Student

Operating
Procedure
Millstone Station

Startup and Operation of SEE-THRU Nuclear Power

Plant for Student Performance
MP-SEE-THRU-01
Rev. 018

Approval Date: 01/12/2011

Effective Date: 01/12/2011

Level of Use
STOP THINK ACT REVIEW

CONTINUOUS
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................3
1.1 Objective ..................................................................................................................3
1.2 Discussion ................................................................................................................3
1.3 Applicability ............................................................................................................3
2. PREREQUISITES ...............................................................................................................4
2.1 General .....................................................................................................................4
3. PRECAUTIONS ..................................................................................................................5
3.1 Safety Precautions....................................................................................................5
3.2 General Precautions .................................................................................................5
3.3 Operating Limits ......................................................................................................5
4. INSTRUCTIONS.................................................................................................................6
4.1 Establish Initial Plant Conditions.............................................................................6
4.2 Plant Heatup .............................................................................................................8
4.3 Establishing Pressurizer Steam Bubble .................................................................12
4.4 Heatup and Secondary Plant Startup......................................................................14

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1. PURPOSE
1.1 Objective
This procedure provides instructions for the heat-up and power operation of the SEE-
THRU Nuclear Power Plant.
Students under the instruction of a qualified instructor may use this procedure.
1.2 Discussion
This procedure provides instructions for drawing a pressurizer bubble, heating-up the
reactor plant, and operating the turbine-generator and secondary plant of the SEE-THRU
Nuclear Power Plant.
The PYREX™ glass that is used for the pressure vessels of the SEE-THRU Nuclear
Power Plant needs to be gradually heated up to prevent stress damage to the glass.
Therefore, several hold points will be observed during the plant heat up to allow for
thermal equalization of the glass.
The reactor coolant system (pressurizer, reactor vessel, steam generators (primary side),
and piping) will be “water solid” at the beginning of this exercise. When the reactor
coolant system is in this condition, changes in temperature will result in pressure changes
due to thermal expansion or contraction of primary system water.
The water in the pressurizer is heated to a saturated condition with an electric heater.
When the water in the pressurizer reaches saturation temperature, a steam bubble in the
pressurizer is established by lowering pressurizer water level to approximately 50%.
The reactor coolant is concurrently heated by electric heater rods (which simulate the
reactor core) and is circulated, through two steam generators, via two reactor coolant
pumps.
As the reactor plant heat up continues, the water in the steam generators will begin to boil
and the steam will be transported to the secondary plant. The heat input (reactor power)
into the reactor coolant system is raised and the turbine-generator is started using the
steam from the steam generators.
1.3 Applicability
This procedure is applicable for student operation of the SEE-THRU Nuclear Power
Plant.

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2. PREREQUISITES
2.1 General
2.1.1 The instructor has completed procedure “Millstone Power Station SEE-THRU
Nuclear Power Plant Preparation for Operation.”
2.1.2 Students have reviewed the SEE-THRU Nuclear Power Plant layout and are
familiar with the locations of the major plant components, operating controls,
local valves, pumps and instrumentation indicators.
2.1.3 Students have reviewed and understand the safety precautions, general
precautions and SEE-THRU Nuclear Power Plant operating limits.
2.1.4 The instructor has conducted a pre-job brief with all students for this activity.

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3. PRECAUTIONS
3.1 Safety Precaution
3.1.1 Always operate the SEE-THRU Nuclear Power Plant with the containment
plexiglass (cylinder and dome) and component plexiglass covers in place to
prevent scalding from hot water or steam in the event of a primary or secondary
plant leak or rupture. The containment and component covers must also be in
place to prevent serious lacerations or other injuries from broken/flying glass
should a glass component break.
3.2 General Precautions
3.2.1 When starting any pump, STOP it immediately if there is an abnormal noise or if
an abnormal noise develops during operation.
3.2.2 Do NOT run any pump at a shutoff head for an extended period of time.
3.2.3 ENSURE that the pressurizer heaters and reactor vessel heaters are completely
covered with water anytime the heaters are energized.
3.2.4 Do NOT allow the condenser to pump empty because this will cause air binding of
the Condensate Pump and/or Feed Pump.
3.2.5 When the reactor coolant system is solid (no steam bubble in pressurizer), a small
change in temperature can result in a significant change in system pressure.
3.2.6 Start up of SEE-THRU Nuclear Power Plant is NOT allowed if reactor coolant
system “Auto/Manual Relief Valve” is NOT operational.
3.2.7 When shutting “Feedwater Regulating Valves” FW1 and FW2, “Reactor Vessel
Vent Valve” RC-15, and “Pressurizer PORV Isolation Valve” RC-22, do NOT
run them hard into their shut seat. This will prevent damaging the valves.
3.2.8 Do NOT allow Feedwater Outlet temperature to exceed 170oF.
3.3 Operating Limits
3.3.1 Ensure that the following operating limits are not exceeded:
a. Reactor coolant system pressure is maintained less than 23 psi
b. Reactor temperature is maintained less than 275°F
c. Pressurizer temperature is maintained less than 275°F
d. Condenser water level is maintained greater than 1/3 full
e. Containment temperature is maintained less than 180°F

