Dale Pietrzak, Ed.D.

, LPC-MH, CCMHC

Sixteen
Sixteen Personality
Personality Factor
Factor
Questionnaire:
Questionnaire: 5th
5th Edition
Edition
 Personality Test Types Tr
cu s ai t -M
Fo Clinical Normal ot i
t om ve
m p
Sy
MMPI-2
Objective MCMI-III 16PF
BPI CPI

Projective HTP
Rorschach TAT
Holtzman ER’s
 3 Domains of of Assessment
Cattell
Cattell&&Johnson,
Johnson,1986;
1986;Leary,
Leary,1957
1957

• Ability: What the person can do

• Motive: What the person desires
• Personality: What the person is like
(Character)

What on earth is
he talking about!?!
 3 Types of Personality Data
• Life Data: Personality as it is revealed in
everyday behavior
• Question Data: Person’s self-report of any
type
• Test Data: Person’s responses to contrived
situations, a non-conscious presentation or
inferential (Projectives, IQ, Situation)
Cattell
Cattell&&Johnson,
Johnson,1986;
1986;Leary,
Leary,1957
1957
 16PF & Related

• Constructed using factor analysis

– Different factors for adults and children
• 16 Primary Scales
• 5 Second Order Factors
• One of most used and researched
instruments
• A great deal of validity data
 Administration & Scoring
• 1 hour supervised This does not
seem so bad.
• 6th grade reading level
• Caution on using “b”
• 4 published keys (2 can be hand made)
• Calculation of Secondary Factors
• (No TV, movies, etc.)
 Stability of Primary Scales
Scale
Scale 22Week
Week 22Month
Month Scale
Scale 22Week
Week 22Month
Month
AA .83
.83 .77
.77 LL .76
.76 .56
.56
BB .69
.69 .65
.65 MM .84
.84 .67
.67
CC .75
.75 .67
.67 NN .77
.77 .70
.70
EE .77
.77 .69
.69 OO .79
.79 .64
.64
FF .82
.82 .69
.69 Q1
Q1 .83
.83 .70
.70
GG .80
.80 .76
.76 Q2
Q2 .86
.86 .69
.69
HH .80
.80 .79
.79 Q3
Q3 .80
.80 .77
.77
II .87
.87 .76
.76 Q4
Q4 .78
.78 .68
.68

Only
Only11scale
scaleunder
under.75
.75(B)
(B)atat22weeks.
weeks.
Stability of Secondary Scales
Scale
Scale 22 Weeks
Weeks 22 Months
Months
Extraversion
Extraversion .91
.91 .80
.80
Anxiety
Anxiety .84
.84 .70
.70
Tough-Mindedness
Tough-Mindedness .87
.87 .82
.82
Independence
Independence .84
.84 .81
.81
Self-Control
Self-Control .87
.87 .79
.79

At
At22weeks
weeks84
84to
to91
91percent
percentof
ofvariance
varianceaccounted
accountedfor!
for!

At
At22months
monthsonly
onlyanxiety
anxietyisisbelow
below.70!
.70!
Consistency of Primary Scales
Cronbach’s Alpha

