keeping is a form of Health Information Technology. It is also the
domain of those who work on digitizing the record of patient of patient across the
country.

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CHAPTER TWO

2.1 BACKGROUND THEORY OF STUDY

2.3 CURRENT METHODS IN USE

2.4 APPROACH METHOD TO BE USED IN THE STUDY

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