ACPWM Control For Induction Motor: Krunal Dabhi, Mehul Patel Kaushal Barot
ACPWM Control For Induction Motor: Krunal Dabhi, Mehul Patel Kaushal Barot
1
P.G. Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Gokul Global University,
Sidhpur, Gujarat, India.
2
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Gokul Global
University, Sidhpur, Gujarat, India.
3
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Gokul Global
University, Sidhpur, Gujarat, India.
ABSTRACT: This research aims to develop a new speed control method for a single-
phase ac induction motor. It provides a low-cost, high-efficiency drive capable of
supplying a PWM modulated sinusoidal voltage to a single-phase ac induction motor. An
8051-family microprocessor controls the circuit operation.
The device is intended to replace the commonly used triac phase angle control drives. The
circuit may power a single- phase alternating current induction motor (or a broader
alternating current inductive/resistive load) with variable alternating current voltage. The
voltage provided to the load, like in triac control, can be changed from zero to maximum
value. It, on the other hand, employs a pulse width modulation (PWM) approach, which,
when contrasted to the phase angle control utilized for triacs, yields.
I. INTRODUCTION
Induction motors are widely utilised in industrial, commercial, and household
applications. It is employed in a variety of applications due to the motor's low cost and
great efficiency. Broad speed range and toughness. Because of their simple and sturdy
construction without a mechanical commutator, AC machines are more useful than DC
machines in most applications today. Residential washing machines, fans, and car window
lifts, as well as traction control systems and other industrial drives, are all examples of
motor control applications.
The use of induction motors fed by static frequency inverters is rapidly expanding in many
industrial applications. As a result, the electric motor is the most significant component.
A full manufacturing unit consists of three basic components: a working machine, a
gearbox device, and an electric motor. An electric motor provides power. The transmitting
device delivers power from the electric motor to the driven. The electric motor is
characterised as a single alternating current (AC) motor. In this project, a microcontroller-
based system is used to regulate the speed of an induction motor using the pulse width
modulation technique. When an alternating current motor is linked to an alternating
current line, its speed is fixed.
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In many applications, the motor speed must now be changed. As a result, the pulse width
modulation technology is more efficient and gives a greater level of performance. The
frequency of the motor can be changed to modify its speed. An induction motor is
analogous to a polyphase transformer with a shorted secondary. As a result, at typical
supply voltage, as in transformers, the initial current Laken by the primary is quite
substantial for a brief period of time. In contrast to DC motors, high starting current is
caused by the absence of back emf. When an induction motor is turned on directly from
the power source, it consumes 5 to 7 times its full bad current and produces only 1.5 to
2.5 times its full bad torque. This high beginning current causes a significant voltage drop
in the line, which can interfere with the operation of other devices connected to the same
line. As a result, starting induction motors with greater ratings (usually above 25kW)
straight from the power source is not recommended.
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In this study, a novel speed control method for single-phase AC induction motors is tested.
It has low-cost, high- efficiency drives that can deliver PWM-modulated sinusoidal
voltage to a single-phase induction motor. A microcontroller from the 8051 family
controls the operation of the circuit. The gadget aims to replace frequently employed
TRIAC phase angle control drives. The circuit can provide an induction motor (either an
inductive or resistive load) with a single phase and variable AC voltage.
Similar to this, after converting into de and filtering, power electronics components like
OPTO isolators and IGBTs are powered up directly through 220V ac. The collector,
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Webology (ISSN: 1735-188X)
Volume 17, Number 1, 2020
emitter, and gate are the three terminals of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor).
This transistor enters conduction mode and current flows from collector to emitter when
the gate is activated via PWM. PWM is produced by the pic microcontroller, which is
programmed in the c programming language using the microbe software. The
microprocessor, which controls the duty ratio of the PWM wave more effectively and
intelligently, is the system's primary controller. The OPTO isolator, which provides the
logic high or low signal to the IGBT gate, is directly connected to this microcontroller.
Galvanic isotron is additionally provided by OPTO isolator. A bush button has been
employed in this ACPWM control system for induction motors to change the duty ratio
or cycle. When the switch is depressed, the microcontroller modifies the duty cycle of the
triggering pulse, and then IGBTs adjust the output voltages. Here, a lamp has been
connected for testing purposes; as output voltages change, its light also changes, allowing
us to visually inspect if the output voltages have been rising or falling.
[1] By using this system, we can reduce the higher order of harmonic contents and can
run the single-phase ac motor at different speeds.
[2] This system could be used for controlling the speed of washing machines,
ventilators, compressor and dishwasher.
[3] This system is more compact, more reliable and less costly as compared to other
speed controls systems.
VI. CONCLUSION
Induction motor speed may be effectively controlled using a microcontroller-based
system and pulse width modulation. Users can adjust the induction motor's speed using
the PWM approach in accordance with their need’s region.
REFERENCES
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