TRAINING REPORT ON:

A report submitted in the partial fulfillment of degree of B.Tech from

Rajasthan Technical University,Kota

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Sam K Varghese Mr.Shailendra Bohra

16EVEME028 Head Of Department

Mechanical Department Mechanical Department

VIET VIET
 INTRODUCTION

AutoCad

AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting software

application. Developed and marketed by Autodesk, AutoCAD was first released
in December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with
internal graphics controllers. Before AutoCAD was introduced, most commercial
CAD programs ran on mainframe computers or minicomputers, with each CAD
operator (user) working at a separate graphics terminal. Since 2010, AutoCAD
was released as a mobile- and web app as well, marketed as AutoCAD 360.
AutoCAD is used in the industry, by architects, project managers, engineers,
graphic designers, city planners and other professionals. It was supported by
750 training centers worldwide in 1994.
HISTORY
AutoCAD was derived from a program that began in 1977, and then released in
1979 called Interact CAD, also referred to in early Autodesk documents as
MicroCAD, which was written prior to Autodesk's (then Marinchip Software
Partners) formation by Autodesk cofounder Michael Riddle.
The first version by Autodesk was demonstrated at the 1982 Comdex and
released that December. AutoCAD supported CP/M-80 computers. As
Autodesk's flagship product, by March 1986 AutoCAD had become the most
ubiquitous CAD program worldwide. The 2020 release marked the 34th major
release of AutoCAD for Windows. The 2019 release marked the ninth
consecutive year of AutoCAD for Mac. The native file format of AutoCAD
is .dwg. This and, to a lesser extent, its interchange file format DXF, have
become de facto, if proprietary, standards for CAD data interoperability,
particularly for 2D drawing exchange. AutoCAD has included support for .dwf, a
format developed and promoted by Autodesk, for publishing CAD data.
Compatibility with other software
ESRI ArcMap 10 permits export as AutoCAD drawing files. Civil 3D permits
export as AutoCAD objects and as LandXML. Third-party file converters exist for
specific formats such as Bentley MX GENIO Extension, PISTE Extension
(France), ISYBAU (Germany), OKSTRA and Microdrainage (UK); also,
 conversion of .pdf files is feasible, however, the accuracy of the results may be
unpredictable or distorted. For example, jagged edges may appear. Several
vendors provide online conversions for free such as Cometdocs.autoCAD
commonly use in all purposes.

Language
Auto CAD and AutoCAD LT are available for English, German, French, Italian,
Spanish, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Brazilian
Portuguese, Russian, Czech, Polish and Hungarian, Albanian(also through
additional language packs). The extent of localization varies from full translation
of the product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command set is localized
as a part of the software localization.
Extensions
AutoCAD supports a number of APIs for customization and automation. These
include AutoLISP, Visual LISP, VBA, .NET and ObjectARX. ObjectARX is
a C++ class library, which was also the base for:

 products extending AutoCAD functionality to specific fields

 creating products such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical,
AutoCAD Civil 3D
 third-party AutoCAD-based application
There are a large number of AutoCAD plugins (add-on applications) available on
the application store Autodesk Exchange Apps AutoCAD's DXF, drawing
exchange format, allows importing and exporting drawing information.

AutoCAD Features
 Storage and accessibility: AutoCAD files can be saved on a computer or
archived in any storage media. Software files occupy lesser storage space as
compared storage space required for keeping manually drafted paper
drawings.Paper drawings also need care and protection from loss or damage
due to floods, fires or other calamities and can get damaged over time..The
software files can also be stored on any cloud storage, from where they are
easily accessible at anytime, from anywhere provided there is an internet
connection.
 3D View: Although it is possible to sketch 3D drawings manually, they are not
as effective and realistic as computer aided drawings. AutoCAD help model 3D
 objects with colors, materials and/or textures applied to various surfaces making
them vivid and easier for the user to visualize the end product.
 Revisions and modifications: Any changes in manually drafted paper
drawings would require the draftsman to draw the drawing again. Since this
involved a lot of effort, the draftsmen just scratched out the older details and
drew new details, resulting loss of older details and also not-to-scale drawings.
CAD has inbuilt tools that allow any number of revisions and changes easily and
quickly. You can edit or delete details easily using simple user-friendly
commands.. You can also save the previous versions of the file in case you wish
to re-use them
 Speed: Creating a drawing in AutoCAD is much faster than drawing manually.
You can also save time and effort by creating re-usable block library. Easy edits
are possible with commands like copy, mirror, stretching, rotate and scale and
many more such commands.
 Accuracy: AutoCAD enables you to draw with fractional dimensions and also
define precision to any number of decimal places, which is not possible to
achieve in hand-drafted manual drawings, hence offering accuracy in all
dimensions.

