ACPWM Control For Induction Motor: Krunal Dabhi, Mehul Patel Kaushal Barot

Webology (ISSN: 1735-188X)
Volume 17, Number 1, 2020
ACPWM Control For Induction Motor

Krunal Dabhi1, Mehul Patel2, Kaushal Barot3
1
P.G. Student, Department of Electrical Engineering, Gokul Global University,
Sidhpur, Gujarat, India.
2
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Gokul Global
University, Sidhpur, Gujarat, India.
3
Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Gokul Global
University, Sidhpur, Gujarat, India.
ABSTRACT: This research aims to develop a new speed control method for a single-
phase ac induction motor. It provides a low-cost, high-efficiency drive capable of
supplying a PWM modulated sinusoidal voltage to a single-phase ac induction motor. An
8051-family microprocessor controls the circuit operation.
The device is intended to replace the commonly used triac phase angle control drives. The
circuit may power a single- phase alternating current induction motor (or a broader
alternating current inductive/resistive load) with variable alternating current voltage. The
voltage provided to the load, like in triac control, can be changed from zero to maximum
value. It, on the other hand, employs a pulse width modulation (PWM) approach, which,
when contrasted to the phase angle control utilized for triacs, yields.
KEYWORDS: Low-cost, High- efficiency, Maximum output, Energy Saving.
I. INTRODUCTION
Induction motors are widely utilised in industrial, commercial, and household
applications. It is employed in a variety of applications due to the motor's low cost and
great efficiency. Broad speed range and toughness. Because of their simple and sturdy
construction without a mechanical commutator, AC machines are more useful than DC
machines in most applications today. Residential washing machines, fans, and car window
lifts, as well as traction control systems and other industrial drives, are all examples of
motor control applications.
The use of induction motors fed by static frequency inverters is rapidly expanding in many
industrial applications. As a result, the electric motor is the most significant component.
A full manufacturing unit consists of three basic components: a working machine, a
gearbox device, and an electric motor. An electric motor provides power. The transmitting
device delivers power from the electric motor to the driven. The electric motor is
characterised as a single alternating current (AC) motor. In this project, a microcontroller-
based system is used to regulate the speed of an induction motor using the pulse width
modulation technique. When an alternating current motor is linked to an alternating
current line, its speed is fixed.
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In many applications, the motor speed must now be changed. As a result, the pulse width
modulation technology is more efficient and gives a greater level of performance. The
frequency of the motor can be changed to modify its speed. An induction motor is
analogous to a polyphase transformer with a shorted secondary. As a result, at typical
supply voltage, as in transformers, the initial current Laken by the primary is quite
substantial for a brief period of time. In contrast to DC motors, high starting current is
caused by the absence of back emf. When an induction motor is turned on directly from
the power source, it consumes 5 to 7 times its full bad current and produces only 1.5 to
2.5 times its full bad torque. This high beginning current causes a significant voltage drop
in the line, which can interfere with the operation of other devices connected to the same
line. As a result, starting induction motors with greater ratings (usually above 25kW)
straight from the power source is not recommended.
An induction motor, also known as an asynchronous motor, is an alternating current (AC)

electric motor in which the electric current required to produce torque in the rotor is
obtained through electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field of the stator winding.
The rotor of an induction motor might be wound or squirrel-cage. The revolving flux is
referred to as the "Rotating Magnetic Field" (RMF). According to Faraday's law, the
relative speed of the stator RMF and the rotor conductors creates an induced emf in the
rotor conductors. Now, induced current in rotor will also produce alternating flux around
it.
II. RELATED WORK

[1] "AC PWM SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM" by Khaled A. Madi Ali and
Mohammad E. Salem Abozaed is found in the Proceedings of the International
Multiconference of March 17–19, 2010, Engineers 2010 vol. Induction motors are utilised
more frequently in a variety of industrial and commercial applications because they offer
a number of advantages and are a dependable way to transfer electrical energy into
mechanical motion. This study surveys the literature on induction motor uses.[2]Hamid
A. Toliyat and Rahul Khokar, Texas A&M University's Electric Machines & Power
Electronics Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering 26 Feb. 2014.This essay
examines the many converter techniques that have been put out for changeable speed
single phase induction motor drives. The study presents a number of novel converter
approaches. In this paper, various converters have been contrasted. The adjustable
frequency PWM inverter is the ideal option for single-phase induction motor drives
among various converter topologies.[3] P. Pawar, Neha Sarjerao Chavan, and Ashwini
Balaku Shinde Technique for "Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PWM"
Published on September 4, 2015 in the Harsha Engineering Research and Technology
International Journal. This essay examines the benefits of induction motor speed
regulation in the literature. Its low- cost design and great efficiency drive an ac induction
motor using PWM regulated sinusoidal voltage. In comparison to expensive converters,
it requires less active and passive components.
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
In this study, a novel speed control method for single-phase AC induction motors is tested.
It has low-cost, high- efficiency drives that can deliver PWM-modulated sinusoidal
voltage to a single-phase induction motor. A microcontroller from the 8051 family
controls the operation of the circuit. The gadget aims to replace frequently employed
TRIAC phase angle control drives. The circuit can provide an induction motor (either an
inductive or resistive load) with a single phase and variable AC voltage.
IV. WORKING OF ACPWM CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INDUCTION MOTOR