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4. INSTRUCTIONS
4.1 Establish Initial Plant Conditions

NOTE
“Circ Water Regulating Valve – CW1” regulates domestic water supply
pressure to the Containment Air Recirculation Cooling (CARC) unit and
the Quench Tank.
The domestic water supply pressure is not stable and periodic adjustment
of the circulating water pressure may be required during operation of the
SEE-THRU Nuclear Power Plant.

4.1.1 Initiate circulating water and containment cooling by performing the following:
a. THROTTLE OPEN “Circ Water Reg – CW1” to obtain an initial reading
of 17-19 psi as read on CW system pressure gauge.
1) PERIODICALLY CHECK the CW system pressure gauge to
ensure pressure is between 15 to 20 psi.
b. VERIFY no leaks exist at the circulating water connections to and from
the model.
1) IF leaks are present, NOTIFY instructor for further guidance.
c. VERIFY circulating water sump pump starts as tank fills.
d. START the Containment Air Recirculation Cooling (CARC) fan.
4.1.2 VERIFY the initial operating conditions of the following components:
• Pressurizer is water solid
• Reactor vessel is water solid
• Passive Accumulator tank level is approximately 1/3 full
• Passive Accumulator tank pressure is approximately 0 psi
• Condenser is 1/3 to 1/2 full
• Quench Tank / RWST is 1/2 to 2/3 full
• Steam Generator “A” Level approximately ½ to 1 inch above tube bundle
• Steam Generator “B” Level approximately ½ to 1 inch above tube bundle
4.1.3 IF any of the initial operating conditions in step 4.1.2 do not exist, ADJUST water
level or pressure as directed by the instructor.

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 V CAUTION V

When pressurizing the passive accumulator, do not exceed 9 psi on “Passive

Accumulator Pressure” gauge. Over pressurization of the passive accumulator could
result in damage to the passive accumulator.

4.1.4 Perform the following to pressurize the passive accumulator:

a. START “Safety Inj Pump - P1”.
b. OPEN “Fill - SI5” valve.
c. WHEN “Passive Accumulator Pressure” gauge indicates 6-8 psi, CLOSE
“Fill - SI5” valve.
d. STOP “Safety Inj Pump - P1”.

- End of Section 4.1 -

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 V CAUTION V
Monitor pressurizer pressure (Red LED) and reactor temperature (F2) during plant
heatup.

NOTE
1. The “Master Display/Controller” Function Keys are as follows:
• F1 – Main Menu/Reactor Coolant Loop hot and cold leg temperatures
• F2 – Pressurizer water, reactor and PORV tailpipe temperatures
• F3 – Main steam and feedwater inlet and outlet temperatures
• F4 – Quench Tank, Circulating Water inlet and outlet, and
Containment temperatures
• F5 – Pressurizer Control
• F6 – Pressurizer Manual Control % Output Control
• F7 – Pressurizer “Manual to Automatic” and “Automatic to Manual”
control mode change
• F8 – Pressurizer Automatic Pressure Control Setpoint
2. When using the “Master Display/Controller,” F1 must be used to return
the display to the “Main Menu” in order to use the F2, F3, F4, F5 and F8.