Scale
Scale Alpha
Alpha Scale
Scale Alpha
Alpha
AA .69
.69 ** LL .74
.74
BB .77
.77 MM .74
.74
CC .78
.78 NN .75
.75
EE .66
.66 ** OO .78
.78
FF .72
.72 ** Q1
Q1 .64
.64 **
GG .75
.75 Q2
Q2 .78
.78
HH .85
.85 Q3
Q3 .71
.71 **
II .77
.77 Q4
Q4 .76
.76
* Most heterogeneous
 16PF Uses Sten Scores
• Mean is 5.5 and the standard deviation is 2
• Sten 3 is the 11 percentile & 8 the 89
percentile
• Sten 2 is the 4 percentile and 9 the 96
percentile
• 1 is the 1 percentile and 10 the 99 percentile
I think I am Numbered out!
 Primary Scales
• Factor A: Reserved-Warm
• Factor B: Concrete-Abstract
• Factor C: Emotionally Reactive-Stable
• Factor D: Low Activity-High Activity
– (Child Only)
• Factor E: Deferential-Dominant
• Factor F: (Liveliness) Serious-Enthusiastic
• Factor G: Nonconforming- Dutiful
 Primary Scales Con’t
• Factor H: Shy-Socially Bold
• Factor I: Objective, Unsentimental-Sensitive
• Factor J: Low Attention Seeking-Internally
Oriented (Child Only)
• Factor L: Trusting-Suspicious, Skeptical
• Factor M: Workable Oriented-Idea Oriented
• Factor N: Forthright- Private, Discreet (Tact)
 Primary Scales Con’t
• Factor O: Self-Assured-Apprehensive
Factor Q1: Attached to Familiar-Open to
Change
• Factor Q2: Group Oriented-Self Reliant
• Factor Q3: Tolerates Disorder-Self
Disciplined, Perfectionistic
• Factor Q4: Relaxed, Placid-Tense
(Muscle), High Energy, Impatient
 Secondary Factor Equations 1
• Extravertion: (.3A+.3F+.2H-.3N-.3Q2+4.4)
• Anxiety: (-.4C+.3L+.4O+.4Q4+1.65)
• Self-Control: (-.2F+.4G-.3M+.4Q3+3.85)
• Independence: (.6E+.3H+.2L+.3Q1-2.2)
• Tough-Mindedness: (-.2A-.5I-.3M-.5Q1+13.75)

Take me to your numbers

11
Use
Use the
the STEN
STEN Scores
Scores from
from Primary
Primary Scales.
Scales.
 Scoring Example Extraversion
Extravertion:
Extravertion: (.3A+.3F+.2H-.3N-.3Q2+4.4)
(.3A+.3F+.2H-.3N-.3Q2+4.4)

Scale
Scale Sten
Sten Weight
Weight Total
Total
AA 77 +.3
+.3 2.1
2.1
FF 77 +.3
+.3 2.1
2.1
HH 99 +.2
+.2 1.8
1.8
NN 44 -.3
-.3 -1.2
-1.2
Q2
Q2 55 -.3
-.3 -1.5
-1.5
Constant
Constant 4.4
4.4 ---
--- 4.4
4.4
Sten
Sten 7.7
7.7
Rounded:
Rounded: 8.0
8.0
 Secondary Factor Meanings
• EX: Introverted-Extraverted (Socially
participating)
• AX: Little Anxiety-High Anxiety
• TM: Open-minded, Intuitive-Tough-Minded,
Unempatetic
• IN: Accommodating, Selfless-Independent,
Willful
• SC: Unrestrained, Self-Controlled, Inhibited
 Response Style Scales
• Impression Management: 95 percentile
call Fake Good; 5th percentile call fake bad
• Infrequency: 95 percentile call invalid
– Hand scoring you must make your own key
• Acquiescence: 95 percentile invalid “true
response set”; 5 percentile call invalid
“false response set”
– Hand scoring you must make your own key
 Interpretation Process
• Assess Validity (Impression Management,
Infrequency, Acquiescence)
• Extreme Scale for Broad Factors (1, 2, 3
and 8, 9, 10)
• Extreme Scales Primary Factors (1, 2, 3 and
8, 9, 10)
• Scale Interactions (Clinical Judgment)
AA 10
10
BB
CC
77
33
16PF
16PF Example
Example
EE 22
FF 44
GG 77 36 Extremes
Extremes Ranked
Ranked
36Year
YearOld
OldMale
Male
HH 99 EX+
EX+ ----
II 88 AX+
AX+ ----
LL 88 TM-
TM- ----
EX:
EX: 88 A+
A+ A+
A+
MM 66
AX:
AX: 88 C-
C- E-
E-
NN 44
SC:
SC: 66 E-
E- H+
H+
OO 77
IN:
IN: 55 H+
H+ C-
C-
Q1
Q1 55
TM:
TM: 33 I+
I+ I+
I+
Q2
Q2 33
Q3 44 L+
L+ L+
L+
Q3
Q4 55 Q2-
Q2- Q2-
Q2-
Q4
 16PF Example Con’t
A+ = Needs Others
E- = Adaptable (passive) White Male,
H+ = Socially Bold Age 34 ...
C- = Emotionally Reactive
I+ = Sensitive
L+ = Suspicious
Q2- = Group-Oriented

EX: Extraverted
AX: Anxious
TM: Hypersensitive