COMMANDS USED
These are the basic commands that were used during the training period.

It can be used for making simple lines in the drawing.

It is the command used for making a circle in AutoCAD.

PL

This command can be used to make a Polyline in your drawing.

REC

This command will make a rectangle in AutoCAD.

POL

This command can be used to make a polygon with minimum of 3 sides and a
maximum of 1024 sides.
ARC

As the name suggests, this command can be used to make an arc in AutoCAD.

ELLIPSE

As the name suggests, this command can be used to make an ellipse with the
major and minor axis.

REG

This command can be used to make a region geometry in AutoCAD.

CO

This command is used to copy object(s) in AutoCAD.

ARRAY

Using this command you can make Rectangular, polar or Path array.

TR

This command is used for trimming a geometry.

OP

Using this command you can open options window which contains most of the
settings of AutoCAD.

SC

This command is used to change the scale of an object.

This command is used for creating a block, the properties of the block can be
defined using the block definition window.

This command can be used to insert an existing block or a drawing as a block in

AutoCAD.
ST

Using this command you can open text style window which controls properties
of the default AutoCAD text style.

This command can be used to explode objects like Polyline to simple lines, an
array or a block to a simple geometry etc.

This command can be used to add rounded corners to the sharp edges of the
geometry, these round corners are also called fillets.

CHA

This command can be used to add slant edges to the sharp corners, these slant
edges are also called chamfers.

LA

This command can be used to open layer properties manage palette which is a
tool for creating and managing layers in a drawing.

F8

Toggles Ortho mode on/off. When ortho mode is on you can make lines either
horizontally or vertically only.

ADVANTAGES
 AutoCAD software saves a huge time, saving time is equal to earn more
income by more output, It is a simple enough software with the real user
friendly interface, It is easy to grasp and it can provide you the basic
exposure, It is very beneficial in designing 3D, It reduces the time for the
new designs, and the products can be created more quickly.
 AutoCad software is helpful, It has a large set of parts and features that
you can choose for your designs, It offers powerful and quick dimensions,
You can use the simplified tools, you can generate the dimensions to
control and expand only the important variables for manufacturing easily.
 AutoCad software is incorporation for International Drafting
Standards, Compliance with the industry standards improves the internal
communication and the results in reliable production outputs,
 It presents easy data swapping, It comes with in-built industry, standard
STEP and IGES formats for the exchanging data between different CAD
systems.
 AutoCad software comes with specific drafting tools for generating
standards Industry based geometric dimensions, surface texture symbols,
the mechanical symbols and the weld symbols, and AutoCAD firm can
increase their productivity manifold.
 AutoCad software automatically redraws the geometry to illustrate the
dashes and the hidden lines of parts which are blocked by the other parts
in the mechanical design, It enables you to produce very accurate
designs, and drawings can be created in 2D or 3D and rotated.
 AutoCad software offers a professional look, It has flexibility in design
changes, It has auto specification check feature, It has reduced design
timescape, It offers easy reuse of the designs, The costly mistakes in the
design or the production can be avoided, and you can modify the existing
ideas that save the time.
 AutoCad software reduced the manufacturing time, The documentation
can be printed in various forms for multiple users, It presents ease of the
document reproduction and cloning, and it offers the visualization of the
complex technical elements.
 AutoCad software offers the quality of the designs, It presents the clarity of
the documentation, It is easier to apply the new ideas, It can be more
accurate than hand-drawn designs, It reduces the human error, You can
save and edit the ideas, and it makes it easier and cheaper to modify your
design. AutoCad software reduced the design timescales, Reuse of the
designs, The drawing errors can be corrected easily, The drawings can be
sent/received via email in seconds, and AutoCad software offers rapid
prototyping.
 AutoCad software helps the designer to automatically check if the design
is within the specification, It enables the clients to view the designs at an
earlier stage in the design process, and it helps the clients to check the
progress of functional and semi-functional prototypes.

