3-Phase Ac Motor Monitoring and Parameter Calculation Using Labview and Daq
3-Phase Ac Motor Monitoring and Parameter Calculation Using Labview and Daq
ABSTRACT
3-phase AC motor monitoring and parameter calculation using lab VIEW is the project which
makes use of lab VIEW to monitor and control operation of the electrical machine. The real time
variables of electrical machine are measured and given to lab VIEW through DAQ. Lab VIEW allows
us to program as per our requirements. We continuously observe the operating voltage and current of
the motor and trip the circuit if the motor exceeds a safe value. A comparison has been made such that
the voitage or current above safe value would turn on an LED emitting red light. When the light glows,
a digital signal of 5V is generated at the selected line on DAQ. This 5V is drawn into the relay
arrangement, which is used to energized itself and trip the contact, hence isolating the machine from
the main supply.s A Data Acquisition Card (DAQ) is used to perform the core of the control action by
switching on the relay. The DAQ, USB 6009 is selected for this project. In order to provide precise
input voltages to the DAQ, such that change in each volt of voltage or amp of current is observable;
the current is read to the DAQ through current sensor. A suitable logic using is written into the DAQ
in the Lab VIEW. Observing the voltages that are obtained from the step down transformer the relay is
operated. When the voltage or current exceeds its operating range the relay is operated
I. INTRODUCTION
A three-phase power supply provides a rotating magnetic field in an induction motor. In both induction and
synchronous motors, the AC power supplied to the motor's stator creates a magnetic field that rotates in time
with the AC oscillations. Whereas a synchronous motor's rotor turns at the same rate as the stator field, an
induction motor's rotor rotates at a slower speed than the stator field. The induction motor stator's magnetic field
is therefore changing or rotating relative to the rotor. This induces an opposing current in the induction motor's
rotor, in effect the motor's secondary winding, when the latter is short-circuited or closed through an external
impedance. The rotating magnetic flux induces currents in the windings of the rotor; in a manner similar to
currents induced in transformer's secondary windings. These currents in turn create magnetic fields in the rotor
that react against the stator field. Due to Lenz's Law, the direction of the magnetic field created will be such as
to oppose the change in current through the windings. The cause of induced current in the rotor is the rotating
stator magnetic field, so to oppose this the rotor will start to rotate in the direction of the rotating stator magnetic
field. The rotor accelerates until the magnitude of induced rotor current and torque balances the applied load.
Since rotation at synchronous speed would result in no induced rotor current, an induction motor always
operates slower than synchronous speed. The difference between actual and synchronous speed or slip varies
from about 0.5 to 5% for standard Design B torque curve induction motors. The induction machine's essential
character is that it is created solely by induction instead of being separately excited as in synchronous or DC
machines or being self-magnetized as in permanent magnet motors.
For these currents to be induced, the speed of the physical rotor must be lower than that of the
stator's rotating magnetic field ( ), or the magnetic field would not be moving relative to the rotor conductors
and no currents would be induced. As the speed of the rotor drops below synchronous speed, the rotation rate of
the magnetic field in the rotor increases, inducing more current in the windings and creating more torque. The
ratio between the rotation rate of the magnetic field as seen by the rotor (slip speed) and the rotation rate of the
stator's rotating field is called slip. Under load, the speed drops and the slip increases enough to create sufficient
torque to turn the load. For this reason, induction motors are sometimes referred to as asynchronous motors. An
induction motor can be used as an induction generator, or it can be unrolled to form the linear induction motor
which can directly generate linear motion.
4.1.PROBLEM DEFINITION
The aim of the paper is to monitor the 3 phase ac motor so that when over voltages or under voltage
and over current or under current occur in motor, the motor can disconnects from the supply.
The problem is that there are many undesirable things that happen to electric motors and other electrical
equipment as a result of operating a power system in an over voltage manner. Operating a motor beyond its
nominal range of its voltage requirements will reduce its efficiency and cause premature failure.
