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LM78XX / LM78XXA — 3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator
September 2014
LM78XX / LM78XXA
3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator
Features Description
• Output Current up to 1 A The LM78XX series of three-terminal positive regulators
• Output Voltages: 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24 V is available in the TO-220 package and with several fixed
output voltages, making them useful in a wide range of
• Thermal Overload Protection
applications. Each type employs internal current limiting,
• Short-Circuit Protection thermal shut-down, and safe operating area protection. If
• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver over
1 A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed-
voltage regulators, these devices can be used with exter-
nal components for adjustable voltages and currents.
TO-220 (Single Gauge)
GND
1. Input
1 2. GND
3. Output
Ordering Information(1)
Output Voltage Operating
Product Number Package Packing Method
Tolerance Temperature
LM7805CT
LM7806CT
LM7808CT
LM7809CT
LM7810CT ±4% -40°C to +125°C
LM7812CT
LM7815CT TO-220
Rail
LM7818CT (Single Gauge)
LM7824CT
LM7805ACT
LM7809ACT
LM7810ACT ±2% 0°C to +125°C
LM7812ACT
LM7815ACT
Note:
1. Above output voltage tolerance is available at 25°C.
© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

LM78XX / LM78XXA Rev. 1.3.1
Block Diagram
Input Series Pass Output

Element
1 3
Current SOA
Generator Protection
Starting Reference Error

Circuit Voltage Amplifier
Thermal
Protection
GND
2
Figure 1. Block Diagram
Absolute Maximum Ratings

Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be opera-
ble above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addi-
tion, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The
absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. Values are at TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted.
Symbol Parameter Value Unit

VO = 5 V to 18 V 35
VI Input Voltage V
VO = 24 V 40
RθJC Thermal Resistance, Junction-Case (TO-220) 5 °C/W
RθJA Thermal Resistance, Junction-Air (TO-220) 65 °C/W
LM78xx -40 to +125
TOPR Operating Temperature Range °C
LM78xxA 0 to +125
TSTG Storage Temperature Range - 65 to +150 °C

LM78XX / LM78XXA Rev. 1.3.1 2
Electrical Characteristics (LM7805)
Refer to the test circuit, -40°C < TJ < 125°C, IO = 500 mA, VI = 10 V, CI = 0.1 μF, unless otherwise specified.
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

TJ = +25°C 4.80 5.00 5.20
VO Output Voltage IO = 5 mA to 1 A, PO ≤ 15 W, V
4.75 5.00 5.25
VI = 7 V to 20 V
VI = 7 V to 25 V 4.0 100.0
Regline Line Regulation(2) TJ = +25°C mV
VI = 8 V to 12 V 1.6 50.0
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 9.0 100.0
Regload Load Regulation(2) TJ = +25°C mV
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 4.0 50.0
IQ Quiescent Current TJ = +25°C 5 8 mA
Quiescent Current IO = 5 mA to 1 A 0.03 0.50
ΔIQ mA
Change VI = 7 V to 25 V 0.30 1.30
ΔVO/ΔT Output Voltage Drift(3) IO = 5 mA -0.8 mV/°C
VN Output Noise Voltage f = 10 Hz to 100 kHz, TA = +25°C 42 μV
(3)
RR Ripple Rejection f = 120 Hz, VI = 8 V to 18 V 62 73 dB
VDROP Dropout Voltage TJ = +25°C, IO = 1 A 2 V
(3)
RO Output Resistance f = 1 kHz 15 mΩ
ISC Short-Circuit Current TJ = +25°C, VI = 35 V 230 mA
IPK Peak Current(3) TJ = +25°C 2.2 A
Notes:
2. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects
must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.
3. These parameters, although guaranteed, are not 100% tested in production.

Refer to the test circuit, -40°C < TJ < 125°C, IO = 500 mA, VI = 11 V, CI = 0.33 μF, CO = 0.1 μF, unless otherwise spec-
ified.