4.2 Plant Heatup

4.2.1 START “Reactor Coolant Pump – P7”.
4.2.2 START “Reactor Coolant Pump – P6”.
4.2.3 Perform the following to start pressurizer heatup:
a. PRESS F1 then F5 on the “Master Display/Controller”
b. VERIFY 0% output is displayed.
c. VERIFY “Pressurizer Control” is in “MANUAL”
d. PLACE the “Pressurizer Heater” switch in the “ON” position.
e. PRESS F6 On the “Master Display/Controller”
f. ENTER 50% (TYPE in “50” and depress the enter key)
g. VERIFY 50% output is displayed

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 h. PRESS F1 then F2 on the “Master Display/Controller”.

NOTE
To observe pressurizer heater performance, look directly at the pressurizer to
observe the “shimmering” waves of convection currents as the pressurizer
heater begins to heat the water.

V CAUTION V
When the reactor coolant system is solid (no steam bubble in pressurizer), a small
change in temperature could result in a significant change in system pressure.

4.2.4 Perform the following steps to manually control reactor coolant system pressure
during heatup:
a. CLOSE valve RC-15 (manual valve downstream of valve RC-1)
Dual
Verification Performer Verifier (Dual)

b. OPEN valve RC-1 (reactor vent).

1) VERIFY “Pressurizer Pressure” is not decreasing.
2) IF “Pressurizer Pressure” lowers after opening valve RC-1,
PERFORM the following:
a) CLOSE valve RC-1
b) OPEN valve RC-15

Independent Performer Verifier (Independent)

Verification

c) ESTABLISH alternate drain path as directed by instructor

NOTE
1. The “Low System Pressure” alarm will clear when pressurizer
pressure raises above 10 psi.
2. Step 4.2.5 (reactor startup) can be started while plant pressure is
being raised to the pressure band in step 4.2.4.c.

c. WHEN “Pressurizer Pressure” is >10 psi, THROTTLE valve RC-15 as

necessary to maintain pressure between 10 and 13 psi.

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 4.2.5 Initiate reactor startup and heat up of the reactor coolant system as follows:
a. PRESS the “Reactor Trip” push button to reset the reactor trip.
b. VERIFY “Reactor Trip” button red light is not lit and “Reactor Trip”
alarm has cleared.
c. RAISE “Reactor Power” to 10 amperes.
d. WHEN “Pressurizer Water Temperature” is >125oF, RAISE “Reactor
Power” to 18 amperes.

NOTE
The PYREX™ glass that is used for the pressure vessels of the SEE-
THRU Nuclear Power Plant needs to gradually heat up to prevent stress
damage to the glass. There are several hold points during the plant heatup
to allow for thermal equalization of the glass.

4.2.6 WHEN “Reactor Temperature” indication reaches 120°F:

a. LOWER “Reactor Power” to between 6 and 10 amperes.
b. MAINTAIN “Reactor Temperature” at approximately 120°F for >5
minutes.
4.2.7 WHEN the 5-minute temperature hold is complete, RAISE “Reactor Power” to 18
amperes.
4.2.8 WHEN “Reactor Temperature” indication reaches 135°F:
a. LOWER “Reactor Power” to between 6 and 10 amperes.
b. MAINTAIN “Reactor Temperature” at approximately 135°F for >5
minutes.
4.2.9 WHEN the 5-minute temperature hold is complete, RAISE “Reactor Power” to 18
amperes.
4.2.10 WHEN “Reactor Temperature” indication reaches 150°F:
a. LOWER “Reactor Power” to between 6 and 10 amperes.
b. MAINTAIN “Reactor Temperature” at approximately 150°F for >5
minutes.
4.2.11 WHEN the 5-minute temperature hold is complete, RAISE “Reactor Power” to 18
amperes.

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 NOTE
Step 4.2.13 (increasing pressurizer heatup rate) can be performed while
plant pressure is being raised to the pressure band in step 4.2.12.

4.2.12 RAISE “Pressurizer Pressure” to between 17 and 18.5 psi as follows:

a. CLOSE valve RC-15.
b. WHEN “Pressurizer Pressure” is between 17 and 18.5 psi, THROTTLE
RC-15 as necessary to maintain pressure between 17 and 18.5 psi.
4.2.13 RAISE pressurizer heat up rate as follows:
a. PRESS F1 then F5 On the “Master Display/Controller”
b. VERIFY 50% output is displayed.
c. PRESS F6 On the “Master Display/Controller”
d. ENTER 70% (TYPE in “70” and depress the enter key).
e. VERIFY 70% output is displayed.
f. PRESS F1 then F2 on the “Master Display/Controller”
4.2.14 WHEN “Reactor Temperature” indication reaches 180°F, LOWER “Reactor
Power” to between 6 and 10 amperes.