The problem with low voltage in motor can cause high currents and overheating which will subsequently
shorten motor life. Too low voltage can also reduce the motor’s ability to get started and its values of pull-up
and pull-out torque. The problem with over current in motor has many symptoms and can eventually lead to
permanent damage to the motor or electrical device. A few of the symptoms of overcurrent in a motor are shorts,
blown fuses and unintended switching on and off of the motor.The problems with over voltage, under voltage
and over current can overcome by monitoring ac motor using NI-LabVIEW and DAQ.
V. SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
5.1.BLOCK DIAGRAM
Analog
Analog Step down transformer
DAQ
Analog Step down transformer Analog PC
Analog Analog Analog
Current sensor Analog
Analog
POWER SUPPLY
Fig 1.2: Monitoring of motor using DAQ Fig 2.1: Block Diagram of 3 Phase Ac
Motor Monitoring
5.2. DESCRIPTION
5.3.PHASE AC MOTOR
An induction or asynchronous motor is an AC motor in which all electromagnetic energy is
transferred by inductive coupling from a primary winding to a secondary winding, the two windings being
separated by an air gap. In three-phase induction motors, that are inherently self-starting, energy transfer is
usually from the stator to either a wound rotor or a short-circuited squirrel cage rotor. Three-phase cage rotor
induction motors are widely used in industrial drives because they are rugged, reliable and economical. Single-
phase induction motors are also used extensively for smaller loads. Although most AC motors have long been
used in fixed-speed load drive service, they are increasingly being used in variable-frequency drive (VFD)
service, variable-torque centrifugal fan, pump and compressor loads being by far the most important energy
saving applications for VFD service. Squirrel cage induction motors are most commonly used in both fixed-
speed and VFD applications.
5.4.CURRENT SENSOR
Components used in designing the circuit
Hall Effect Base Linear Current Sensor
5.5.Functional Description
The Winson WCS2720 provides economical and precise solution for both DC and AC current
sensing in industrial, commercial and communications systems. The unique package allows for easy
implementation by the customer. Typical applications include motor control, load detection and management,
over-current fault detection and any intelligent power management system etc…
The WCS2720 consists of a precise, low-temperature drift linear hall sensor IC with temperature
compensation circuit and a current path with 0.4 mΩ typical internal conductor resistance. This extremely low
resistance can effectively reduce power loss, operating temperature and increase the reliability greatly. Applied
current flowing through this conduction path generates a magnetic field which is sensed by the integrated Hall
IC and converted into a proportional voltage. The terminals of the conductive path are electrically isolated from
the sensor leads. This allows the WCS2720 current sensor to be used in applications requiring electrical
isolation without the use of opto-isolators or other costly isolation techniques and make system more
competitive in cost.
Fig: 2.4.Functional Block Of Current Sensor Fig : 2 .5 . V - I C ha r ect e r ist ic s O f C urr ent
Se nso r
NI USB – 6009
Features
8 analog inputs (14-bit, 48 kS/s)
2 analog outputs (12-bit, 150 S/s); 12 digital I/O; 32-bit counter
Bus-powered for high mobility; built-in signal connectivity
Compatible with LabVIEW, LabWindows/CVI, and Measurement Studio for Visual Studio .NET
Description
The NI USB – 6009 provides connection to eight single-ended analog input (AI) channels, two analog
output (AO) channels, 12 digital input/output (DIO) channels, and a 32-bit counter with a full-speed USB
interface. The National Instruments USB-6009 provides basic data acquisition functionality for applications
such as simple data logging, portable measurements, and academic lab experiments. It is affordable for student
use and powerful enough for more sophisticated measurement applications.
Of DAQ
NI Lab VIEW is software where all the code is implemented and interfacing of DAQ is done.
Lab VIEW is a graphical programming environment used by millions of engineers and scientists
to develop sophisticated measurement, test, and control systems using intuitive graphical icons and wires that
resemble a flowchart. It offers unrivaled integration with thousands of hardware devices and provides hundreds
of built-in libraries for advanced analysis and data visualization – all for creating virtual instrumentation. The
Lab VIEW platform is scalable across multiple targets and OSs, and, since its introduction in 1986, it has
become an industry leader. The programming that is done in this Lab VIEW software is mainly Graphical
Programming that is Program with drag-and-drop, graphical function blocks instead of writing lines of text.