TJ = +25°C 5.75 6.00 6.25
5.70 6.00 6.30
VI = 8.0 V to 21 V
VI = 8 V to 25 V 5.0 120.0
VI = 9 V to 13 V 1.5 60.0
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 9.0 120.0
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 3.0 60.0
Quiescent Current IO = 5 mA to 1 A 0.5
ΔIQ mA
Change VI = 8 V to 25 V 1.3
RR Ripple Rejection(5) f = 120 Hz, VI = 8 V to 18 V 62 73 dB
VDROP Dropout Voltage TJ = +25°C, IO = 1 A 2 V
RO Output Resistance(5) f = 1 kHz 19 mΩ
ISC Short-Circuit Current TJ = +25°C, VI = 35 V 250 mA
(5)
IPK Peak Current TJ = +25°C 2.2 A
Notes:
4. Load and line regulation are specified at constant junction temperature. Changes in VO due to heating effects must
be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty is used.

ified.

TJ = +25°C 7.7 8.0 8.3
7.6 8.0 8.4
VI = 10.5 V to 23 V
VI = 10.5 V to 25 V 5 160
VI = 11.5 V to 17 V 2 80
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 10 160
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 5 80
ΔIQ mA
Change VI = 10.5 V to 25 V 0.5 1.0
RR Ripple Rejection(7) f = 120 Hz, VI = 11.5 V to 21.5 V 56 73 dB
VDROP Dropout Voltage IO = 1 A, TJ = +25°C 2 V
ISC Short-Circuit Current VI = 35 V, TJ = +25°C 230 mA
(7)
Notes:

ified.

TJ = +25°C 8.65 9.00 9.35
8.60 9.00 9.40
VI = 11.5 V to 24 V
VI = 11.5 V to 25 V 6 180
VI = 12 V to 17 V 2 90
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 12 180
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 4 90
ΔIQ mA
Change VI = 11.5 V to 26 V 1.3
ΔVO/ΔT Output Voltage Drift(9) IO = 5 mA -1 mV/°C
(9)
Notes:

ified.

TJ = +25°C 9.6 10.0 10.4
9.5 10.0 10.5
VI = 12.5 V to 25 V
VI = 12.5 V to 25 V 10 200
VI = 13 V to 25 V 3 100
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 12 200
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 4 400
IQ Quiescent Current TJ = +25°C 5.1 8.0 mA
ΔIQ mA
(11)
Notes:

ified.

TJ = +25°C 11.5 12.0 12.5
11.4 12.0 12.6
VI = 14.5 V to 27 V
VI = 14.5 V to 30 V 10 240
VI = 16 V to 22 V 3 120
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 11 240
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 5 120
ΔIQ mA
Change VI = 14.5 V to 30 V 0.5 1.0
(13)
Notes:

ified.

TJ = +25°C 14.40 15.00 15.60
14.25 15.00 15.75
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V 11 300
VI = 20 V to 26 V 3 150
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 12 300
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 4 150
ΔIQ mA
RR Ripple Rejection(15) f = 120 Hz, VI = 18.5 V to 28.5 V 54 70 dB
(15)
Notes:

ified.

TJ = +25°C 17.3 18.0 18.7
17.1 18.0 18.9
VI = 21 V to 33 V
VI = 21 V to 33 V 15 360
VI = 24 V to 30 V 5 180
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 15 360
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 5 180
ΔIQ mA
Change VI = 21 V to 33 V 1.0
(17)
Notes:

ified.

TJ = +25°C 23.00 24.00 25.00
22.80 24.00 25.25
VI = 27 V to 38 V
VI = 27 V to 38 V 17 480
VI = 30 V to 36 V 6 240
IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 15 480
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 5 240
ΔIQ mA
Change VI = 27 V to 38 V 0.5 1.0
(19)
Notes:

Electrical Characteristics (LM7805A)
Refer to the test circuit, 0°C < TJ < 125°C, IO = 1 A, VI = 10 V, CI = 0.33 μF, CO = 0.1 μF, unless otherwise specified.