- End of Section 4.2 -

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4.3 Establishing Pressurizer Steam Bubble

V CAUTION V
Do NOT allow pressurizer level to lower to below 40% or pressurizer pressure to
exceed 23 psi.

4.3.1 WHEN “Pressurizer Water” temperature is >250°F:

a. VERIFY “Pressurizer Level” is >50%.
b. SLOWLY OPEN valve RC-15 to create a steam bubble in the pressurizer.
1) WHILE lowering pressurizer level, MAINTAIN pressurizer
pressure above 16 psi.
c. CLOSE valve RC-15 when pressurizer level has lowered to approximately
50%.
d. CYCLE valve “Pressurizer Spray -RC4” as necessary to maintain
pressurizer pressure between 19 and 21 psi.

NOTE
Pressurizer pressure may be momentarily erratic when the “Pressure Control” is
initially placed in “Automatic” mode.

4.3.2 ESTABLISH automatic pressurizer pressure control as follows:

a. PRESS F1 then F5 on the “Master Display/Controller”
b. PRESS F7 to switch from “Manual” to “Automatic” pressure control
mode.
c. IF open, SHUT valve “Pressurizer Spray-RC4”.
d. VERIFY “Pressurizer Pressure” is stable between 19 and 21 psi.
4.3.3 WHEN “Pressurizer Pressure” is stable between 19 and 21 psi:
a. PLACE the “Injection – SI1” key switch to “Normal” (key in vertical
position - ¼ turn COUNTER CLOCKWISE).

b. OPEN valve “Flood – SI2” to create a flow path from the passive
accumulator.
c. VERIFY passive accumulator level and pressure are stable.

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 4.3.4 CLOSE “Reactor Vent” valve RC1.

Independent 4.3.5 FULLY OPEN valve RC-15.

Verification
Performer Verifier (Independent)

a. VERIFY pressurizer level is stable at approximately 50%.

- End of Section 4.3 -

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4.4 Heatup and Secondary Plant Startup

NOTE
Do not allow loop TH (F1) to exceed 242oF.

4.4.1 Perform the following steps to heatup the reactor coolant system:
a. MONITOR reactor coolant loop (F1) and main steam (F3) temperatures
during the plant heat up.
b. RAISE “Reactor Power” to 18 amperes.
4.4.2 WHEN “Loop Temperature” indication reaches 210°F:
a. LOWER “Reactor Power” to between 9 and 11 amperes.
b. MAINTAIN “Loop Temperature” at approximately 210°F for >2 minutes.
c. OPEN valve “Pressurizer Spray – RC4” to initiate pressurizer spray.
d. VERIFY “Pressurizer Pressure” is stable between 19 and 21 psi.

NOTE
Because of its design, starting and stopping the turning gear several times may
be necessary in order to obtain proper rotational direction (counter-clockwise as
viewed from the turbine end).

4.4.3 START the “Turbine Generator Turning Gear”.

4.4.4 IF Steam Generator water levels are greater than 1 inch above the U-tubes,
RAISE “Reactor Power” to 28 amperes.

V CAUTION V
When shutting Feedwater Regulating Valves FW1 and FW2, do not run them
hard into their shut seats. This will damage the valves.

4.4.5 VERIFY the following parameters:

a. Valves “MSIV-MS1” and “MSIV-MS2” are OPEN
b. Valve “Bypass-MS3” (Steam Dump to the Condenser) is OPEN.
c. “Feedwater Regulating Valve” FW1 is CLOSED
d. “Feedwater Regulating Valve” FW2 is CLOSED.

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 e. “Demineralizer Inlet” valve MS-19 is OPEN
f. “Demineralizer Outlet” valve MS-20 is THROTTLED 1/2 OPEN.
g. Condenser water level is 1/3 to 1/2 full.
4.4.6 STARTUP the secondary plant as follows:
a. START “Condensate Pump – P4”.
1) VERIFY “Feedwater System Pressure” raises to between 3 and 10
psi.
2) IF “Feedwater System “Pressure” did NOT raise when condensate
pump was started, NOTIFY instructor that system may be air
bound.
b. START “Feed Pump – P3”.
1) VERIFY “Feedwater System Pressure” raises to between 10 and
15 psi.
2) IF “Feedwater System Pressure” did NOT raise when feed pump
was started, NOTIFY instructor that system may be air bound.
4.4.7 ESTABLISH feedwater flow to the steam generators as follows:
a. OPEN “Feedwater Regulating Valves” FW1 and FW2 to float the rotometer
balls to an initial setting of approximately 5 on the vertical feedwater flow
gauges.
b. THROTTLE, as necessary, FW1 and FW2 to maintain a water level of
approximately ½” to 2” above the S/G U-tubes.
4.4.8 IF not performed previously, RAISE “Reactor Power” to 28 amperes.