The representation is mainly Dataflow Representation which is easily developed, maintain, and understand
code with an intuitive flowchart representation.
Lab VIEW is the center piece of graphical system design and provides engineers and scientists
with the tools you need to create and deploy measurement and control systems. You can get more done in less
time with Lab VIEW through its unique graphical programming environment; built-in engineering-specific
libraries of software functions and hardware interfaces; and data analysis, visualization, and sharing features.
You can bring your vision to life with Lab VIEW. Through a world-class ecosystem of partners and technology
alliances, a global and active user community, and consistent annual releases, you can have the confidence to
continually innovate. Lab VIEW makes complex control simple and accessible.
Lab VIEW makes us better because code reuse saves time and effort because one of the most
efficient ways to shorten development time is through code reuse. By taking advantage of existing code,
whether it has already been written or is part of a resource library, developers and domain experts can focus on
their applications rather than committing valuable time and resources to programming. Lab VIEW is an ideal
platform for prototyping, designing, and deploying high-quality products to market fast. You can use one
development environment to quickly iterate on your embedded hardware and software designs and then reuse
the best parts in a final product.
VI. SYSTEM DESIGN
6.1.HARDWARE
Designing of this system is possible when you select the specific device and software to suite.
For this we selected NI USB – 6009, DAQ device and NI LabVIEW software. With the help of these, 3-phase
ac motor monitoring can be implemented successfully with the help of sensor technology. To the DAQ we
connected sensor circuit. Whenever the motor getting started, sensors detect the voltage and current of the ac
motor and sends the signal to computer (LabVIEW) through DAQ device. Based on the voltage and
current(Low, Medium and High), the motor operated through relay circuit.
6.2.HARDWARE SCHEMATIC
Description
DAQ (NI USB – 6009) is connected through the USB port of a computer. In this project we
are using only the analog pins of the device. It has a total of 12 analog I/O ports. The output port of each sensor
is connected to the each port of the DAQ in a sequence in order to avoid complexity in connections. The
connections are made sequentially so that while interfacing the DAQ to the LabVIEW order of sensors may be
understood easily.
The power supply to the DAQ is through the USB of the computer. It has two positive voltage
pins i.e., one +2.5V and other 5V. sensors are connected to the +5V supply through connectors as shown. The
ground terminal of each IR Transceiver is connected to the GND pin of the DAQ.
6.7. SOFTWARE
Software used: NI LabVIEW (2011 version, 32-bit)
Opening a New VI from a Template
LabVIEW provides built-in template VIs that include the subVIs, functions, structures, and
front panel objects we need to get started building common measurement applications. Complete the following
steps to create a VI that generates a signal and displays it in the front panel window.
1. Launch LabVIEW.
2. In the Getting Started window, click the New or VI from Template link to display the New dialog box.
3. From the Create New list, select VI»From Template»Tutorial (Getting Started)»Generate and Display.
This template VI generates and displays a signal.
4. Click the OK button to create a VI from the template. We also can double-click the name of the template VI
in the Create New list to create a VI from a template. LabVIEW displays two windows: the front panel
window and the block diagram window.A preview and a brief description of the template VI appear in the
Description section. Figure below shows the new dialog box and the preview of the Generate and Display
template VI.
5. Examine the front panel window. The user interface, or front panel, appears with a gray
background and includes controls and indicators. The title bar of the front panel indicates
that this window is the front panel for the Generate and Display VI.
Note If the front panel is not visible, we can display the front panel by
selecting Window»Show Front Panel. We also can switch between the front panel
window and block diagram window at any time by pressing the <Ctrl-E> keys. The <Ctrl>
8. Stop the VI by clicking the front panel STOP button, shown at left.
[1] Display the front panel and run the VI. The VI runs once and then stops. The front panel does not have a
stop button.
[2] Display the block diagram.
[3] Click the Search button, shown at left, on the Functions palette, and enter while in the text box.
LabVIEW searches as we type the first few letters and display any matches in the search results text box.
If there are objects with the same name, use the information in the brackets to the right of each object
name to decide which object to select. Some objects are located on multiple palettes because we can use
them for multiple applications.