The voltages are adjusted from zero to maximum in an ACPWM control system for an
induction motor. This system's voltage control structure is nearly same, and voltages are
controlled by triac devices like fan regulators or dimmers.
However, in this case, the higher order of harmonic content will be reduced by using
IGBTs and an OPTO isolator. The wade bur bar or 220V ac is directly connected to this
system. When it comes to 220V ac, a transformer steps down the voltage to 9 or 6 V,
which is then converted to de through a bridge rectifier. Finally, these de voltages are
regulated into 5 V de with the aid of a voltage regulator. Due to the fact that this system
uses basic electronics and Simple power electronics components, including
microcontrollers and zero crossing detectors, are therefore powered by voltage regulator
LM7805.
Similar to this, after converting into de and filtering, power electronics components like
OPTO isolators and IGBTs are powered up directly through 220V ac. The collector,
emitter, and gate are the three terminals of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor).
This transistor enters conduction mode and current flows from collector to emitter when
the gate is activated via PWM. PWM is produced by the pic microcontroller, which is
programmed in the c programming language using the microbe software. The
microprocessor, which controls the duty ratio of the PWM wave more effectively and
intelligently, is the system's primary controller. The OPTO isolator, which provides the
logic high or low signal to the IGBT gate, is directly connected to this microcontroller.
Galvanic isotron is additionally provided by OPTO isolator. A bush button has been
employed in this ACPWM control system for induction motors to change the duty ratio
or cycle. When the switch is depressed, the microcontroller modifies the duty cycle of the
triggering pulse, and then IGBTs adjust the output voltages. Here, a lamp has been
connected for testing purposes; as output voltages change, its light also changes, allowing
us to visually inspect if the output voltages have been rising or falling.
V. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES OF ACPWM CONTROL SYSTEM

FOR INDUCTION MOTOR:
[1] By using this system, we can reduce the higher order of harmonic contents and can
run the single-phase ac motor at different speeds.
[2] This system could be used for controlling the speed of washing machines,
ventilators, compressor and dishwasher.
[3] This system is more compact, more reliable and less costly as compared to other
speed controls systems.
VI. CONCLUSION
Induction motor speed may be effectively controlled using a microcontroller-based
system and pulse width modulation. Users can adjust the induction motor's speed using
the PWM approach in accordance with their need’s region.
REFERENCES
[1] Hamid A. Toliyat, RahulKhopkar, Electric Machines & Power Electronics

Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Texas A&M University 26 Feb.
2014.
[2] Harsha P. Pawar, Chavan Neha Sarjerao and Shinde Ashwini Balaku “Speed
Control of Induction Motor using PWM” Technique Published 4 September 2015
International journal of engineering research and technology.
[3] Hamid A. Toliyat, RahulKhopkar, Electric Machines & Power Electronics
Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering Texas A&M University 26 Feb.
2014.
[4] Shilpa V Kaibaswar. Prof RA.Keswani/International journal of Engineering
Research and application (IJERA). pp. 1732-1736. Speed Control of Three
Induction Motor by V/F method for batching motion system.
[5] S.M. Wankhede. R.M. Holmukhe, Miss A.M. Kadam, MissP.R. Shinde, PS.
Chaudhari Microcontroller Based Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using

PWM technique.
[6] Application Note-017 PWM Motor Drives - Theory and Measurement
Considerations.
[7] The 8052 Microcontroller and Embedded System Pearson Education-M.A. Mazidi
Power Electronics-M. Rashid.
[8] Electrical Technology-Theraja WEBSITES.

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Webology (ISSN: 1735-188X)

Volume 17, Number 1, 2020

ACPWM Control For Induction Motor

KEYWORDS: Low-cost, High- efficiency, Maximum output, Energy Saving.

An induction motor, also known as an asynchronous motor, is an alternating current (AC)

II. RELATED WORK

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM

IV. WORKING OF ACPWM CONTROL SYSTEM FOR INDUCTION MOTOR

V. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES OF ACPWM CONTROL SYSTEM

[1] Hamid A. Toliyat, RahulKhopkar, Electric Machines & Power Electronics

Chaudhari Microcontroller Based Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using

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