CAUTION

The Turbine Generator Turning Gear must be stopped expeditiously after closing
“Bypass-MS3” to avoid damage to the Turbine Generator Turning Gear.

4.4.9 WHEN “Main Steam Pressure” is >1.5 psi on gauge PI-5, perform the following to
startup the steam turbine:
a. OPEN valve “TSV-MS4” (Steam to the Main Turbine).
b. VERIFY “Turbine Trip” annunciator light is NOT lit.
c. CLOSE valve “Bypass-MS3” (Steam Dump to the Condenser).

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 d. IMMEDIATELY STOP the “Turbine Generator Turning Gear”.
e. VERIFY that the Main Turbine is rotating by observing the “ Turbine
Speed” LED.
1) MONITOR “Turbine Speed” to ensure it remains < 3400 RPM.
2) IF turbine speed exceeds 3380 RPM, CYCLE valve “Bypass-MS3”
(Steam Dump to the Condenser) as necessary to maintain turbine
speed <3400 RPM.
f. TURN the black “Turbine Generator Exciter” potentiometer to the fully
counter-clockwise (minimum) position.
g. WHEN “Turbine Speed” exceeds 1800 rpm, TURN “ON” the “Turbine
Generator Exciter” switch.
h. While MONITORING the “Generator Output Power” meter, RAISE the
turbine generator output by turning the “Turbine Generator Exciter”
potentiometer clockwise to its maximum position, not to exceed 750 watts,
as read on the “Generator Output Power” meter.
4.4.10 LOWER “Reactor Power” to 26 amperes.
4.4.11 MAINTAIN the following parameters:
• Reactor Power = 23 to 26 amperes
• Primary Temp = Loop TH <242oF
• Primary Pressure = 19 to 21 psi
• Pressurizer Level = approximately 50%
• Condenser Level = 1/3 to 1/2 full
• S/G Levels = visible level above the U-tubes
• Turbine Speed = < 3400 rpm
• Containment Temp = <180oF

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 V CAUTION V
Do NOT allow the feedwater outlet temperature to exceed 170°F when
performing step 4.4.12.

NOTE
The feedwater heater condensate level should be maintained slightly above the
drain orifice to prevent the steam from bypassing directly to the condenser.

4.4.12 IF desired, perform the following steps to place the feedwater heater in operation:
a. VERIFY “Main Steam Pressure” PI5 is greater than 2 psi.
b. VERIFY CLOSED manual isolation valves MS-9 and MS-16.
c. OPEN valve “Feedwater Supply – MS5.”
d. OPEN valve “Feedwater Heater Drain – MS6.”
e. Slowly OPEN manual valve MS-16 to pressurize the feedwater heater.
f. THROTTLE OPEN feedwater heater drain manual isolation valve MS-9 as
necessary to maintain desired condensate level (about 1/3 full).
g. PRESS F1 then F3 On the “Master Display/Controller” to display
“Feedwater Temperature.”
h. THROTTLE manual isolation valve MS-16 as necessary to maintain
Feedwater Outlet temperature < 170°F.

NOTE
The vacuum pump should NOT be operated continuously for more than 5
minutes. The pump should only run for short periods to demonstrate the
improved efficiency of the steam cycle with a lower condenser vacuum.

4.4.13 IF desired, perform the following steps to place the vacuum pump in operation:
a. OPEN manual isolation valve MS-12.
b. CLOSE manual isolation valve MS-13.
c. START “Vacuum Pump – P5”.
d. VERIFY proper operation by noting a lower in condenser pressure as read
on the “Condenser Vacuum Gauge PI-6.”

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 e. After 5 minutes or less, STOP “Vacuum Pump-P5”.
f. OPEN manual isolation valve MS-13.
g. CLOSE manual isolation valve MS-12.
- End of Section 4.4 -

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