DISADVANTAGES:

 AutoCad software is not so much suited for 3D as it has fewer options,

It can not be used in the complex designs, If you are into the heavy
assembly work don’t rely on this software, It can not be used in Complex
Programming, A large amount of memory and speed is required, Training
and equipment are very costly.
  AutoCad software has expansive start-up costs (the hardware, the
software, and training), Itcan be very expensive, so, the initial costs are
high, There are free software packages though, The people need to be
trained on how to use the software that also adds to the costs, and it
requires a PC.
 AutoCad software needs the time & the cost of implementing the system,
It needs time & cost of training the people to use it, so, It is very expensive
in training, It needs the time & the cost of migrating legacy drawings into
AutoCAD format.
 AutoCad software consumes large amounts of the computer processing
power, It requires high-quality computer hardware that can be costly, It
requires the advanced manufacturing devices which are very expensive,
It is not easy for first-time users to learn the software, In addition to the
cost of training personnel.

APPLICATIONS

 AutoCAD as an architectural planning tool: It comes with a user-interface

with built-in design lay-outs. The lay-outs contain numerous templates
specially designed for architectural planning and building construction. The
latest versions of AutoCAD come with analytical tools. The tools can
analyse the components of the building to troubleshoot stress and load
levels of building supports. AutoCAD enables architects to design, plan,
execute and analyse the strength of a building, at design stage level.
 AutoCAD as an engineering drafting tool: You can use AutoCAD to draw
accurate 2D drawings for any engineering domain and also use AutoCAD
to render to 3D models to help in visualization of the end product. It is
useful for Civil, Mechanical and Electrical systems. It helps engineers to
design, analyse and solve design issues resulting in accurate designs.
 AutoCAD as a graphic design tool: AutoCAD has innate features that
enable users to plan and map out spaces and take advantage of the
space available. It can be used simultaneously with 3D Max and various
other application softwares including animation tools.
 AutoCAD in 3D Printing: For a 3D print of an object, one has to choose the
object, get a virtual 3D representation and then feed it to the 3D printer. A
3D print has its own advantages for designers and this is where AutoCAD
helps them. It ensures file compatibility so that designs can be exported to
various preferred formats.
 AutoCAD in the fashion industry: Every pattern and design of jewellery
does not come by chance; it is the result of careful planning and
 designing. AutoCAD has the tools necessary for planning intricate designs
for manufacture of jewellery, toys and other delicate objects.
 AutoCAD as industrial design tool: AutoCAD helps to reduce
manufacturing costs as it saves time and efforts required for manual
designing.

SOLIDWORKS

SolidWorks is a solid modeling computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-

aided engineering (CAE) computer program that runs on Microsoft Windows.
SolidWorks is published by Dassault Systèmes.

