Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 8 views

    Control Charts: Causes of Variation

    Uploaded by

    Singiri Pavithra
    This document discusses quality control charts, which are used to monitor processes over time. It describes the key components of control charts, including average and control lines. Various types of control charts are presented for different data types, such as X-bar and R charts for variable data. Examples of an X-bar-R chart are shown and explained. Control charts can identify common and special causes of variation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Control Charts: Causes of Variation

    Uploaded by

    Singiri Pavithra
    8 views7 pages
    This document discusses quality control charts, which are used to monitor processes over time. It describes the key components of control charts, including average and control lines. Various types of control charts are presented for different data types, such as X-bar and R charts for variable data. Examples of an X-bar-R chart are shown and explained. Control charts can identify common and special causes of variation.

    Original Description:

    a

    Original Title

    control chart

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses quality control charts, which are used to monitor processes over time. It describes the key components of control charts, including average and control lines. Various types of control charts are presented for different data types, such as X-bar and R charts for variable data. Examples of an X-bar-R chart are shown and explained. Control charts can identify common and special causes of variation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views7 pages

    Control Charts: Causes of Variation

    Uploaded by

    Singiri Pavithra
    This document discusses quality control charts, which are used to monitor processes over time. It describes the key components of control charts, including average and control lines. Various types of control charts are presented for different data types, such as X-bar and R charts for variable data. Examples of an X-bar-R chart are shown and explained. Control charts can identify common and special causes of variation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 7

    UCL

    Characteristics
    Control Charts

    Quality
    CL
    LCL
    Performance of process over time.
    Time
    It has three lines parallel to x-axis.
    One line is in the centre and is called
    average line. It is firm line.
    Other two lines are at an equal
    distance from centre line. These are
    called upper and lower control limits.

    Causes of Variation
    Common causes:

    random pattern of variation

    Special causes:

    Assignable causes

    non-random pattern of
    variation
    Variable Data
    • I-MR or X-MR chart
    • X - R chart (Average – Range chart)
    • X - s chart (Average – Standard deviation
    chart)

    Attribute Data
    • p chart (Proportion defective chart)
    • np chart (Number defective chart)
    • c chart (Number defect chart)
    • u chart (Number defect per unit chart).

    Defective Defect
    Sample size np c
    constant
    Sample size p u
    variable
    Types of Control Charts
    Data Type

    Attribute - Counts
    Variable - Measurements
    # Pieces # Occurrences
    # Defectives # Defects
    n n
    n>9 n =2 to 9 n=1
    Constant Variable Constant Variable

    Xbar-S Xbar- R ImR/XmR


    np chart p chart c chart u chart

    n: sample/ subgroup size

    X Bar – R Chart

    Sample Number x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 Sample Mean Sample Range


    1 70.1 69.4 70 69.9 70.6 70 1.2
    2 70.4 1.3
    3 70.3 0.7
    4 69.5 0.6
    5 70.3 1.1
    6 70.5 1.5
    7 69.4 0.4
    8 69.3 0.8
    9 69.8 1.2
    10 70.5 1.2
    70 1
    X Bar – R Chart

    X Bar – R Chart
    Sample Number x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 Sample Mean Sample Range
    1 70.1 69.4 70 69.9 70.6 70 1.2
    2 70.4 1.3
    3 70.3 0.7
    4 69.5 0.6
    5 70.3 1.1
    6 70.5 1.5
    7 69.4 0.4
    8 69.3 0.8
    9 69.8 1.2
    10 70.5 1.2
    70 1

    UCL = X-bar-bar + A2.r-bar 70+(0.577)(1) 70.577


    LCL = X-bar-bar - A2.r-bar 70-(0.577)(1) 69.423

    UCL = D4.r-bar (2.115)(1) 2.115


    UCL = D3.r-bar (0)(1) 0
    X Bar – R Chart
    X Bar Chart
    70.6

    70.4

    70.2

    70

    69.8

    69.6

    69.4

    69.2
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12
    R Chart
    1.6

    1.4

    1.2

    1 UCL = X-bar-bar + A2.r-bar 70+(0.577)(1) 70.577


    0.8 LCL = X-bar-bar - A2.r-bar 70-(0.577)(1) 69.423
    0.6

    0.4

    0.2
    UCL = D4.r-bar (2.115)(1) 2.115
    0 UCL = D3.r-bar (0)(1) 0
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12

    X Bar – s Chart
    np and p Chart

    c and u Chart
    Interpreting Special Causes
    Nelson Rules

    Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_rules

    Interpreting Special Causes


    Nelson Rules

    Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_rules

    You might also like