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    Fundamental Batu Mulia

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    aloysius andrianto
    This document discusses gemstones, their definitions, classifications, and examples. It provides definitions of gemstones as pieces of mineral crystal or other materials used for jewelry due to properties like luster. Gemstones are classified based on color, translucency, hardness, and other optical characteristics. Examples of gemstone minerals, inorganic gem materials, and organic gem materials are also listed and categorized.

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    Fundamental Batu Mulia

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    aloysius andrianto
    66 views6 pages
    This document discusses gemstones, their definitions, classifications, and examples. It provides definitions of gemstones as pieces of mineral crystal or other materials used for jewelry due to properties like luster. Gemstones are classified based on color, translucency, hardness, and other optical characteristics. Examples of gemstone minerals, inorganic gem materials, and organic gem materials are also listed and categorized.

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    Fundamental Batu Mulia

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    This document discusses gemstones, their definitions, classifications, and examples. It provides definitions of gemstones as pieces of mineral crystal or other materials used for jewelry due to properties like luster. Gemstones are classified based on color, translucency, hardness, and other optical characteristics. Examples of gemstone minerals, inorganic gem materials, and organic gem materials are also listed and categorized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    66 views6 pages

    Fundamental Batu Mulia

    Uploaded by

    aloysius andrianto
    This document discusses gemstones, their definitions, classifications, and examples. It provides definitions of gemstones as pieces of mineral crystal or other materials used for jewelry due to properties like luster. Gemstones are classified based on color, translucency, hardness, and other optical characteristics. Examples of gemstone minerals, inorganic gem materials, and organic gem materials are also listed and categorized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    Definisi dan Klasifikasi Batu

    Mulia

    Dr. Lucas Donny Setijadji


    Laboratorium Sumberdaya Mineral
    Jurusan Teknik Geologi
    Universitas Gadjah Mada

    Yogyakarta, 19 September 2015


    Definisi Batu Mulia (Wikipedia)
    • Gemstone (also called precious or semi-precious stone) is a
    piece of mineral crystal, which, in cut and polished form, is
    used to make jewelry or other adornments.
    • Certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli) or organic materials that are
    not minerals (such as amber or jet), are also used for jewelry,
    and are therefore often considered to be gemstones as well.
    • Most gemstones are hard, but some soft minerals are used in
    jewelry because of their luster or other physical properties that
    have aesthetic value.
    • Rarity is another characteristic that lends value to a gemstone
    • The traditional classification of gemstone begins with a
    distinction between precious and semi-precious.
    • In modern usage the precious stones are diamond, ruby,
    sapphire and emerald, with all other gemstones being semi-
    precious
    Gemstone Clasification
    • Gemstones are classified by their color, translucency and hardness.
    • Use of the terms 'precious' and 'semi-precious' in a commercial context is, arguably,
    misleading in that it deceptively implies certain stones are intrinsically more valuable than
    others, which is not the case.
    • Gemstones are identified by gemologists, who describe gems and their characteristics
    using technical terminology specific to the field of gemology: chemical composition, crystal
    system, and habit (the form the gem is usually found in)
    • Gemstones are classified into different groups, species, and varieties. For example, ruby is
    the red variety of the species corundum, while any other color of corundum is considered
    sapphire. Other examples are the Emerald (green), aquamarine (blue), red beryl (red),
    goshenite (colorless), heliodor (yellow), and morganite (pink), which are all varieties of the
    mineral species beryl.
    • Gems are characterized in terms of refractive index, dispersion, specific gravity, hardness,
    cleavage, fracture, and luster. They may exhibit pleochroism or double refraction. They may
    have luminescence and a distinctive absorption spectrum.
    • Material or flaws within a stone may be present as inclusions.
    • Gemstones may also be classified in terms of their "water". This is a recognized grading of
    the gem's luster and/or transparency and/or "brilliance". Very transparent gems are
    considered "first water", while "second" or "third water" gems are those of a lesser
    transparency.
    Mineral
    • Andalusite • Kornerupine
    • Feldspar • Sérandite
    • Axinite Group • Kunzite
    • Amazonite • Serendibite
    – Ferroaxinite • Malachite
    – Magnesioaxinite • Labradorite • Spinel
    Manganaxinite • Musgravite
    –
    • Moonstone • Sugilite
    – Tinzenite • Peridot
    • Benitoite • Sunstone • Taaffeite
    • Poudretteite
    • Beryl • Fluorite • Topaz
    • Prehnite
    – Aquamarine • Garnet Group: • Turquoise
    – Bixbite • Pyrite
    Emerald
    • Almandine • Tourmaline
    –
    • Quartz
    – Morganite • Andradite • Variscite
    Cassiterite • Amethyst
    • • Grossular • Vesuvianite
    Celestite • Citrine
    • • Hessonite (Cinnamon Stone) • Xenotime
    Chambersite • Smoky Quartz
    • • Tsavorite • Zektzerite
    Chrysoberyl • Tiger's-eye
    • • Pyrope • Zeolite (Thomsonite)
    – Alexandrite • Chalcedony
    Cymophane (Cat's Eye) • Spessartine • Zircon
    –
    • Agate
    • Chrysocolla • Uvarovite • Zoisite
    • Aventurine
    • Clinohumite • Grandidierite • Tanzanite
    • Carnelian
    • Cordierite • Hambergite • Thulite
    • Chrysoprase
    • Corundum • Hematite
    • Heliotrope
    – Ruby • Hibonite
    – Sapphire (Bloodstone)
    • Jade
    • Danburite • Moss agate
    • Jadeite
    • Diamond • Mtorolite
    • Nephrite
    • Diopside • Onyx
    • Jasper
    • Dioptase • Rhodochrosite
    • Jeremejevite
    • Dumortierite
    Batu Mulia Mineral
    Organic Inorganic
    Mineraloid

    • Amber • Obsidian
    • Ammolite • Opal
    • Bone
    • Copal
    • Coral (precious)
    Rocks
    • Ivory • Lapis lazuli
    • Jet • Maw sit sit
    • Nacre (Mother of pearl) • Unakite
    • Pearl

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