TJ = +25°C 4.9 5.0 5.1
4.8 5.0 5.2
VI = 7.5 V to 20 V
VI = 7.5 V to 25 V, IO = 500 mA 5.0 50.0
VI = 8 V to 12 V 3.0 50.0
Regline Line Regulation(20) mV
VI = 7.3 V to 20 V 5.0 50.0
TJ = +25°C
VI = 8 V to 12 V 1.5 25.0
TJ = +25°C, IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 9 100
(20)
Regload Load Regulation IO = 5 mA to 1 A 9 100 mV
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 4 50
IO = 5 mA to 1 A 0.5
Quiescent Current
ΔIQ VI = 8 V to 25 V, IO = 500 mA 0.8 mA
Change
VI = 7.5 V to 20 V, TJ = +25°C 0.8
(21)
ΔVO/ΔT Output Voltage Drift IO = 5 mA -0.8 mV/°C
f = 120 Hz, VO = 500 mA,
RR Ripple Rejection(21) 68 dB
VI =8 V to 18 V
(21)
Notes:


TJ = +25°C 8.82 9.00 9.16
8.65 9.00 9.35
VI = 11.2 V to 24 V
VI = 11.7 V to 25 V, IO = 500 mA 6 90
VI = 12.5 V to 19 V 4 45
VI = 11.5 V to 24 V 6 90
TJ = +25°C
VI = 12.5 V to 19 V 2 45
TJ = +25°C, IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 12 100
(22)
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 5 50
IO = 5 mA to 1 A 0.5
Quiescent Current
Change
VI = 11.7 V to 25 V, TJ = +25°C 0.8
(23)
ΔVO/ΔT Output Voltage Drift IO = 5 mA -1 mV/°C
f = 120 Hz, VO = 500 mA,
VI =12 V to 22 V
(23)
Notes:


TJ = +25°C 9.8 10.0 10.2
9.6 10.0 10.4
VI = 12.8 V to 25 V
VI = 12.8 V to 26 V, IO = 500 mA 8 100
VI = 13 V to 20 V 4 50
VI = 12.5 V to 25 V 8 100
TJ = +25°C
VI = 13 V to 20 V 3 50
TJ = +25°C, IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 12 100
(24)
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 5 50
IO = 5 mA to 1 A 0.5
Quiescent Current
ΔIQ VI = 12.8 V to 25 V, IO = 500 mA 0.8 mA
Change
VI = 13 V to 26 V, TJ = +25°C 0.5
(25)
f = 120 Hz, VO = 500 mA,
VI =14 V to 24 V
(25)
Notes:


TJ = +25°C 11.75 12.00 12.25
11.50 12.00 12.50
VI = 14.8 V to 27 V
VI = 14.8 V to 30 V, IO = 500 mA 10 120
VI = 16 V to 22 V 4 120
VI = 14.5 V to 27 V 10 120
TJ = +25°C
VI = 16 V to 22 V 3 60
TJ = +25°C, IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 12 100
(26)
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 5 50
IO = 5 mA to 1 A 0.5
Quiescent Current
Change
VI = 15 V to 30 V, TJ = +25°C 0.8
(27)
f = 120 Hz, VO = 500 mA,
VI =14 V to 24 V
(27)
Notes:


TJ = +25°C 14.75 15.00 15.30
14.40 15.00 15.60
VI = 17.7 V to 30 V
VI = 17.4 V to 30 V, IO = 500 mA 10 150
VI = 20 V to 26 V 5 150
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V 11 150
TJ = +25°C
VI = 20 V to 26 V 3 75
TJ = +25°C, IO = 5 mA to 1.5 A 12 100
(28)
IO = 250 mA to 750 mA 5 50
IO = 5 mA to 1 A 0.5
Quiescent Current
ΔIQ VI = 17.5 V to 30 V, IO = 500 mA 0.8 mA
Change
VI = 17.5 V to 30 V, TJ = +25°C 0.8
(29)
f = 120 Hz, VO = 500 mA,
VI =18.5 V to 28.5 V
(29)
Notes:

Typical Performance Characteristics
6 3
VI = 10V TJ = 25°C
VO = 5V ΔVO = 100mV
IO = 5mA
5.75 2.5
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)

5.5 2
5.25 1.5
5 1
4.75 .5
4.5 0
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT-OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL (V)
Figure 2. Quiescent Current Figure 3. Peak Output Current
1.02 7
VI – VO = 5V TJ = 25°C
NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
IO = 5mA VO = 5V
IO = 10mA
6.5
QUIESCENT CURRENT (mA)
1.01
6
1 5.5
5
0.99
4.5
0.98 4
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 4. Output Voltage Figure 5. Quiescent Current