[4] Double-click While Loop <<Execution Control>> to display the Execution Control subpalette and
temporarily highlight the While Loop on the subpalette.
[5] Select the While Loop on the Execution Control palette.
[6] Move the cursor to the upper left corner of the block diagram. Click and drag the cursor diagonally to
enclose all the Express VIs and wires, as shown in Figure.
[7] Release the mouse to place the While Loop around the Express VIs and wires.
[8] The While Loop, shown at left, appears with a STOP button wired to the
conditional terminal. This While Loop is configured to stop when the user clicks the
STOP button.
[9] Display the front panel and run the VI. The VI now runs until you click the STOP button. A While Loop
executes the VIs and functions inside the loop until the user clicks the STOP button.
[10] Click the STOP button and save the VI.
[1] On the block diagram, search for the Time Delay Express VI, shown at left, on the Functions palette and
place it inside the While Loop. We can use the Time Delay Express VI to control the execution rate of the
VI.
[2] Enter 0.25 in the Time delay (seconds) text box. This time delay specifies how fast the loop runs. With a
0.25 second time delay, the loop iterates once every quarter of a second.
[3] Click the OK button to save the current configuration and close the Configure Time Delay dialog box.
[4] Display the front panel and run the VI.
[5] Click the Enable switch and examine the change on the graph. If the Enable switch is on, the graph
displays the reduced signal. If the Enable switch is off, the graph does not display the reduced signal.
[6] Click the STOP button to stop the VI.
[6] In the DAQ Assistant dialog box, click the OK button to save the current configuration and close the DAQ
Assistant.
[7] Display the front panel and run the VI. First Voltage Reading appears in the waveform graph plot legend.
[8] Save the VI.
[9] Editing an NI-DAQmx Task
i. You can add a channel to the task so you can compare two separate voltage readings.
[10] You also can customize the task to acquire the voltage readings continuously.
[11] Complete the following steps to add a new channel to the task and acquire data continuously.
1. In the block diagram window, double-click the DAQ Assistant Express VI to open the DAQ Assistant.
2. Click the Add Channels button, shown at left, and select Voltage to display the Add Channels To Task
dialog box.
3. Select any unused physical channel in the Supported Physical Channels list, and click the OK button to
return to the DAQ Assistant.
4. Rename the channel Second Voltage Reading.
5. In the Timing Settings section of the Configuration page, select Continuous Samples from the
Acquisition Mode pull-down menu. When you set timing and triggering options in the DAQ Assistant,
these options apply to all the channels in the list of channels.
6. Click the OK button to save the current configuration and close the DAQ Assistant. The Confirm Auto
Loop Creation dialog box appears.
7. Click the Yes button. LabVIEW places a While Loop around the DAQ Assistant Express VI and the graph
indicator on the block diagram. A stop button appears wired to the stop input of the DAQ Assistant Express
VI. The stopped output of the Express VI is wired to the conditional terminal of the While Loop. The block
diagram should appear similar to Figure.
8. If an error occurs or you click the stop button while the VI is running, the DAQ Assistant Express VI stops
reading data and the stopped output returns a TRUE value and stops the While Loop.
Connect the current sensors in series with the each phase of the 3- phase ac motor.
Place the IC for supplying constant 5v to energise the current sensor.
All those arrangements placed on the pcb for convenient purpose.
Connections are made to DAQ as shown in the hardware schematic. Use a common pin for ground and
+5V supply.
Connections should be made carefully such that there is no interference of connections in between.
PROGRAMMING
LabVIEW is a graphical user interface language where we can drag and drop the code instead of writing
The code design for this project is shown below.
Sub VI for calculate voltage used in the above code is shown below
Sub VI for calculate current used in the above code is shown below
o Select function: Returns the value wired to the t input or f input, depending on the value of s. If s is TRUE,
this function returns the value wired to t. If s is FALSE, this function returns the value wired to f. The
connector pane displays the default data types for this polymorphic function.
o
Fig 4.7: Acquring signals through DAQ Fig 4.8: Selection of Ports in DAQ
[1] On the first screen, select Acquire Signals and then Digital Input for the Measurement Type.