SolidWorks Corporation was founded in December 1993 by Massachusetts

Institute of Technology graduate Jon Hirschtick. Hirschtick used $1 million he
had made while a member of the MIT Blackjack Team to set up the
company.[4] Initially based in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States, Hirschtick
recruited a team of engineers with the goal of building 3D CAD software that
was easy-to-use, affordable, and available on the Windows desktop. Operating
later from Concord, Massachusetts, SolidWorks released its first
product SolidWorks 95, in November 1995.[5][6] In 1997 Dassault, best known for
its CATIACAD software, acquired SolidWorks for $310 million in stock.[5] Jon
Hirschtick stayed on board for the next 14 years in various roles. Under his
leadership, SolidWorks grew to a $100 million revenue company.[7]
SolidWorks currently markets several versions of the SolidWorks CAD software
in addition to eDrawings, a collaboration tool, and DraftSight, a 2D CAD product.
SolidWorks was headed by John McEleney from 2001 to July 2007 and Jeff Ray
from 2007 to January 2011. The current CEO is Gian Paolo Bassi from Jan
2015. Gian Paolo Bassi replaces Bertrand Sicot, who is promoted Vice
President Sales of Dassault Systèmes’ Value Solutions sales channel.
MODELLING TECHNIQUES
SolidWorks is a solid modeler, and utilizes a parametric feature-based approach
which was initially developed by PTC (Creo/Pro-Engineer) to create models and
assemblies. The software is written on Parasolid-kernel.
Parameters refer to constraints whose values determine the shape or geometry
of the model or assembly. Parameters can be either numeric parameters, such
as line lengths or circle diameters, or geometric parameters, such as tangent,
parallel, concentric, horizontal or vertical, etc. Numeric parameters can be
associated with each other through the use of relations, which allows them to
capture design intent.
Design intent is how the creator of the part wants it to respond to changes and
updates. For example, you would want the hole at the top of a beverage can to
stay at the top surface, regardless of the height or size of the can. SolidWorks
allows the user to specify that the hole is a feature on the top surface, and will
then honor their design intent no matter what height they later assign to the can.
Features refer to the building blocks of the part. They are the shapes and
operations that construct the part. Shape-based features typically begin with a
2D or 3D sketch of shapes such as bosses, holes, slots, etc. This shape is then
extruded or cut to add or remove material from the part. Operation-based
features are not sketch-based, and include features such as fillets, chamfers,
shells, applying draft to the faces of a part, etc.
Building a model in SolidWorks usually starts with a 2D sketch (although 3D
sketches are available for power users). The sketch consists of geometry such
as points, lines, arcs, conics (except the hyperbola), and splines. Dimensions
are added to the sketch to define the size and location of the geometry.
Relations are used to define attributes such as tangency, parallelism,
perpendicularity, and concentricity. The parametric nature of SolidWorks means
that the dimensions and relations drive the geometry, not the other way around.
The dimensions in the sketch can be controlled independently, or by
relationships to other parameters inside or outside of the sketch.
In an assembly, the analog to sketch relations are mates. Just as sketch
relations define conditions such as tangency, parallelism, and concentricity with
respect to sketch geometry, assembly mates define equivalent relations with
respect to the individual parts or components, allowing the easy construction of
assemblies. SolidWorks also includes additional advanced mating features such
as gear and cam follower mates, which allow modeled gear assemblies to
accurately reproduce the rotational movement of an actual gear train.
Finally, drawings can be created either from parts or assemblies. Views are
automatically generated from the solid model, and notes, dimensions and
tolerances can then be easily added to the drawing as needed. The drawing
module includes most paper sizes and standards
(ANSI, ISO, DIN, GOST, JIS, BSI and SAC).
FILE FORMAT
SolidWorks files (previous to version 2015) use the Microsoft Structured
Storage file format. This means that there are various files embedded within
each SLDDRW (drawing files), SLDPRT (part files), SLDASM (assembly files)
file, including preview bitmaps and metadata sub-files. Various third-party tools
(see COM Structured Storage) can be used to extract these sub-files, although
the subfiles in many cases use proprietary binary file formats.
FEATURES
1. NEW 3D TEXTURE TOOL

 Convert patterns from an image file into 3D geometry automatically

 Output mesh geometry directly for downstream manufacturing processes
 New slicer feature provides workflows to develop solid geometry from
mesh models

2. IMPROVED EDITING WITH LARGE ASSEMBLY TOOLS

 Large Design Review (LDR) mode now supports a number of editing

actions
 Access and edit mates, add and remove components, and change
configurations
 While seeing excellent system performance, leverage magnetic mates and
reference geometry for a quick layout of large facilities and plants

3. ENHANCED GRAPHICAL PERFORMANCE

 SOLIDWORKS 2019 takes advantage of the latest graphics card

technology for GPU processing of a graphical display
 Manipulate large assemblies without experiencing delays or compromising
visual quality.
 Similar technology powers the new AI Denoiser in SOLIDWORKS
Visualize