Typical Applications
1 3
LM78XX
Input Output
CI 2 CO 0.1μF
0.33μF
Figure 6. DC Parameters
1 3
LM78XX
Input Output
2 RL 270pF
VO
2N6121 0V
0.33μF VO
or EQ 30μS
100Ω
Figure 7. Load Regulation
5.1Ω 1 3
LM78XX
Input Output
2 RL
0.33μF
470μF
120Hz +
Figure 8. Ripple Rejection

Typical Applications (Continued)
1 3
LM78XX
Input Output
CI 2 CO 0.1μF
0.33μF
Figure 9. Fixed-Output Regulator
1 3
LM78XX Output
Input
CI 2 CO 0.1μF V XX
0.33μF R1
IQ
IO
RL
V XX
IO = +
R1 IQ
Figure 10. Constant Current Regulator

Notes:
29. To specify an output voltage, substitute voltage value for “XX”. A common ground is required between the input and
the output voltage. The input voltage must remain typically 2.0 V above the output voltage even during the low point
on the input ripple voltage.
30. CI is required if regulator is located an appreciable distance from power supply filter.
31. CO improves stability and transient response.
1 3 Output
LM78XX
Input
2 CO V XX
CI 0.1μF R1
0.33μF
IQ
R2
IRI ≥ 5 IQ
VO = VXX(1 + R2 / R1) + IQR2
Figure 11. Circuit for Increasing Output Voltage

Input 1 Output
3
LM7805
2
CI 0.33μF - 2 CO
6
LM741 0.1μF
+ 3 10kΩ
4
IRI ≥ 5 IQ
VO = VXX(1 + R2 / R1) + IQR2
Figure 12. Adjustable Output Regulator (7 V to 30 V)
Input Q1 BD536
IQ1
R1 1 3 Output
LM78XX
3Ω IO
IREG
2
V BEQ1
R1 = 0.33μF 0.1μF
IREG–IQ1/ BQ1
IO = IREG + BQ1 (IREG–VBEQ1/R1)
Figure 13. High-Current Voltage Regulator
Input RSC Q1
Q2
R1 Output
1 3
LM78XX
3Ω
2
0.33μF 0.1μF
Q1 = TIP42
Q2 = TIP42
V BEQ2
RSC =
I SC
Figure 14. High Output Current with Short-Circuit Protection

1 3
LM78XX
VI VO
2
0.33μF 0.1μF 4.7kΩ
7 COMMON
_ 2
COMMON
6
LM741
+ 3 4.7kΩ
4
-VIN TIP42 -VO
Figure 15. Tracking Voltage Regulator
1 3
LM7815
+20V +15V
0.33μF 2
0.1μF
1N4001
+ 2.2μF
1μF +
1
1N4001
2 3
MC7915
-20V -15V
Figure 16. Split Power Supply (±15 V - 1 A)

Output
Input
+
0.1μF
2
1 3
LM78XX
Figure 17. Negative Output Voltage Circuit
D45H11 1mH
Input Output
470Ω
4.7Ω
Z1 3
1
LM78XX
+ 2
0.33μF
10μF
0.5Ω +
2000μF
Figure 18. Switching Regulator

Physical Dimensions
Figure 19. TO-220, MOLDED, 3-LEAD, JEDEC VARIATION AB (ACTIVE)

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© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Input Series Pass Output

Starting Reference Error

Figure 1. Block Diagram

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Symbol Parameter Value Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

OUTPUT CURRENT (A)

Figure 2. Quiescent Current Figure 3. Peak Output Current

Figure 4. Output Voltage Figure 5. Quiescent Current

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Figure 7. Load Regulation

Figure 8. Ripple Rejection

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Figure 9. Fixed-Output Regulator

Figure 10. Constant Current Regulator

Figure 11. Circuit for Increasing Output Voltage

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Figure 12. Adjustable Output Regulator (7 V to 30 V)

IO = IREG + BQ1 (IREG–VBEQ1/R1)

Figure 13. High-Current Voltage Regulator

Figure 14. High Output Current with Short-Circuit Protection

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

-VIN TIP42 -VO

Figure 15. Tracking Voltage Regulator

Figure 16. Split Power Supply (±15 V - 1 A)

© 2006 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation www.fairchildsemi.com

Figure 17. Negative Output Voltage Circuit

Figure 18. Switching Regulator