[2] Next, select line input.
[3] The next screen lets the user to select the physical channel (or channels) for which the task is being created.
All supported data acquisition hardware devices should appear in the tree control, and the user can expand
them to view a list of the physical channels that can be selected for the task. To select more than one
channel, hold down the Ctrl button while clicking on the channel names.
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3-Phase Ac Motor Monitoring And Parameter…
RESULTS
Results include the successful operation of 3 phase Ac motor monitoring and parameter calculation. Whenever
the motor exceeds its ratings the pc detects and the signal is acquired by the DAQ. Based on the voltage and
current rating i.e., low, medium, and high, voltage and current rating is set.
Screen 4.5:Waveform of voltage Fig 4.9:Motor VI with DAQ assistance Screen 4.6:Front panal
of output VI of 3-phase ac motor
7.1.CONCLUSION
The protection of 3-phase ac motor is largely dependent on the modern ways of power supply and
control. Advanced power technologies and control system contribute to the improvement of the motor
efficiency. we designed a system by which the motor voltage and current controlled automatically based upon
the supply. If motor exceeds its rating the motor will shut down automatically by switching the relay. So it
protect the motor from the damage. So the motor gives good efficiency and efficient voltage and current
waveforms. So it saves money and time. By comparing with normal operation of motor it will
measure all the parameters easily and efficiently. It will helpful to the industrial management.
7.2.FUTURE SCOPE
The 3 phase Ac motor monitoring system should be programmed and necessary circuitry added
to operate the motor in normal condition. The monitoring of 3 phase ac motor can be used in industrial purpose.
The control of ac motor is necessary for the continuous operation of motor. FEEDBACK CONTROL LOOPS
are implemented to increase dynamical performance or precision of scientific and industrial equipment. The
basic principle of such loops is to take into account actual measurements in order to compute appropriate
actuations that adjust the operational conditions to meet given requirements. Motion control and process control
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3-Phase Ac Motor Monitoring And Parameter…
are two major application areas of this paradigm. Due to this broad application field and its interdisciplinary
nature, Automatic Control is a fundamental subject usually taught in many engineering disciplines, such as
electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering. Implementing a complete control solution from scratch
requires knowledge not only of the matter studied but also of the different technologies needed to interface the
real process such as sensors and actuators, to the computer used to conduct the experiment.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Electrical machines by "P.S.BIMBRA”
[2] Electrical machines by “J.B.GUPTHA”
[3] Douglas Lewin& David Protheroe (1992), Design of Logic Systems, 2ndEdition, Chapman and Hall, London.
[4] Pallas-Areny, R., Webster, J., 2001, “Sensors and Signal Conditioning”,John Wiley & Sons.
[5] http://www.enggjournals.com/ijcse/doc/IJCSE12-04-09-070.pdf
[6] http://ethesis.nitrkl.ac.in/3836/2/FINAL_DOC.pdf
[7] http://www.ni.com/dataacquisition/nidaqmx.htm
[8] http://sine.ni.com/ds/app/doc/p/id/ds-218/lang/en
BIOGRAPHY
Dr. K.Ravichandrudu obtained his M.Tech and Ph.D from S.V.University and Prasently Working as Professor of EEE in Krishnaveni Engg
College/Women.His area of interest are in Electrical Machines and Power systems.
P.Suman Pramod Kumar Obtained his B.Tech from N.B.K.R.I.S.T, S.V. University and M.Tech from Bharath Institute of Higher Education
& Research, Chennai. Prasently Working as Associate Professor of EEE in Chadalawada Ramanamma Engg College, Tirupathi. His Area of
Interest are in AC Machines, Control Systems & Power system Stability.
YN. Vijay Kumar persuing his Ph.D from JNTU Kakinada and prasently working as Associate Professor of EEE in S.V.C.E.T, Chittor.
His Area of Interest are in Power system and Electrical Machines.
C.Praveen Kumar obtained his M.Tech From S.V.P.C.E.T, Puttur and Prasently working as Assistant Professor of EEE in Chadalawada
Ramanamma Engg College, Tirupathi. His area of Interest are in Electrical Machines and Electromagnetic fields.