4. MODEL-BASED DEFINITION (MBD) FOR SHEET METAL PARTS

 SOLIDWORKS MBD outputs now capture sheet metal bend notes, flat
patterns, and bend tables (requires SOLIDWORKS MBD)
 Assembly-level PMI is now available for all SOLIDWORKS users, and PMI
for parts and assemblies can be imported into SOLIDWORKS Composer
 Also allows secure password-protected 3D PDF creation with control over
printing, copying and
5. IMPROVED TOPOLOGY STUDY CONSTRAINTS FOR GENERATIVE
DESIGN

 Perform generative part design considering strength, stiffness, and now

frequency constraints
 Design optimal geometry to meet product performance goals, with more
input options
 Leverage mesh modeling tools in SOLID- WORKS to prepare generative
designs for additive manufacturing processes

6. ENHANCED EDRAWINGS OUTPUT FORMATS

 eDrawings Viewer now includes measure, markup, comment capability

 Improved performance, including support for GPU processing
 eDrawings Pro enables direct export to 3D HTML, as well as formats to
support AR/VR devices

7. DIRECT 3D MARKUP TOOLS

 Add markup and notes directly to your 3D model

 Support for pen and touch interfaces for quick and natural design
commenting
 Markup views are saved with the file and are accessible to all members of
your design community

8. NEW CHAMFER AND FILLET CREATION OPTIONS


 Create partial chamfers and fillets along a portion of an edge
 Control fillet and chamfer creation with handy graphical controls
 Also in a part model, avoid errors by performing interference detection on
multi-body parts

9. ENHANCED MANUFACTURING EFFICIENCY WITH SOLIDWORKS CAM

 Define multiple manufacturing setups and take advantage of the power of

configurations
 More control of feed-in/out and hole start and end positions for machining
operations
 Manual adjustment of machining features using the “Move” command
 10. REMOVED SECTION VIEWS IN DRAWINGS

 Quickly create a section view at a slice through a model without needed

construction geometry
 Also in drawings, directly add GD&T and other tolerance information to
dimension text
 BOM exports include graphical preview images of part geometry for better
communication

TOOLS

 Arcs
 Circles
 Ellipses
Use the Ellipse tool to create a complete ellipse. Use the Partial
Ellipse tool to create an elliptical arc.
 Sketching Lines
 Centerlines
Use centerlines to create symmetrical sketch elements and revolved features,
or as construction geometry. You can create multiple radial or diametric
dimensions without selecting the centerline each time.
 Sketching Infinite Lines
 Midpoint Line
You can create a line that is symmetrical from the midpoint of the line.
 Line Properties PropertyManager - 2D
Controls the following properties of a sketched 2D line.
 Insert Line PropertyManager - 2D
Enables you to sketch multiple 2D lines. For each 2D line you sketch, you can
select different combinations of settings under Orientation, Options,
or Parameters.
 Sketching Parabolas
 Conics
 The Conic tool lets you sketch conic curves driven by endpoints and Rho
value. Depending on the Rho value, the curve can be elliptical, parabolic, or
hyperbolic.
 Sketching Points
Insert points into sketches and drawings.
 Arc and Circle Segments
You can use the Segment tool to create equal length segments in arcs and
circles.
 Equidistant Points and Segments
You can create equidistant points or segments in sketch entities such as
splines, parabolas, ellipses, partial ellipses, and conics.
 Sketching Polygons
Create equilateral polygons with any number of sides between 3 and 40.
 Equation Driven Curves
 Using RapidSketch
RapidSketch allows you to select planar faces or planes, and with any sketch
tool active, start to sketch. As you move to each planar face, a plane is
created and a sketch is opened. You can change sketch tools midstream.
 Rectangles

 Sketch Fillets
The Sketch Fillet tool trims away the corner at the intersection of two sketch
entities to create a tangent arc. This tool is available for both 2D and 3D
sketches. The Fillet tool on the Features toolbar fillets entities such as edges
in parts.
 Sketch Chamfers
The Sketch Chamfer tool applies a chamfer to adjacent sketch entities in 2D
and 3D sketches. This tool is available for both 2D and 3D sketches.
The Chamfer tool on the Features toolbar chamfers entities such as edges in
parts.
 Offset Entities
 Offset one or more sketch entities, selected model edges, or model faces by
a specified distance. For example, you can offset sketch entities such as
splines or arcs, sets of model edges, loops, and so on.
 Convert Entities
You can create one or more curves in a sketch by projecting an edge, loop,
face, curve, or external sketch contour, set of edges, or set of sketch curves
onto the sketch plane.
You can extract iso-parametric (UV) curves from a face or surface.
Applications of this functionality include extracting the curves for imported
surfaces and then performing localized cleanup using the face curves.
 Trim Entities
Select the trim type based on the entities you want to trim or extend. All trim
types are available with 2D sketches and 2D sketches on 3D planes.
 Extend Entities
You can add to the length of a sketch entity (line, centerline, or arc).
Use Extend Entities to extend a sketch entity to meet another sketch entity.
 Split Entities
You can split a sketch entity to create two sketch entities. Conversely, you
can delete a split point to combine two sketch entities into a single sketch
entity. Use two split points to split a circle, full ellipse, or a closed spline.
 Jogging Sketch Lines
You can jog sketch lines in 2D or 3D sketches in part, assembly, and drawing
documents. Jog lines are automatically constrained to be parallel or
perpendicular to the original sketch line.
 Make Path
Use the Make Path tool to create machine design layout sketches. For
example, you can model cam profiles where the tangent relation between the
cam and a follower automatically transitions as the cam rotates. A path
enables you to create a tangent relation between a chain of sketch entities
and another sketch entity.
 Construction Geometry
You can convert sketch entities in a sketch or drawing to construction
geometry. Construction geometry is used only to assist in creating the sketch
 entities and geometry that are ultimately incorporated into the part.
Construction geometry is ignored when the sketch is used to create a feature.
Construction geometry uses the same line style as centerlines.
 Mirror Entities
Select Mirror Entities to mirror pre-existing 2D sketch entities on a plane,
and then select the entity about which to mirror. If you want to first select the
entity about which to mirror, and then sketch the entities to mirror,
select Dynamic Mirror Entities .
 Dynamic Mirror Sketch Entities
Select the Dynamic Mirror Entities tool to first select the entity about which to
mirror, and then sketch the entities to mirror.
 Move, Copy, Rotate, Scale, or Stretch Entities
Move, copy, replace, rotate, scale, or stretch entities in sketches and
drawings with the Move-Copy-Rotate-Scale-Stretch PropertyManager.
 Align Grid/Origin PropertyManager
By default, the origin of a block is aligned to the orientation of the sketch
entity. Use Align Grid/Origin to re-orient the coordinate system of a sketch or
block if they are not in the desired orientation.

ADVANTAGES
1. User friendly (Easy to learn)
2. Integrated to different other software's like SOLID CAM, ANSYS. (Direct
import and export of the file can be done easily)
3. Complex motion analysis can be done.
4. Realistic rendering can be obtained but not that good as Catia.
5. Complex surfaces can be Designed and their patterns can be viewed.
6. A proper estimation of Cost report and durability of the given product can
be obtained.
7. Weldments is an additional added feature then other software's

DISADVANTAGES

1. Few modules like Ergonomics is still missing.

2. Drawing and drafting particular product is still to basic level.
 APPLICATIONS
The Solidworks have wide range of applications in industries such as

 Aerospace
 Defense
 Automotive
 Transportation
 Machinery
 Heavy Equipment
 Consumer products
 Mold & Tools design
 Electronics
 Sheet metal work
 Process Plant
 Energy conservation
 Construction
 Medical tools
 Product design and other engineering services.

It helps to design various products and services, testing them in very cost
effective way like Model and prototype testing as you learned earlier in
engineering degree class.

The DSS Solidworks Corp also develops other software products, which is very
much helped in various sections of engineers especially for Mechanical. They
are 3D CAD, Simulation, Product Data management, Technical communication,
Electrical design and 3Dexperince. This CAD modeler is not limited to
mechanical engineers; other engineering streams (Especially for Electrical &
Civil) and product designers can convert new product ideas into reality.